Question 1

According to Piaget, children at about what age gave a nonconserving answer?

Accepted Answer

A) Age 7 and below 
B) Age 7 and above 
C) Age 10 and below 
D) Age 14 and below 
E) Age 14 and above 
A) Age 7 and below 
B) Age 7 and above 
C) Age 10 and below 
D) Age 14 and below 
E) Age 14 and above A

Question 2

The preferential looking procedure is based on the principle that:

Accepted Answer

A) All things being equal, babies prefer looking at familiar rather than novel objects 
B) All things being equal, babies prefer looking at novel rather than familiar objects 
C) Neurons in one brain resonate with those in another brain 
D) Babies encode objects according to their projected size and not their true size 
E) Babies can perceive depth 
A) All things being equal, babies prefer looking at familiar rather than novel objects 
B) All things being equal, babies prefer looking at novel rather than familiar objects 
C) Neurons in one brain resonate with those in another brain 
D) Babies encode objects according to their projected size and not their true size 
E) Babies can perceive depth B

Question 3

In Thouless' (1931) study:

Accepted Answer

A) It was found that participants drew an oval shape that was too thin 
B) Adult participants drew a soccer ball as an oval shape 
C) Children participants were asked to draw a cup with the handle out of view 
D) It was found that participants did not exaggerate circularity 
E) It was found that participants exaggerated circularity 
A) It was found that participants drew an oval shape that was too thin 
B) Adult participants drew a soccer ball as an oval shape 
C) Children participants were asked to draw a cup with the handle out of view 
D) It was found that participants did not exaggerate circularity 
E) It was found that participants exaggerated circularity E

Question 4

Which technique provides the most accurate information about the speed of attention at the level of the cortex?

Accepted Answer

A) fMRI 
B) EEG 
C) X-ray 
D) Structural MRI 
E) TMS 
A) fMRI 
B) EEG 
C) X-ray 
D) Structural MRI 
E) TMS

Question 5

The most basic source of bias is the yes bias (Ackerman, 1982), which occurs while children are asked a question that requires an answer of either "yes" or "no". What is the meaning of yes bias?

Accepted Answer

A) Children are biased to answer "yes" when the correct answer is yes 
B) Children are biased to answer "no" irrespective of what is actually the correct answer 
C) Children are biased to answer "yes" irrespective of what is actually the correct answer 
D) Children are biased to answer "yes" when the correct answer is no 
E) Children are biased not to give any answer when the correct answer is yes 
A) Children are biased to answer "yes" when the correct answer is yes 
B) Children are biased to answer "no" irrespective of what is actually the correct answer 
C) Children are biased to answer "yes" irrespective of what is actually the correct answer 
D) Children are biased to answer "yes" when the correct answer is no 
E) Children are biased not to give any answer when the correct answer is yes

Question 6

Which of the following is an unfair criticism of Piaget's investigation of object permanence in infancy?

Accepted Answer

A) Potential biases in observation 
B) Small sample size 
C) Observation methods were used 
D) Possibilities of other explanations were not ruled out 
E) The findings were over-interpreted 
A) Potential biases in observation 
B) Small sample size 
C) Observation methods were used 
D) Possibilities of other explanations were not ruled out 
E) The findings were over-interpreted

Question 7

Which of the following is not a limitation of brain-imaging techniques?

Accepted Answer

A) Testing conditions might not resemble a real-world environment 
B) Only indicates the location of a cognitive process 
C) Peparation for testing can be complicated and time consuming 
D) Enables us to test theories 
E) Testing can be costly 
A) Testing conditions might not resemble a real-world environment 
B) Only indicates the location of a cognitive process 
C) Peparation for testing can be complicated and time consuming 
D) Enables us to test theories 
E) Testing can be costly

Question 8

What method can be employed to solve the problem of extraneous effects associated with the positioning of objects in the preferential looking procedure?

Accepted Answer

A) Counterbalancing 
B) Removing extra objects 
C) Adding more positions of objects 
D) Conducting the experiment in a quiet environment 
E) Always keep the objects in the same position 
A) Counterbalancing 
B) Removing extra objects 
C) Adding more positions of objects 
D) Conducting the experiment in a quiet environment 
E) Always keep the objects in the same position

Question 9

Which of the following is the most basic form of bias when children respond to questions?

Accepted Answer

A) Experimenter bias 
B) "Yes" bias 
C) Availability heuristic 
D) Representativeness heuristic 
E) "No" bias 
A) Experimenter bias 
B) "Yes" bias 
C) Availability heuristic 
D) Representativeness heuristic 
E) "No" bias

Question 10

In a study by Mitchell and Robinson (1992), it was discovered that children will give an accurate judgment of their state of ignorance regarding Simon's identity if:

Accepted Answer

A) There are pictures presented in front of them 
B) There are no words presented in front of them 
C) There are words presented in front of them 
D) There are no pictures presented in front of them 
E) There are picture and words presented in front of them 
A) There are pictures presented in front of them 
B) There are no words presented in front of them 
C) There are words presented in front of them 
D) There are no pictures presented in front of them 
E) There are picture and words presented in front of them

Question 11

Primarily, what does fMRI measure?

Accepted Answer

A) Action potential circuits 
B) The activity of neurons 
C) Virtual "slices" of the brain 
D) A three-dimensional image of the brain 
E) Concentrations of blood 
A) Action potential circuits 
B) The activity of neurons 
C) Virtual "slices" of the brain 
D) A three-dimensional image of the brain 
E) Concentrations of blood

Question 12

Which of the following is not true of the recording of eye movements using an eye tracker?

Accepted Answer

A) It measures the direction of the baby's gaze in relation to the scene that lies before the baby 
B) Calibrating a baby's eye movements is easy 
C) It tells us fairly precisely which object the baby looked at 
D) Some eye trackers can provide information about pupil dilation 
E) The eye tracker will generate a recording of the scene that the baby observed 
A) It measures the direction of the baby's gaze in relation to the scene that lies before the baby 
B) Calibrating a baby's eye movements is easy 
C) It tells us fairly precisely which object the baby looked at 
D) Some eye trackers can provide information about pupil dilation 
E) The eye tracker will generate a recording of the scene that the baby observed

Question 13

Which of the following is a challenge for preferential looking?

Accepted Answer

A) Babies don't have strong systematic preferences in where they look 
B) It is not versatile and sensitive for investigating babies' development 
C) It cannot be applied to a wide variety of problems of investigation 
D) There are no ways to record looking preferences 
E) Data coding is difficult 
A) Babies don't have strong systematic preferences in where they look 
B) It is not versatile and sensitive for investigating babies' development 
C) It cannot be applied to a wide variety of problems of investigation 
D) There are no ways to record looking preferences 
E) Data coding is difficult

Question 14

Which of the following is not a benefit of brain-imaging techniques?

Accepted Answer

A) To enable us to identify areas of brain damage. 
B) To enable us to understand how cognitive functions are represented in the architecture of the brain 
C) To enable us to test theories 
D) To enable us to address questions on how we can acquire an understanding of the mind 
E) To enable us to read minds 
A) To enable us to identify areas of brain damage. 
B) To enable us to understand how cognitive functions are represented in the architecture of the brain 
C) To enable us to test theories 
D) To enable us to address questions on how we can acquire an understanding of the mind 
E) To enable us to read minds

Question 15

Which of the following techniques is most commonly used to observe the behavior of infants?

Accepted Answer

A) Electroencephalogram (EEG) 
B) Preferential looking 
C) Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) 
D) Transcranial Magnetic Simulation (TMS) 
E) Question and answer sessions 
A) Electroencephalogram (EEG) 
B) Preferential looking 
C) Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) 
D) Transcranial Magnetic Simulation (TMS) 
E) Question and answer sessions

Question 16

B.F. Skinner and his followers were utterly dissatisfied with psychoanalysis as an approach and felt that the discipline should be more (I) systematic (II) ethical (III) technical (IV) scientific

Accepted Answer

A) I, II, III 
B) I, II, IV 
C) I, III, IV 
D) II, III, IV 
E) None of the above 
A) I, II, III 
B) I, II, IV 
C) I, III, IV 
D) II, III, IV 
E) None of the above

Question 17

Which statement below is not true about an electroencephalogram (EEG)?

Accepted Answer

A) It tells us how neural activity changes over a very brief period of time 
B) It picks up minute electromagnetic activity generated by the electro-chemical processes occurring at the surface of the cortex of the brain 
C) It is more precise in telling us the location of activity in the brain compared with MRI 
D) It can be a net of 128 or 256 tiny electrodes 
E) Usually, an EEG system is less expensive than an MRI system. 
A) It tells us how neural activity changes over a very brief period of time 
B) It picks up minute electromagnetic activity generated by the electro-chemical processes occurring at the surface of the cortex of the brain 
C) It is more precise in telling us the location of activity in the brain compared with MRI 
D) It can be a net of 128 or 256 tiny electrodes 
E) Usually, an EEG system is less expensive than an MRI system.

Question 18

"... we should abandon the notion of 'mind' altogether and concentrate instead only on understanding the principles of behavior" was an idea of:

Accepted Answer

A) Charles Darwin 
B) Jean Piaget 
C) 
B) F. Skinner 
D) Noam Chomsky 
E) Sigmund Freud 
A) Charles Darwin 
B) Jean Piaget 
C) 
B) F. Skinner 
D) Noam Chomsky 
E) Sigmund Freud

Question 19

What is the meaning of counterbalancing?

Accepted Answer

A) Counterbalancing is an experimental technique in which all possible orders of presenting the variables are included 
B) Counterbalancing is an experimental technique in which all possible orders of presenting the variables are not included 
C) Counterbalancing is an experimental technique in which some possible orders of presenting the variables are included 
D) Counterbalancing is an experimental technique in which some possible orders of presenting the variables are not included 
E) Counterbalancing is an experimental technique used in between-groups designs to ensure unbiased allocation of participants to conditions 
A) Counterbalancing is an experimental technique in which all possible orders of presenting the variables are included 
B) Counterbalancing is an experimental technique in which all possible orders of presenting the variables are not included 
C) Counterbalancing is an experimental technique in which some possible orders of presenting the variables are included 
D) Counterbalancing is an experimental technique in which some possible orders of presenting the variables are not included 
E) Counterbalancing is an experimental technique used in between-groups designs to ensure unbiased allocation of participants to conditions

Question 20

Which is NOT true about mirror neuron hypothesis (Rizzolatti & Craighero, 2004)?

Accepted Answer

A) It predicts that it is quite easy for a person to imagine being in the same situation as another whom they are observing 
B) It explains why yawning is contagious 
C) Neurons in one brain resonate with those in another brain 
D) It is consistent with the possibility that we understand other people's minds by applying rules but not by imaginatively projecting ourselves into the shoes of another person 
E) It has become very well known among the community of cognitive neuroscientists 
A) It predicts that it is quite easy for a person to imagine being in the same situation as another whom they are observing 
B) It explains why yawning is contagious 
C) Neurons in one brain resonate with those in another brain 
D) It is consistent with the possibility that we understand other people's minds by applying rules but not by imaginatively projecting ourselves into the shoes of another person 
E) It has become very well known among the community of cognitive neuroscientists

According to Piaget, children at about what age gave a nonconserving answer?

The preferential looking procedure is based on the principle that:

In Thouless' (1931) study:

Which technique provides the most accurate information about the speed of attention at the level of the cortex?

The most basic source of bias is the yes bias (Ackerman, 1982), which occurs while children are asked a question that requires an answer of either "yes" or "no". What is the meaning of yes bias?

Which of the following is an unfair criticism of Piaget's investigation of object permanence in infancy?

Which of the following is not a limitation of brain-imaging techniques?

What method can be employed to solve the problem of extraneous effects associated with the positioning of objects in the preferential looking procedure?

Which of the following is the most basic form of bias when children respond to questions?

In a study by Mitchell and Robinson (1992), it was discovered that children will give an accurate judgment of their state of ignorance regarding Simon's identity if:

Primarily, what does fMRI measure?

Which of the following is not true of the recording of eye movements using an eye tracker?

Which of the following is a challenge for preferential looking?

Which of the following is not a benefit of brain-imaging techniques?

Which of the following techniques is most commonly used to observe the behavior of infants?

B.F. Skinner and his followers were utterly dissatisfied with psychoanalysis as an approach and felt that the discipline should be more (I) systematic (II) ethical (III) technical (IV) scientific

Which statement below is not true about an electroencephalogram (EEG)?

"... we should abandon the notion of 'mind' altogether and concentrate instead only on understanding the principles of behavior" was an idea of:

What is the meaning of counterbalancing?

Which is NOT true about mirror neuron hypothesis (Rizzolatti & Craighero, 2004)?

Themes and Perspectives in Developmental Psychology

The Development of Thinking

Does Piagets Theory Stand up to Examination

What Children Understand About the Mind

Developmental Disorders

Autism

Numerical Development

Developing an Ability to Draw

Developing an Ability to See the World

The Role of Heredity and Environment in Intelligence

Language Development

Developing an Ability to Communicate

Parenting and the Development of Love and Attachment

Moral Development

Development of Antisocial Behavior

Filters

Exam 2: Methodological Approaches

According to Piaget, children at about what age gave a nonconserving answer?

The preferential looking procedure is based on the principle that:

In Thouless' (1931) study:

Which technique provides the most accurate information about the speed of attention at the level of the cortex?

The most basic source of bias is the yes bias (Ackerman, 1982), which occurs while children are asked a question that requires an answer of either "yes" or "no". What is the meaning of yes bias?

Which of the following is an unfair criticism of Piaget's investigation of object permanence in infancy?

Which of the following is not a limitation of brain-imaging techniques?

What method can be employed to solve the problem of extraneous effects associated with the positioning of objects in the preferential looking procedure?

Which of the following is the most basic form of bias when children respond to questions?

In a study by Mitchell and Robinson (1992), it was discovered that children will give an accurate judgment of their state of ignorance regarding Simon's identity if:

Primarily, what does fMRI measure?

Which of the following is not true of the recording of eye movements using an eye tracker?

Which of the following is a challenge for preferential looking?

Which of the following is not a benefit of brain-imaging techniques?

Which of the following techniques is most commonly used to observe the behavior of infants?

B.F. Skinner and his followers were utterly dissatisfied with psychoanalysis as an approach and felt that the discipline should be more (I) systematic (II) ethical (III) technical (IV) scientific

Which statement below is not true about an electroencephalogram (EEG)?

"... we should abandon the notion of 'mind' altogether and concentrate instead only on understanding the principles of behavior" was an idea of:

What is the meaning of counterbalancing?

Which is NOT true about mirror neuron hypothesis (Rizzolatti & Craighero, 2004)?

Themes and Perspectives in Developmental Psychology

The Development of Thinking

Does Piagets Theory Stand up to Examination

What Children Understand About the Mind

Developmental Disorders

Autism

Numerical Development

Developing an Ability to Draw

Developing an Ability to See the World

The Role of Heredity and Environment in Intelligence

Language Development

Developing an Ability to Communicate

Parenting and the Development of Love and Attachment

Moral Development

Development of Antisocial Behavior

Filters