Question 1

Wimmer and Perner (1983) devised a test of false belief that involved a story about a boy's quest to find his chocolate. This is known as the:

Accepted Answer

A) Deceptive box test 
B) Unexpected transfer test 
C) False memory test 
D) Perspective-taking test 
E) State-change test 
A) Deceptive box test 
B) Unexpected transfer test 
C) False memory test 
D) Perspective-taking test 
E) State-change test B

Question 2

Lewis, Stranger, and Sullivan (1989) investigated:

Accepted Answer

A) Young children's ability to conceal information 
B) Children's misunderstanding of the question 
C) The relation between size of extended family and passing a test of false belief 
D) Children's memory failures 
E) Children's ability to comprehend false belief stories 
A) Young children's ability to conceal information 
B) Children's misunderstanding of the question 
C) The relation between size of extended family and passing a test of false belief 
D) Children's memory failures 
E) Children's ability to comprehend false belief stories A

Question 3

Lewis and Osborne (1990) argued that children aged 3 years give incorrect judgments on a test of false belief because they:

Accepted Answer

A) Do not have older siblings 
B) Have a cognitive deficit 
C) Have a poor memory 
D) Are intimidated by the experimenter 
E) Misunderstand the experimenter's question 
A) Do not have older siblings 
B) Have a cognitive deficit 
C) Have a poor memory 
D) Are intimidated by the experimenter 
E) Misunderstand the experimenter's question E

Question 4

Flavell, Flavell, and Green (1983) disguised a sponge to look like a rock in order to investigate children's understanding of:

Accepted Answer

A) Representational change 
B) False belief 
C) The distinction between appearance and reality 
D) Different perspectives 
E) Deception 
A) Representational change 
B) False belief 
C) The distinction between appearance and reality 
D) Different perspectives 
E) Deception

Question 5

Perner, Leekam, and Wimmer (1987) devised a test of false belief that involved a familiar box that contained something other than it usually contains. This is known as the:

Accepted Answer

A) State-change test 
B) Unexpected transfer test 
C) False memory test 
D) Perspective-taking test 
E) Deceptive box test 
A) State-change test 
B) Unexpected transfer test 
C) False memory test 
D) Perspective-taking test 
E) Deceptive box test

Question 6

Who is credited with arguing that a test of false belief is a litmus test for investigating children's development of a theory of mind?

Accepted Answer

A) Wellman 
B) Wimmer and Perner 
C) Baron-Cohen 
D) Leslie 
E) Dennett 
A) Wellman 
B) Wimmer and Perner 
C) Baron-Cohen 
D) Leslie 
E) Dennett

Question 7

Lewis et al. (1996) found that the age at which children first pass a test of false belief is ______ related to the size of the child's extended family.

Accepted Answer

A) Scarcely 
B) Positively 
C) Not 
D) Negatively 
E) Quadratically 
A) Scarcely 
B) Positively 
C) Not 
D) Negatively 
E) Quadratically

Question 8

After investigating age-related changes in children's performance on false belief and appearance-reality tasks, Gopnik and Astington (1988) concluded that children experience:

Accepted Answer

A) Teasing from siblings 
B) A gradual change in their understanding of the mind 
C) Mentoring from their parents 
D) A radical conceptual shift 
E) More sophisticated conversation with peers 
A) Teasing from siblings 
B) A gradual change in their understanding of the mind 
C) Mentoring from their parents 
D) A radical conceptual shift 
E) More sophisticated conversation with peers

Question 9

In the variant of the state change task devised by Saltmarsh, Mitchell, and Robinson (1995), how did children aged about 3 years perform?

Accepted Answer

A) They reported the thing that was in the box initially 
B) They typically gave the wrong answer 
C) They typically gave the correct answer 
D) They misunderstood the question 
E) They lacked a theory of mind 
A) They reported the thing that was in the box initially 
B) They typically gave the wrong answer 
C) They typically gave the correct answer 
D) They misunderstood the question 
E) They lacked a theory of mind

Question 10

The results of Mitchell and Lacohee's (1991) mailing experiment suggest that young children:

Accepted Answer

A) Experience a radical conceptual shift around the time of their fourth birthday 
B) Have been underestimated by previous research in their understanding of the mind 
C) Undergo stage-like development in their understanding of the mind 
D) Find it easy to acknowledge false belief 
E) Perform at their best when engaged in pretend play 
A) Experience a radical conceptual shift around the time of their fourth birthday 
B) Have been underestimated by previous research in their understanding of the mind 
C) Undergo stage-like development in their understanding of the mind 
D) Find it easy to acknowledge false belief 
E) Perform at their best when engaged in pretend play

Question 11

Cole and Mitchell (1998) found that ______ is related to young children's ability to acknowledge false belief.

Accepted Answer

A) Reading ability 
B) The mother's wellbeing 
C) Listening ability 
D) Being motivated 
E) The mother's age 
A) Reading ability 
B) The mother's wellbeing 
C) Listening ability 
D) Being motivated 
E) The mother's age

Question 12

Wimmer and Hartl (1991) noted young children's correct judgments on a state change test and used them as evidence to argue that young children:

Accepted Answer

A) Undergo a conceptual shift at about the age of 4 years 
B) Have been underestimated 
C) Misunderstand the question 
D) Are embarrassed 
E) Are intimidated 
A) Undergo a conceptual shift at about the age of 4 years 
B) Have been underestimated 
C) Misunderstand the question 
D) Are embarrassed 
E) Are intimidated

Question 13

Perner, Ruffman, and Leekam (1994) investigated the relationship between children's ability to acknowledge false belief and how many siblings they had. They found that:

Accepted Answer

A) The likelihood of acknowledging false belief is a negative function of the number of siblings a child has 
B) Singletons are more likely to pass a test of false belief than children who have brothers and sisters 
C) Being able to acknowledge false belief is related to the size of the child's extended family 
D) Children's understanding of the mind changes gradually 
E) The likelihood of acknowledging false belief is a positive function of the number of siblings a child has 
A) The likelihood of acknowledging false belief is a negative function of the number of siblings a child has 
B) Singletons are more likely to pass a test of false belief than children who have brothers and sisters 
C) Being able to acknowledge false belief is related to the size of the child's extended family 
D) Children's understanding of the mind changes gradually 
E) The likelihood of acknowledging false belief is a positive function of the number of siblings a child has

Question 14

Wimmer and Hartl (1991) sought the help of Kasperl as a confederate to test the possibility that children fail to acknowledge their own prior false belief because they:

Accepted Answer

A) Misunderstand the experimenter's question 
B) Have amnesia 
C) Are embarrassed 
D) Enjoy make believe 
E) Enjoy children's TV programs 
A) Misunderstand the experimenter's question 
B) Have amnesia 
C) Are embarrassed 
D) Enjoy make believe 
E) Enjoy children's TV programs

Question 15

In the "mailing procedure," devised by Mitchell and Lacohee (1991), children:

Accepted Answer

A) Mailed a picture of their initial false belief 
B) Mailed a picture of their initial true belief 
C) Mailed a letter to Santa Claus 
D) Answered the question about their belief by sending it on a postcard to the experimenter 
E) Misunderstood the question 
A) Mailed a picture of their initial false belief 
B) Mailed a picture of their initial true belief 
C) Mailed a letter to Santa Claus 
D) Answered the question about their belief by sending it on a postcard to the experimenter 
E) Misunderstood the question

Question 16

Wimmer and Hartl (1991) devised a test of state change. In this, the child's initial belief about the content of a box was:

Accepted Answer

A) Neutral 
B) False 
C) Void 
D) True 
E) Undetectable 
A) Neutral 
B) False 
C) Void 
D) True 
E) Undetectable

Question 17

Chandler, Fritz, and Hala (1989) investigated young children's ability to:

Accepted Answer

A) Solve logical problems 
B) Remember key facts 
C) Destroy evidence 
D) Tell a story 
E) Make friends with peers 
A) Solve logical problems 
B) Remember key facts 
C) Destroy evidence 
D) Tell a story 
E) Make friends with peers

Question 18

Bartsch and Wellman (1989) devised a variant of a test of false belief in which participants were invited to:

Accepted Answer

A) Impute psychological meaning to the direction of another person's gaze 
B) Try to deceive the experimenter 
C) Try to deceive a peer 
D) Make a deceptive facial expression 
E) Explain rather than predict behavior 
A) Impute psychological meaning to the direction of another person's gaze 
B) Try to deceive the experimenter 
C) Try to deceive a peer 
D) Make a deceptive facial expression 
E) Explain rather than predict behavior

Question 19

Gopnik and Astington (1988) found that children aged around 3 and 4 years:

Accepted Answer

A) Are more likely to acknowledge another person's false belief than their own prior false belief 
B) Are more likely to acknowledge their own prior false belief than to acknowledge another person's false belief 
C) Perform as well in acknowledging another person's false belief as in acknowledging their own prior false belief 
D) Find it easier to distinguish between appearance and reality than to acknowledge false belief 
E) Find it easier to acknowledge false belief than to distinguish between appearance and reality 
A) Are more likely to acknowledge another person's false belief than their own prior false belief 
B) Are more likely to acknowledge their own prior false belief than to acknowledge another person's false belief 
C) Perform as well in acknowledging another person's false belief as in acknowledging their own prior false belief 
D) Find it easier to distinguish between appearance and reality than to acknowledge false belief 
E) Find it easier to acknowledge false belief than to distinguish between appearance and reality

Question 20

Siegal and Beattie (1991) discovered that children are more likely to give a correct judgment in a test of false belief if the test question includes the phrase:

Accepted Answer

A) First of all 
B) I will give you some chocolate if you answer correctly 
C) Take your time before answering 
D) Before we opened the lid 
E) Stop and think 
A) First of all 
B) I will give you some chocolate if you answer correctly 
C) Take your time before answering 
D) Before we opened the lid 
E) Stop and think

Wimmer and Perner (1983) devised a test of false belief that involved a story about a boy's quest to find his chocolate. This is known as the:

Lewis, Stranger, and Sullivan (1989) investigated:

Lewis and Osborne (1990) argued that children aged 3 years give incorrect judgments on a test of false belief because they:

Flavell, Flavell, and Green (1983) disguised a sponge to look like a rock in order to investigate children's understanding of:

Perner, Leekam, and Wimmer (1987) devised a test of false belief that involved a familiar box that contained something other than it usually contains. This is known as the:

Who is credited with arguing that a test of false belief is a litmus test for investigating children's development of a theory of mind?

Lewis et al. (1996) found that the age at which children first pass a test of false belief is ______ related to the size of the child's extended family.

After investigating age-related changes in children's performance on false belief and appearance-reality tasks, Gopnik and Astington (1988) concluded that children experience:

In the variant of the state change task devised by Saltmarsh, Mitchell, and Robinson (1995), how did children aged about 3 years perform?

The results of Mitchell and Lacohee's (1991) mailing experiment suggest that young children:

Cole and Mitchell (1998) found that ______ is related to young children's ability to acknowledge false belief.

Wimmer and Hartl (1991) noted young children's correct judgments on a state change test and used them as evidence to argue that young children:

Perner, Ruffman, and Leekam (1994) investigated the relationship between children's ability to acknowledge false belief and how many siblings they had. They found that:

Wimmer and Hartl (1991) sought the help of Kasperl as a confederate to test the possibility that children fail to acknowledge their own prior false belief because they:

In the "mailing procedure," devised by Mitchell and Lacohee (1991), children:

Wimmer and Hartl (1991) devised a test of state change. In this, the child's initial belief about the content of a box was:

Chandler, Fritz, and Hala (1989) investigated young children's ability to:

Bartsch and Wellman (1989) devised a variant of a test of false belief in which participants were invited to:

Gopnik and Astington (1988) found that children aged around 3 and 4 years:

Siegal and Beattie (1991) discovered that children are more likely to give a correct judgment in a test of false belief if the test question includes the phrase:

Themes and Perspectives in Developmental Psychology

Methodological Approaches

The Development of Thinking

Does Piagets Theory Stand up to Examination

Developmental Disorders

Autism

Numerical Development

Developing an Ability to Draw

Developing an Ability to See the World

The Role of Heredity and Environment in Intelligence

Language Development

Developing an Ability to Communicate

Parenting and the Development of Love and Attachment

Moral Development

Development of Antisocial Behavior

Filters

Exam 5: What Children Understand About the Mind

Wimmer and Perner (1983) devised a test of false belief that involved a story about a boy's quest to find his chocolate. This is known as the:

Lewis, Stranger, and Sullivan (1989) investigated:

Lewis and Osborne (1990) argued that children aged 3 years give incorrect judgments on a test of false belief because they:

Flavell, Flavell, and Green (1983) disguised a sponge to look like a rock in order to investigate children's understanding of:

Perner, Leekam, and Wimmer (1987) devised a test of false belief that involved a familiar box that contained something other than it usually contains. This is known as the:

Who is credited with arguing that a test of false belief is a litmus test for investigating children's development of a theory of mind?

Lewis et al. (1996) found that the age at which children first pass a test of false belief is ______ related to the size of the child's extended family.

After investigating age-related changes in children's performance on false belief and appearance-reality tasks, Gopnik and Astington (1988) concluded that children experience:

In the variant of the state change task devised by Saltmarsh, Mitchell, and Robinson (1995), how did children aged about 3 years perform?

The results of Mitchell and Lacohee's (1991) mailing experiment suggest that young children:

Cole and Mitchell (1998) found that ______ is related to young children's ability to acknowledge false belief.

Wimmer and Hartl (1991) noted young children's correct judgments on a state change test and used them as evidence to argue that young children:

Perner, Ruffman, and Leekam (1994) investigated the relationship between children's ability to acknowledge false belief and how many siblings they had. They found that:

Wimmer and Hartl (1991) sought the help of Kasperl as a confederate to test the possibility that children fail to acknowledge their own prior false belief because they:

In the "mailing procedure," devised by Mitchell and Lacohee (1991), children:

Wimmer and Hartl (1991) devised a test of state change. In this, the child's initial belief about the content of a box was:

Chandler, Fritz, and Hala (1989) investigated young children's ability to:

Bartsch and Wellman (1989) devised a variant of a test of false belief in which participants were invited to:

Gopnik and Astington (1988) found that children aged around 3 and 4 years:

Siegal and Beattie (1991) discovered that children are more likely to give a correct judgment in a test of false belief if the test question includes the phrase:

Themes and Perspectives in Developmental Psychology

Methodological Approaches

The Development of Thinking

Does Piagets Theory Stand up to Examination

Developmental Disorders

Autism

Numerical Development

Developing an Ability to Draw

Developing an Ability to See the World

The Role of Heredity and Environment in Intelligence

Language Development

Developing an Ability to Communicate

Parenting and the Development of Love and Attachment

Moral Development

Development of Antisocial Behavior

Filters