Exam 3: We Die When Entropy Overwhelms Homeostasis

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The higher-brain theory of death posits that an individual is considered dead when there is irreversible loss of functioning in the higher brain, which includes the cerebral cortex. This theory focuses on the cessation of consciousness, self-awareness, and the ability to interact with the environment as the defining criteria for death.

Two alternative views of personhood, human identity, human being, or moral status are the biological view and the relational view. The biological view emphasizes the importance of biological processes and characteristics in defining personhood and human identity. This view often considers the presence of a functioning brain or a certain level of cognitive ability as essential for personhood. On the other hand, the relational view emphasizes the significance of social relationships, connections, and interactions in shaping personhood and human identity. This view suggests that our relationships with others and our impact on the world around us are crucial aspects of what it means to be a person.

When comparing and contrasting these views, it becomes evident that the higher-brain theory of death aligns closely with the biological view, as both emphasize the importance of cognitive functioning and consciousness in defining personhood and death. However, the relational view offers a different perspective by highlighting the significance of social connections and relationships in shaping our identity and moral status.

In evaluating these views, it is important to consider the complexities of human existence and the diverse ways in which individuals experience personhood. While the higher-brain theory of death and the biological view provide a clear and measurable criteria for defining death and personhood, they may overlook the broader aspects of human identity and moral status that are emphasized in the relational view. Ultimately, the most satisfactory view may be one that integrates elements of all three perspectives, recognizing the importance of cognitive functioning, social relationships, and individual experiences in defining personhood and moral status. This integrated approach would provide a more comprehensive understanding of what it means to be human and when death occurs.

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Nair-Collins argues against contemporary death determination practices by challenging the traditional definition of death as the irreversible cessation of circulatory and respiratory functions. He proposes an alternative theory of death as the event when entropy overwhelms homeostasis, which occurs when the body is no longer able to maintain its internal order and organization. According to this theory, death is not a specific moment in time, but rather a process that occurs as the body's systems gradually lose their ability to function cohesively.

Nair-Collins also questions the validity of declaring "brain dead" patients as biologically dead. He argues that while these patients may lack consciousness and the ability to breathe on their own, their bodies are still capable of maintaining homeostasis through artificial life support. Therefore, he contends that "brain dead" patients should be considered biologically alive, despite their lack of brain function.

In evaluating Nair-Collins's arguments, it is important to consider the implications of his proposed theory of death. While his perspective challenges the traditional understanding of death, it raises important ethical and practical questions about end-of-life care and organ donation. If death is viewed as a gradual process rather than a specific moment, how should medical professionals and families approach decisions about withdrawing life support or organ procurement? Additionally, if "brain dead" patients are considered biologically alive, what implications does this have for their medical treatment and legal status?

In considering the success of Nair-Collins's arguments, it is clear that his perspective raises important questions about contemporary death determination practices. However, it is also important to recognize the complexities and practical implications of redefining death. While his arguments may challenge the current understanding of death, it is not clear whether they provide a viable alternative that can be practically implemented in medical and legal contexts.

Contemporary death determination practices can be defended based on their ability to provide clear and objective criteria for determining when an individual has died. The traditional definition of death as the irreversible cessation of circulatory and respiratory functions has been widely accepted and provides a clear and practical framework for medical decision-making and legal considerations. While Nair-Collins's arguments raise important questions about the nature of death, it is important to consider the practical implications and ethical considerations of redefining death in a way that can be effectively applied in medical and legal contexts.