Question 1

While the Inuit are foragers, they do NOT conform to the foraging stereotype because they:

Accepted Answer

A)  hunt and gather. 
B)  break the two-thirds vegetal diet rule (instead, their diet is mainly meat/seafood). 
C)  do not utilize the resources in their environment. 
D)  have a diet that changes with the seasons. 
E)  have time to enjoy family life and leisure pursuits. 
A)  hunt and gather. 
B)  break the two-thirds vegetal diet rule (instead, their diet is mainly meat/seafood). 
C)  do not utilize the resources in their environment. 
D)  have a diet that changes with the seasons. 
E)  have time to enjoy family life and leisure pursuits. B

Question 2

Studies have shown that high rates of intentional co-sleeping are correlated with:

Accepted Answer

A)  high rates of SIDS. 
B)  low rates of SIDS. 
C)  high rates of disordered sleep. 
D)  high rates of infant suffocation. 
E)  low rates of breastfeeding. 
A)  high rates of SIDS. 
B)  low rates of SIDS. 
C)  high rates of disordered sleep. 
D)  high rates of infant suffocation. 
E)  low rates of breastfeeding. B

Question 3

Because it is such a key part of the !Kung diet, the mongongo nut is considered:

Accepted Answer

A)  a macronutrient. 
B)  a subsistence. 
C)  an abundant potentiator. 
D)  a dietary staple. 
E)  Actually, !Kung people don't eat mongongo nuts. 
A)  a macronutrient. 
B)  a subsistence. 
C)  an abundant potentiator. 
D)  a dietary staple. 
E)  Actually, !Kung people don't eat mongongo nuts. D

Question 4

The 'dietary staples' of foragers have mostly been made from:

Accepted Answer

A)  meats, due to their high protein content. 
B)  cereal grains, due to their high carbohydrate content. 
C)  plants. 
D)  carrion or abandoned carcasses left by animal hunters. 
E)  No answer provided is correct. 
A)  meats, due to their high protein content. 
B)  cereal grains, due to their high carbohydrate content. 
C)  plants. 
D)  carrion or abandoned carcasses left by animal hunters. 
E)  No answer provided is correct.

Question 5

Being a 'forager' is the same as being a:

Accepted Answer

A)  browser. 
B)  hunter-gardener. 
C)  hunter-gatherer. 
D)  scavenger. 
E)  farmer. 
A)  browser. 
B)  hunter-gardener. 
C)  hunter-gatherer. 
D)  scavenger. 
E)  farmer.

Question 6

The average work-week of a !Kung person living at Dobe (i.e., time spent in subsistence-related activities) was equal to about ___ of our idealized 40-hour work week/s.

Accepted Answer

A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  one-half 
D)  one-fifth 
E)  nearly three 
A)  one 
B)  two 
C)  one-half 
D)  one-fifth 
E)  nearly three

Question 7

In comparison to meat from domesticated animals, wild game meat (the kind that would have been eaten by our hunter-gatherer ancestors):

Accepted Answer

A)  tastes better no matter what culture you are a member of. 
B)  is much leaner. 
C)  has more juicy fat in it. 
D)  is much less nourishing overall. 
E)  was the major part (proportion) of the hunter-gatherer diet. 
A)  tastes better no matter what culture you are a member of. 
B)  is much leaner. 
C)  has more juicy fat in it. 
D)  is much less nourishing overall. 
E)  was the major part (proportion) of the hunter-gatherer diet.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT an evolved, adaptive behavioral system that enhances human fitness universally?

Accepted Answer

A)  co-sleeping 
B)  breastfeeding 
C)  providing a newborn with a crib and his or her own room 
D)  giving birth prior to an offspring's full maturity 
E)  cooperative breeding or allocare 
A)  co-sleeping 
B)  breastfeeding 
C)  providing a newborn with a crib and his or her own room 
D)  giving birth prior to an offspring's full maturity 
E)  cooperative breeding or allocare

Question 9

'Colostrum' is packed with:

Accepted Answer

A)  antibodies. 
B)  lipids or fats. 
C)  honey. 
D)  marrow. 
E)  toxins. 
A)  antibodies. 
B)  lipids or fats. 
C)  honey. 
D)  marrow. 
E)  toxins.

Question 10

One major reason that !Kung bodies differ Inuit bodies is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  They belong to different racial categories 
B)  One group is not a foraging group 
C)  They live in differing geographic circumstances. 
D)  The !Kung do not have a healthy diet 
E)  The Inuit have little opportunity for physical activity 
A)  They belong to different racial categories 
B)  One group is not a foraging group 
C)  They live in differing geographic circumstances. 
D)  The !Kung do not have a healthy diet 
E)  The Inuit have little opportunity for physical activity

Question 11

In comparison to formula and food-fed infants, breastfed infants have:

Accepted Answer

A)  fewer antibodies and poorer immune function. 
B)  a higher chance for being obese later in life. 
C)  more chance of gastrointestinal distress. 
D)  leaner bodies. 
E)  less protection against bacterial and viral infection. 
A)  fewer antibodies and poorer immune function. 
B)  a higher chance for being obese later in life. 
C)  more chance of gastrointestinal distress. 
D)  leaner bodies. 
E)  less protection against bacterial and viral infection.

Question 12

The average age at which children are weaned from breastmilk in traditional, non-industrial societies is:

Accepted Answer

A)  6 months. 
B)  1 year. 
C)  2.5 years. 
D)  5 years. 
E)  1 month. 
A)  6 months. 
B)  1 year. 
C)  2.5 years. 
D)  5 years. 
E)  1 month.

Question 13

Proteins, carbohydrates and fats are:

Accepted Answer

A)  macronutrients. 
B)  phytochemicals. 
C)  the three most basic nutrients, which cannot be further broken down for digestion. 
D)  unhealthful. 
E)  micronutrients. 
A)  macronutrients. 
B)  phytochemicals. 
C)  the three most basic nutrients, which cannot be further broken down for digestion. 
D)  unhealthful. 
E)  micronutrients.

Question 14

Which of these things does our gut microbiome NOT do:

Accepted Answer

A)  produce certain compounds on which our bodies depend, including some of the enzymes that help us break down food 
B)  keep the gut's lining healthy and fight off certain pathogens 
C)  regulate appetite and immune function 
D)  actually the microbiome does ALL these things 
E)  influence mood as well as affecting food choices 
A)  produce certain compounds on which our bodies depend, including some of the enzymes that help us break down food 
B)  keep the gut's lining healthy and fight off certain pathogens 
C)  regulate appetite and immune function 
D)  actually the microbiome does ALL these things 
E)  influence mood as well as affecting food choices

Question 15

Which of the following groups is at the highest risk of bone loss or fractures due to Vitamin D deficiency?

Accepted Answer

A)  !Kung women with babies 
B)  All forager populations share an equal risk of Vitamin D deficiency. 
C)  Inuit children 
D)  Inuit male hunters 
E)  Inuit women who are breastfeeding 
A)  !Kung women with babies 
B)  All forager populations share an equal risk of Vitamin D deficiency. 
C)  Inuit children 
D)  Inuit male hunters 
E)  Inuit women who are breastfeeding

Question 16

Some populations have the biocultural capacity to drink large amounts of alcohol with few or no problems. Why might this be so?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their ancestors came from areas with plenty of good, clean water, and therefore they had highly developed cultural standards for alcohol use. 
B)  They are genetically more susceptible to intoxication. 
C)  Clean potable water was not often available to their ancestors; those ancestors more capable of metabolizing fermented drink had increased fitness. 
D)  They habituate to it, through binge drinking rituals. 
E)  Actually, no groups are more capable of metabolizing alcohol than other groups. 
A)  Their ancestors came from areas with plenty of good, clean water, and therefore they had highly developed cultural standards for alcohol use. 
B)  They are genetically more susceptible to intoxication. 
C)  Clean potable water was not often available to their ancestors; those ancestors more capable of metabolizing fermented drink had increased fitness. 
D)  They habituate to it, through binge drinking rituals. 
E)  Actually, no groups are more capable of metabolizing alcohol than other groups.

Question 17

Regarding time and effort spent to feed oneself and one's family on a forager diet, Lee discovered (using !Kung data) that:

Accepted Answer

A)  children are expected to forage for themselves from about the age of four. 
B)  men work twice as many hours as women per week. 
C)  both men and women work about 'half time' (compared to the standard US 40-hour work week) to hunt and gather enough food. 
D)  men and women work full time hours per week (c.40 hours) to hunt and gather enough food without assistance from the children and the elderly. 
E)  All answers are wrong; Lee never did any time use studies. 
A)  children are expected to forage for themselves from about the age of four. 
B)  men work twice as many hours as women per week. 
C)  both men and women work about 'half time' (compared to the standard US 40-hour work week) to hunt and gather enough food. 
D)  men and women work full time hours per week (c.40 hours) to hunt and gather enough food without assistance from the children and the elderly. 
E)  All answers are wrong; Lee never did any time use studies.

Question 18

In comparison to today's overall food supply, nutrients in the food supply of the pre-historic hunter-gatherer:

Accepted Answer

A)  had higher 'bioavailability' due to the freshness of much of the food. 
B)  were more likely to be extracted or eliminated during processing. 
C)  are about equal to today's, pound for pound. 
D)  encouraged overeating due to high fat content. 
E)  left many people malnourished even in times of abundance. 
A)  had higher 'bioavailability' due to the freshness of much of the food. 
B)  were more likely to be extracted or eliminated during processing. 
C)  are about equal to today's, pound for pound. 
D)  encouraged overeating due to high fat content. 
E)  left many people malnourished even in times of abundance.

Question 19

According to expert recommendations, even after supplemental foods/liquids are introduced into a baby's diet, breastfeeding should continue until children are at least:

Accepted Answer

A)  4 years old. 
B)  2 years old. 
C)  12 months old. 
D)  6 months old. 
E)  1 year old. 
A)  4 years old. 
B)  2 years old. 
C)  12 months old. 
D)  6 months old. 
E)  1 year old.

Question 20

Which group is biologically programmed for a polyphasic sleep pattern?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infants 
B)  Adolescents 
C)  Pre-teens 
D)  Parents 
E)  Women 
A)  Infants 
B)  Adolescents 
C)  Pre-teens 
D)  Parents 
E)  Women

While the Inuit are foragers, they do NOT conform to the foraging stereotype because they:

Studies have shown that high rates of intentional co-sleeping are correlated with:

Because it is such a key part of the !Kung diet, the mongongo nut is considered:

The 'dietary staples' of foragers have mostly been made from:

Being a 'forager' is the same as being a:

The average work-week of a !Kung person living at Dobe (i.e., time spent in subsistence-related activities) was equal to about ___ of our idealized 40-hour work week/s.

In comparison to meat from domesticated animals, wild game meat (the kind that would have been eaten by our hunter-gatherer ancestors):

Which of the following is NOT an evolved, adaptive behavioral system that enhances human fitness universally?

'Colostrum' is packed with:

One major reason that !Kung bodies differ Inuit bodies is that:

In comparison to formula and food-fed infants, breastfed infants have:

The average age at which children are weaned from breastmilk in traditional, non-industrial societies is:

Proteins, carbohydrates and fats are:

Which of these things does our gut microbiome NOT do:

Which of the following groups is at the highest risk of bone loss or fractures due to Vitamin D deficiency?

Some populations have the biocultural capacity to drink large amounts of alcohol with few or no problems. Why might this be so?

Regarding time and effort spent to feed oneself and one's family on a forager diet, Lee discovered (using !Kung data) that:

In comparison to today's overall food supply, nutrients in the food supply of the pre-historic hunter-gatherer:

According to expert recommendations, even after supplemental foods/liquids are introduced into a baby's diet, breastfeeding should continue until children are at least:

Which group is biologically programmed for a polyphasic sleep pattern?

Anthropology and Complexity

Genetic Adaptation

Developmental Adjustment and Epigenetic Change

Emergence of Culture and People Like Us

Global Expansion, Human Variation, and the Invention of Race

Agricultural Revolution

Epidemics and Immunities

Political Economy of Health Disparities

Stress, Meaning, and Health

Culture in Practice

Body Ideals and Outcomes

Kinship

Conclusion

Filters

Exam 6: Foraging

While the Inuit are foragers, they do NOT conform to the foraging stereotype because they:

Studies have shown that high rates of intentional co-sleeping are correlated with:

Because it is such a key part of the !Kung diet, the mongongo nut is considered:

The 'dietary staples' of foragers have mostly been made from:

Being a 'forager' is the same as being a:

The average work-week of a !Kung person living at Dobe (i.e., time spent in subsistence-related activities) was equal to about ___ of our idealized 40-hour work week/s.

In comparison to meat from domesticated animals, wild game meat (the kind that would have been eaten by our hunter-gatherer ancestors):

Which of the following is NOT an evolved, adaptive behavioral system that enhances human fitness universally?

'Colostrum' is packed with:

One major reason that !Kung bodies differ Inuit bodies is that:

In comparison to formula and food-fed infants, breastfed infants have:

The average age at which children are weaned from breastmilk in traditional, non-industrial societies is:

Proteins, carbohydrates and fats are:

Which of these things does our gut microbiome NOT do:

Which of the following groups is at the highest risk of bone loss or fractures due to Vitamin D deficiency?

Some populations have the biocultural capacity to drink large amounts of alcohol with few or no problems. Why might this be so?

Regarding time and effort spent to feed oneself and one's family on a forager diet, Lee discovered (using !Kung data) that:

In comparison to today's overall food supply, nutrients in the food supply of the pre-historic hunter-gatherer:

According to expert recommendations, even after supplemental foods/liquids are introduced into a baby's diet, breastfeeding should continue until children are at least:

Which group is biologically programmed for a polyphasic sleep pattern?

Anthropology and Complexity

Genetic Adaptation

Developmental Adjustment and Epigenetic Change

Emergence of Culture and People Like Us

Global Expansion, Human Variation, and the Invention of Race

Agricultural Revolution

Epidemics and Immunities

Political Economy of Health Disparities

Stress, Meaning, and Health

Culture in Practice

Body Ideals and Outcomes

Kinship

Conclusion

Filters