Question 1

Compare and contrast the role of anxiety in Drive Theory vs. Inverted U Hypothesis. In your comparison, provide an appropriate example.

Accepted Answer

Drive Theory and Inverted U Hypothesis are both psychological theories that attempt to explain the relationship between arousal and performance. In both theories, anxiety plays a significant role, but the way it is conceptualized and its impact on performance differs.

In Drive Theory, anxiety is seen as a negative force that can hinder performance. According to this theory, as arousal levels increase, so does performance, up to a certain point. However, once arousal levels exceed this optimal point, performance begins to decline. This is where anxiety comes into play - when arousal levels become too high, it can lead to anxiety, which in turn impairs performance. For example, a professional athlete who experiences high levels of anxiety before a competition may find that their performance suffers as a result.

On the other hand, the Inverted U Hypothesis suggests that there is an optimal level of arousal for performance, and that both low and high levels of arousal can lead to anxiety and impair performance. In this theory, anxiety is not necessarily seen as a negative force, but rather as a natural response to both low and high arousal levels. For example, a student who experiences low levels of arousal and anxiety when taking a test may find it difficult to focus and perform well, while a student who experiences high levels of arousal and anxiety may also struggle to concentrate and perform effectively.

In summary, while both Drive Theory and Inverted U Hypothesis acknowledge the role of anxiety in performance, they differ in their conceptualization of how anxiety is related to arousal and its impact on performance. Drive Theory sees anxiety as a result of excessive arousal, leading to impaired performance, while Inverted U Hypothesis suggests that anxiety can result from both low and high arousal levels, and can impair performance in either case.

Question 2

According to drive theory, why do athletes who are about to be traded show lower levels of performance than after they are traded?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are experiencing high levels of arousal (anxiety) before the trade, and lower levels of arousal after the trade 
B)  They are experiencing low levels of arousal (boredom) before the trade, and higher levels of arousal after the trade 
C)  They are experiencing high levels of cognitive anxiety before the trade, and high levels of somatic anxiety after the trade 
D)  They are interpreting the situation negatively before the trade, and then positively after the trade 
A)  They are experiencing high levels of arousal (anxiety) before the trade, and lower levels of arousal after the trade 
B)  They are experiencing low levels of arousal (boredom) before the trade, and higher levels of arousal after the trade 
C)  They are experiencing high levels of cognitive anxiety before the trade, and high levels of somatic anxiety after the trade 
D)  They are interpreting the situation negatively before the trade, and then positively after the trade A

Question 3

Why might a researcher choose to use a self-report measure when measuring levels of anxiety of a sports team?

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-report is relatively inexpensive and easy 
B)  People always report honestly and accurately about their own feelings and behaviors 
C)  Self-report measures show general trends and require large samples of data 
D)  Self-report is helpful in determining heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate 
A)  Self-report is relatively inexpensive and easy 
B)  People always report honestly and accurately about their own feelings and behaviors 
C)  Self-report measures show general trends and require large samples of data 
D)  Self-report is helpful in determining heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate A

Question 4

Reversal theory states that performance is impacted by how the athlete:

Accepted Answer

A)  Interprets arousal 
B)  Interacts with their teammates 
C)  Spends their time preparing before their performance or game 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Interprets arousal 
B)  Interacts with their teammates 
C)  Spends their time preparing before their performance or game 
D)  All of the above

Question 5

According to social facilitation theory, what should happen if you are good at a task, you are currently performing that task, and there are people in your presence, observing you?

Accepted Answer

A)  You should perform even better than normal 
B)  You should perform worse than normal 
C)  Your performance should be no different that it usually is 
D)  Your performance should be only slightly worse than normal 
A)  You should perform even better than normal 
B)  You should perform worse than normal 
C)  Your performance should be no different that it usually is 
D)  Your performance should be only slightly worse than normal

Question 6

______ anxiety describes a behavioral disposition, whereas ______ anxiety is caused by a given situation and is temporary.

Accepted Answer

A)  Trait/State 
B)  Cognitive/Somatic 
C)  State/Trait 
D)  Somatic/Cognitive 
A)  Trait/State 
B)  Cognitive/Somatic 
C)  State/Trait 
D)  Somatic/Cognitive

Question 7

An athlete who has the support of their home crowd, no matter their skill level or the difficulty of the situation, will always perform better than players on the visiting team.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Arousal can be both positive and negative.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Precompetitive cognitive anxiety tends to be high and stable leading up to a competition or event, and then may fluctuate during the event.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Athletes who score higher on confidence are more likely to experience flow.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

According to the transactional model, an athlete playing in a high-stakes game will still perform well if:

Accepted Answer

A)  They interpret the situation in a positive way 
B)  They have a lot of support from the crowd 
C)  They experience high levels of arousal 
D)  They experience high levels of cognitive anxiety and low levels of somatic anxiety 
A)  They interpret the situation in a positive way 
B)  They have a lot of support from the crowd 
C)  They experience high levels of arousal 
D)  They experience high levels of cognitive anxiety and low levels of somatic anxiety

Question 12

Should scientists trouble over the discrepancy between self-report measures of anxiety and physiological markers of anxiety? Is there a way to reconcile the two?

Accepted Answer

Yes, scientists should indeed be concern

Question 13

According to the Inverted U Hypotheses, what should happen to an athlete as their arousal reaches very high levels?

Accepted Answer

A)  Performance levels go down, because the athlete is anxious 
B)  Performance levels go up, because performance correlates with arousal 
C)  Performance levels remain relatively high, although the athlete may feel bored 
D)  Performance levels are not correlated with arousal, according to this theory 
A)  Performance levels go down, because the athlete is anxious 
B)  Performance levels go up, because performance correlates with arousal 
C)  Performance levels remain relatively high, although the athlete may feel bored 
D)  Performance levels are not correlated with arousal, according to this theory

Question 14

What are symptoms of cognitive anxiety?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inability to concentrate and repetitive negative thoughts 
B)  Racing heart rate and higher blood pressure 
C)  Widened pupils and quick breathing 
D)  Pacing back and forth and sweating 
A)  Inability to concentrate and repetitive negative thoughts 
B)  Racing heart rate and higher blood pressure 
C)  Widened pupils and quick breathing 
D)  Pacing back and forth and sweating

Question 15

Which of the following scenarios may cause an athlete to experience state anxiety?

Accepted Answer

A)  All of the above 
B)  Fear of physical harm 
C)  Situation ambiguity 
D)  Fear of negative social evaluation 
A)  All of the above 
B)  Fear of physical harm 
C)  Situation ambiguity 
D)  Fear of negative social evaluation

Question 16

According to the catastrophe model, what will happen to an athlete who is in a very high pressure situation and is already experiencing high levels of cognitive anxiety, and somatic anxiety starts to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  The athlete will have a sudden and substantial drop in performance 
B)  The athlete will receive a boost of energy and perform at a higher-than-typical level 
C)  The athlete will have a sudden drop in cognitive anxiety as the somatic anxiety levels rise 
D)  The athlete will experience low levels of both cognitive and somatic anxiety as both of the forms of anxiety counteract each other 
A)  The athlete will have a sudden and substantial drop in performance 
B)  The athlete will receive a boost of energy and perform at a higher-than-typical level 
C)  The athlete will have a sudden drop in cognitive anxiety as the somatic anxiety levels rise 
D)  The athlete will experience low levels of both cognitive and somatic anxiety as both of the forms of anxiety counteract each other

Question 17

Multidimensional anxiety theory states that peak performance will occur when cognitive state anxiety is moderate and physiological arousal/somatic anxiety is very low.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Somatic anxiety describes anxiety that results from thoughts or concerns.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

A collegiate baseball player is at bat, and is being watched by his coach, a few of his family members, and a talent scout. Although the player has a good batting average of .350, he is a sophomore and this is the first game of the season. How is a moderate-to-high level of arousal likely to impact his performance?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is likely to impact his performance in a negative way, as he is relatively young and knows he is being judged 
B)  It is likely to impact his performance in a positive way, as he is already a good hitter, and has the support of his coach and family 
C)  It is unlikely to impact his performance either negatively or positively 
D)  Arousal levels do not tend to effect performance unless situations are very high-pressure 
A)  It is likely to impact his performance in a negative way, as he is relatively young and knows he is being judged 
B)  It is likely to impact his performance in a positive way, as he is already a good hitter, and has the support of his coach and family 
C)  It is unlikely to impact his performance either negatively or positively 
D)  Arousal levels do not tend to effect performance unless situations are very high-pressure

Question 20

Home team advantage is supported by social facilitation theory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Compare and contrast the role of anxiety in Drive Theory vs. Inverted U Hypothesis. In your comparison, provide an appropriate example.

According to drive theory, why do athletes who are about to be traded show lower levels of performance than after they are traded?

Why might a researcher choose to use a self-report measure when measuring levels of anxiety of a sports team?

Reversal theory states that performance is impacted by how the athlete:

According to social facilitation theory, what should happen if you are good at a task, you are currently performing that task, and there are people in your presence, observing you?

anxiety describes a behavioral disposition, whereas anxiety is caused by a given situation and is temporary.

An athlete who has the support of their home crowd, no matter their skill level or the difficulty of the situation, will always perform better than players on the visiting team.

Arousal can be both positive and negative.

Precompetitive cognitive anxiety tends to be high and stable leading up to a competition or event, and then may fluctuate during the event.

Athletes who score higher on confidence are more likely to experience flow.

According to the transactional model, an athlete playing in a high-stakes game will still perform well if:

Should scientists trouble over the discrepancy between self-report measures of anxiety and physiological markers of anxiety? Is there a way to reconcile the two?

According to the Inverted U Hypotheses, what should happen to an athlete as their arousal reaches very high levels?

What are symptoms of cognitive anxiety?

Which of the following scenarios may cause an athlete to experience state anxiety?

According to the catastrophe model, what will happen to an athlete who is in a very high pressure situation and is already experiencing high levels of cognitive anxiety, and somatic anxiety starts to occur?

Multidimensional anxiety theory states that peak performance will occur when cognitive state anxiety is moderate and physiological arousal/somatic anxiety is very low.

Somatic anxiety describes anxiety that results from thoughts or concerns.

Home team advantage is supported by social facilitation theory.

Introduction and Research Methods

Personality

Attribution and Cognition

Motivation

Goal Setting

Psychological Skills Training

Aggression

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Team Cohesion

Leadership

Common Issues: Injury and Burnout

Unhealthy Behaviors: Drug Abuse and Disordered Eating

Filters

Exam 6: Arousal and Anxiety

Compare and contrast the role of anxiety in Drive Theory vs. Inverted U Hypothesis. In your comparison, provide an appropriate example.

According to drive theory, why do athletes who are about to be traded show lower levels of performance than after they are traded?

Why might a researcher choose to use a self-report measure when measuring levels of anxiety of a sports team?

Reversal theory states that performance is impacted by how the athlete:

According to social facilitation theory, what should happen if you are good at a task, you are currently performing that task, and there are people in your presence, observing you?

______ anxiety describes a behavioral disposition, whereas ______ anxiety is caused by a given situation and is temporary.

An athlete who has the support of their home crowd, no matter their skill level or the difficulty of the situation, will always perform better than players on the visiting team.

Arousal can be both positive and negative.

Precompetitive cognitive anxiety tends to be high and stable leading up to a competition or event, and then may fluctuate during the event.

Athletes who score higher on confidence are more likely to experience flow.

According to the transactional model, an athlete playing in a high-stakes game will still perform well if:

Should scientists trouble over the discrepancy between self-report measures of anxiety and physiological markers of anxiety? Is there a way to reconcile the two?

According to the Inverted U Hypotheses, what should happen to an athlete as their arousal reaches very high levels?

What are symptoms of cognitive anxiety?

Which of the following scenarios may cause an athlete to experience state anxiety?

According to the catastrophe model, what will happen to an athlete who is in a very high pressure situation and is already experiencing high levels of cognitive anxiety, and somatic anxiety starts to occur?

Multidimensional anxiety theory states that peak performance will occur when cognitive state anxiety is moderate and physiological arousal/somatic anxiety is very low.

Somatic anxiety describes anxiety that results from thoughts or concerns.

Home team advantage is supported by social facilitation theory.

Introduction and Research Methods

Personality

Attribution and Cognition

Motivation

Goal Setting

Psychological Skills Training

Aggression

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Team Cohesion

Leadership

Common Issues: Injury and Burnout

Unhealthy Behaviors: Drug Abuse and Disordered Eating

Filters

anxiety describes a behavioral disposition, whereas anxiety is caused by a given situation and is temporary.