Question 1

Which of the following is NOT true in regard to the bubonic plague of the middle ages?

Accepted Answer

A)  The rats were reservoir hosts. 
B)  The fleas were vectors. 
C)  The rats were vectors. 
D)  Bubonic plague spread through trade. 
E)  Bubonic plague was infectious. 
A)  The rats were reservoir hosts. 
B)  The fleas were vectors. 
C)  The rats were vectors. 
D)  Bubonic plague spread through trade. 
E)  Bubonic plague was infectious. C

Question 2

Which of the following can support pathogen 'attenuation'?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vaccination 
B)  Sanitation 
C)  Genetic adaptation in the host 
D)  New hygiene habits such as mask-wearing 
E)  These all may support attenuation. 
A)  Vaccination 
B)  Sanitation 
C)  Genetic adaptation in the host 
D)  New hygiene habits such as mask-wearing 
E)  These all may support attenuation. E

Question 3

Which immune system cells eat or ingest invaders (pathogens)?

Accepted Answer

A)  phagocytes 
B)  antigens 
C)  antibodies 
D)  leukocytes 
E)  lymphocytes 
A)  phagocytes 
B)  antigens 
C)  antibodies 
D)  leukocytes 
E)  lymphocytes A,D

Question 4

Chickenpox is (given current rates of vaccination) an example of an _______ disease.

Accepted Answer

A)  epidemic 
B)  endemic 
C)  pandemic 
D)  syndemic 
E)  chronic 
A)  epidemic 
B)  endemic 
C)  pandemic 
D)  syndemic 
E)  chronic

Question 5

The structure regulating nutrient and fluid flow across the lining of the intestine is a/an:

Accepted Answer

A)  antigen 
B)  leukocyte 
C)  helminth 
D)  transmembrane conductance regulator or TR 
E)  maladaptive response to polluted water 
A)  antigen 
B)  leukocyte 
C)  helminth 
D)  transmembrane conductance regulator or TR 
E)  maladaptive response to polluted water

Question 6

What advantage does a germ have by 'attenuating'?

Accepted Answer

A)  It will be able to kill the host faster. 
B)  It can stay for a longer period of time in the host, ensuring that a host will not survive. 
C)  It allows a larger number of hosts to survive, which in turn can supply the germ with a larger population of potential hosts as well as more transmission time. 
D)  It will be able to take more nutrients from its host, allowing it to be more successful in reproducing more germs. 
E)  It maximizes its impact on the host to speed up incubation and the appearance of syptoms. 
A)  It will be able to kill the host faster. 
B)  It can stay for a longer period of time in the host, ensuring that a host will not survive. 
C)  It allows a larger number of hosts to survive, which in turn can supply the germ with a larger population of potential hosts as well as more transmission time. 
D)  It will be able to take more nutrients from its host, allowing it to be more successful in reproducing more germs. 
E)  It maximizes its impact on the host to speed up incubation and the appearance of syptoms.

Question 7

_______ has been directly associated with the recent rise in asthma rates.

Accepted Answer

A)  Soil depletion 
B)  The misuse of DOT medication regimens 
C)  Our contaminated water supply 
D)  The high numbers of bug particles now found in peanut butter 
E)  Over-sanitation (hyper-hygiene, hyper-sanitation) 
A)  Soil depletion 
B)  The misuse of DOT medication regimens 
C)  Our contaminated water supply 
D)  The high numbers of bug particles now found in peanut butter 
E)  Over-sanitation (hyper-hygiene, hyper-sanitation)

Question 8

Firmly establishing 'herd immunity' or 'community immunity' in a population requires

Accepted Answer

A)  vaccinating the bulk of a community so that those who cannot be vaccinated and have weak immune systems have a very low likelihood of exposure 
B)  social marketing to the crowd 
C)  vaccinating those people who are at risk for the disease in question 
D)  eradicating zoonotic diseases before they can infect humans 
E)  use of sheep plasma in vaccine preparation 
A)  vaccinating the bulk of a community so that those who cannot be vaccinated and have weak immune systems have a very low likelihood of exposure 
B)  social marketing to the crowd 
C)  vaccinating those people who are at risk for the disease in question 
D)  eradicating zoonotic diseases before they can infect humans 
E)  use of sheep plasma in vaccine preparation

Question 9

Technically speaking, the immunity that an infant gets from breastfeeding is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  passive immunity. 
B)  active immunity. 
C)  antigen protein immunity. 
D)  adaptive immunity. 
E)  innate immunity. 
A)  passive immunity. 
B)  active immunity. 
C)  antigen protein immunity. 
D)  adaptive immunity. 
E)  innate immunity.

Question 10

An infant acquiring antibodies through breast milk from breastfeeding is an example of which kind of immunity?

Accepted Answer

A)  complete immunity 
B)  passive immunity 
C)  innate immunity 
D)  adaptive immunity 
E)  external immunity 
A)  complete immunity 
B)  passive immunity 
C)  innate immunity 
D)  adaptive immunity 
E)  external immunity

Question 11

Which of the following happens in the next generation after exposure to a disease at the population level?

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptive immunity 
B)  innate immunity 
C)  passive immunity 
D)  jural immunity 
E)  community immunity 
A)  adaptive immunity 
B)  innate immunity 
C)  passive immunity 
D)  jural immunity 
E)  community immunity

Question 12

Extending the Red Queen metaphor to explain the effects that adopting an agricultural lifestyle has on human biocultural experience highlights:

Accepted Answer

A)  how, to survive, our ancestors had to constantly adapt to the side effects brought about by adopting agriculture. 
B)  the inapplicability of the 'niche construction' concept. 
C)  the stability of the environment. 
D)  how power struggles over who will rule a group drive social change. 
E)  the real division between nature and nurture. 
A)  how, to survive, our ancestors had to constantly adapt to the side effects brought about by adopting agriculture. 
B)  the inapplicability of the 'niche construction' concept. 
C)  the stability of the environment. 
D)  how power struggles over who will rule a group drive social change. 
E)  the real division between nature and nurture.

Question 13

Some people reject immunizations due to an infamous but fraudulent (faked) study that:

Accepted Answer

A)  linked smallpox to childhood immunization practices. 
B)  found that cowpox exposure helps people to fight off smallpox. 
C)  falsely linked autism to childhood immunization practices. 
D)  found a link between childhood immunization and death. 
E)  linked immunizations to loss of intelligence. 
A)  linked smallpox to childhood immunization practices. 
B)  found that cowpox exposure helps people to fight off smallpox. 
C)  falsely linked autism to childhood immunization practices. 
D)  found a link between childhood immunization and death. 
E)  linked immunizations to loss of intelligence.

Question 14

What is the difference between 'passive' and 'adaptive' immunity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Passive immunity belongs to the individual at birth; adaptive immunity is acquired afterwards. 
B)  Passive immunity is gained from breastmilk; adaptive immunity is gained after exposure to a germ through inoculation or vaccination. 
C)  Passive immunity may be shaped by exposure to disease; adaptive immunity is built to resist such diseases in the first place. 
D)  Passive immunity is epigenetic; adaptive immunity is genetically inherited. 
E)  Passive immunity is genetically inherited; adaptive immunity is epigenetic. 
A)  Passive immunity belongs to the individual at birth; adaptive immunity is acquired afterwards. 
B)  Passive immunity is gained from breastmilk; adaptive immunity is gained after exposure to a germ through inoculation or vaccination. 
C)  Passive immunity may be shaped by exposure to disease; adaptive immunity is built to resist such diseases in the first place. 
D)  Passive immunity is epigenetic; adaptive immunity is genetically inherited. 
E)  Passive immunity is genetically inherited; adaptive immunity is epigenetic.

Question 15

Science suggests that the gene that regulates cystic fibrosis TRs or CFTRs evolved in northern European populations:

Accepted Answer

A)  due to their close proximity to livestock animals. 
B)  as part of a balanced polymorphism that protected the majority against death by cholera. 
C)  following their regression back to foraging from farming. 
D)  as an adaptive response to smallpox. 
E)  None of the answers is right, because it was first seen in people of Canadian, French, Tanzanian, and Romanian descent. 
A)  due to their close proximity to livestock animals. 
B)  as part of a balanced polymorphism that protected the majority against death by cholera. 
C)  following their regression back to foraging from farming. 
D)  as an adaptive response to smallpox. 
E)  None of the answers is right, because it was first seen in people of Canadian, French, Tanzanian, and Romanian descent.

Question 16

People who ______ can be somewhat protected from smallpox.

Accepted Answer

A)  have no exposure to cowpox 
B)  stay away from farm animals 
C)  raise llamas and whose ancestors raised llamas 
D)  raise cattle and whose ancestors raised cattle 
E)  use mosquito repellent and drain standing water 
A)  have no exposure to cowpox 
B)  stay away from farm animals 
C)  raise llamas and whose ancestors raised llamas 
D)  raise cattle and whose ancestors raised cattle 
E)  use mosquito repellent and drain standing water

Question 17

'Disease ecology' is best defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)  a perspective that focuses on the influence of geopolitical relations, power structures, and political economy on the spread of disease. 
B)  a close-up perspective on the immediate or proximal environment and context in which germs spread. 
C)  a broad perspective that looks at how societies are linked. 
D)  a perspective that is more ecological and therefore more focused on conservation of diverse species. 
E)  a close-up perspective on what threatens an ecosystem. 
A)  a perspective that focuses on the influence of geopolitical relations, power structures, and political economy on the spread of disease. 
B)  a close-up perspective on the immediate or proximal environment and context in which germs spread. 
C)  a broad perspective that looks at how societies are linked. 
D)  a perspective that is more ecological and therefore more focused on conservation of diverse species. 
E)  a close-up perspective on what threatens an ecosystem.

Question 18

The 'epidemiological triangle' demonstrates:

Accepted Answer

A)  the multidirectional relationships between a host, an agent, and an environment. 
B)  the hierarchical relationships between reservoirs, hosts, and toxins. 
C)  the multidirectional relationships between environments, agents, and sanitation. 
D)  the dynamic relationship between biology, culture, and environment. 
E)  the co-evolutionary link between humans, animals, and plants. 
A)  the multidirectional relationships between a host, an agent, and an environment. 
B)  the hierarchical relationships between reservoirs, hosts, and toxins. 
C)  the multidirectional relationships between environments, agents, and sanitation. 
D)  the dynamic relationship between biology, culture, and environment. 
E)  the co-evolutionary link between humans, animals, and plants.

Question 19

Llamas may have been a poor source of harmful pathogens for native South Americans in part because people:

Accepted Answer

A)  shared close quarters with llamas. 
B)  drank llama milk. 
C)  kept very large llama herds. 
D)  kept their distance from the llamas, relatively speaking. 
E)  did not keep llamas; they kept cows. 
A)  shared close quarters with llamas. 
B)  drank llama milk. 
C)  kept very large llama herds. 
D)  kept their distance from the llamas, relatively speaking. 
E)  did not keep llamas; they kept cows.

Question 20

'Phagocytes' and 'lymphocytes' are two types of:

Accepted Answer

A)  epidemes. 
B)  antigens. 
C)  antibodies. 
D)  leukocytes. 
E)  hemoglobin. 
A)  epidemes. 
B)  antigens. 
C)  antibodies. 
D)  leukocytes. 
E)  hemoglobin.

Which of the following is NOT true in regard to the bubonic plague of the middle ages?

Which of the following can support pathogen 'attenuation'?

Which immune system cells eat or ingest invaders (pathogens)?

Chickenpox is (given current rates of vaccination) an example of an _______ disease.

The structure regulating nutrient and fluid flow across the lining of the intestine is a/an:

What advantage does a germ have by 'attenuating'?

_______ has been directly associated with the recent rise in asthma rates.

Firmly establishing 'herd immunity' or 'community immunity' in a population requires

Technically speaking, the immunity that an infant gets from breastfeeding is called:

An infant acquiring antibodies through breast milk from breastfeeding is an example of which kind of immunity?

Which of the following happens in the next generation after exposure to a disease at the population level?

Extending the Red Queen metaphor to explain the effects that adopting an agricultural lifestyle has on human biocultural experience highlights:

Some people reject immunizations due to an infamous but fraudulent (faked) study that:

What is the difference between 'passive' and 'adaptive' immunity?

Science suggests that the gene that regulates cystic fibrosis TRs or CFTRs evolved in northern European populations:

People who ______ can be somewhat protected from smallpox.

'Disease ecology' is best defined as:

The 'epidemiological triangle' demonstrates:

Llamas may have been a poor source of harmful pathogens for native South Americans in part because people:

'Phagocytes' and 'lymphocytes' are two types of:

Anthropology and Complexity

Genetic Adaptation

Developmental Adjustment and Epigenetic Change

Emergence of Culture and People Like Us

Global Expansion, Human Variation, and the Invention of Race

Foraging

Agricultural Revolution

Political Economy of Health Disparities

Stress, Meaning, and Health

Culture in Practice

Body Ideals and Outcomes

Kinship

Conclusion

Filters

Exam 8: Epidemics and Immunities

Which of the following is NOT true in regard to the bubonic plague of the middle ages?

Which of the following can support pathogen 'attenuation'?

Which immune system cells eat or ingest invaders (pathogens)?

Chickenpox is (given current rates of vaccination) an example of an _______ disease.

The structure regulating nutrient and fluid flow across the lining of the intestine is a/an:

What advantage does a germ have by 'attenuating'?

_______ has been directly associated with the recent rise in asthma rates.

Firmly establishing 'herd immunity' or 'community immunity' in a population requires

Technically speaking, the immunity that an infant gets from breastfeeding is called:

An infant acquiring antibodies through breast milk from breastfeeding is an example of which kind of immunity?

Which of the following happens in the next generation after exposure to a disease at the population level?

Extending the Red Queen metaphor to explain the effects that adopting an agricultural lifestyle has on human biocultural experience highlights:

Some people reject immunizations due to an infamous but fraudulent (faked) study that:

What is the difference between 'passive' and 'adaptive' immunity?

Science suggests that the gene that regulates cystic fibrosis TRs or CFTRs evolved in northern European populations:

People who ______ can be somewhat protected from smallpox.

'Disease ecology' is best defined as:

The 'epidemiological triangle' demonstrates:

Llamas may have been a poor source of harmful pathogens for native South Americans in part because people:

'Phagocytes' and 'lymphocytes' are two types of:

Anthropology and Complexity

Genetic Adaptation

Developmental Adjustment and Epigenetic Change

Emergence of Culture and People Like Us

Global Expansion, Human Variation, and the Invention of Race

Foraging

Agricultural Revolution

Political Economy of Health Disparities

Stress, Meaning, and Health

Culture in Practice

Body Ideals and Outcomes

Kinship

Conclusion

Filters