Exam 2: You Are What You Eat: Culture, Norms, and Values

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Define social control. Illustrate your answer with an example.

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Social control is a process of regulating individual behavior to ensure it conforms to group norms-often informal, but widely known and accepted ways of doing things within a culture. This is done by applying sanctions-actions that express approval or disapproval of actions in reference to social norms.
Conformity to norms elicits positive sanctions (e.g. positive tweets about a restaurant), and their violation elicits negative sanctions (negative tweets about a restaurant).
Sanctions may be informal (e.g. disappointed patrons tell their friends not to visit a restaurant) or formal (a restaurant is fined or closed due to violation of food safety regulations).
Accept any realistic example(s).

Which of the following is true of cultural norms?

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Define commodity fetishism. Can foodwork within a family household be understood as a case of commodity fetishism? Explain your answer.

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Commodity fetishism is a situation wherein the production process is obscured at the point of consumption i.e. invisible to the consumer. This includes a situation in which labor necessary to produce food, including inequality, exploitation and alienation of producers, is invisible to people who consume food.
This concept applies to domestic division of foodwork, which is often "invisible" (e.g. planning of menus and time necessary for purchase and preparation of food), and unequal (less powerful family members, e.g. women, spend much more time on foodwork), but the inequality is accepted as normal and not questioned.

Define the normative approach to sociology. Does the textbook support or oppose it?

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Research shows a discrepancy between the fact that women perform the vast majority of unpaid foodwork and:

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Apply the concepts of ethnocentrism and cultural relativism to the conceptualization of dogs as food animals.

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Central areas of many American cities, inhabited by the poor, are described as "food deserts," where fast food is abundant, but it is difficult to find healthy, affordable food. Which of the following phenomena are food deserts examples of?

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Which of the following values do sociologists pursue, when they try to understand the respondents' behavior within the context of the respondents' culture?

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Which of the following concepts, discussed in the textbook, can best describe the significance of food as a mark of national identity?

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Marxist concept of commodity fetishism implies that consumers should be aware of the conditions under which items they purchase have been produced. Knowing this, which of the following approaches to sociology do Marxists engage in?

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Who decides which food will be considered as mark of national identity? Is this process contentious in any way?

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Define values and their importance for social life. Illustrate your answer with an example.

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Which of the following is a material element of culture?

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Researchers and activists claim that the "true cost" of a burger is far greater that a few dollars we pay for it in a fast-food restaurant. Which of the following costs is this attributable to?

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According to the textbook, sociologists should strive to interpret results of qualitative interviewing from the standpoint of:

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According to Durkheim, people participating in a religious ritual are actually worshipping the following:

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Which of the following do groups and societies apply in reaction to deviance?

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The practice of "nose to tail eating" attempts to reduce food waste and show respect for animals. In doing so, it showcases the following aspect of food production, usually hidden by commodity fetishism:

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Fair Trade movement labels food to inform consumers whether the primary producers of coffee, tea, and similar commodities received a fair price for them. By doing so, it tries to limit the influence of the following phenomenon:

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