Question 1

Which of the following is most important for creating species-to-species differences?

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acids 
B)  DNA 
C)  diverse pattern and order of genes. 
D)  genomic strands 
E)  alleles 
A)  amino acids 
B)  DNA 
C)  diverse pattern and order of genes. 
D)  genomic strands 
E)  alleles C

Question 2

The 'epigenome' is best thought of as:

Accepted Answer

A)  biochemical reactions that surround and regulate the expression of our genes. 
B)  an invention of quacks. 
C)  the library of genetic types kept in our nation's laboratories. 
D)  the biosphere. 
E)  the environment in which a person lives his or her life. 
A)  biochemical reactions that surround and regulate the expression of our genes. 
B)  an invention of quacks. 
C)  the library of genetic types kept in our nation's laboratories. 
D)  the biosphere. 
E)  the environment in which a person lives his or her life. A

Question 3

The layer of biochemical reactions surrounding and regulating the expression of our genes is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  the phenotype layer. 
B)  the epigenome. 
C)  the bicultural layer. 
D)  an allele. 
E)  the genome. 
A)  the phenotype layer. 
B)  the epigenome. 
C)  the bicultural layer. 
D)  an allele. 
E)  the genome. B

Question 4

What do we call an irreversible change to an organism's growth or biochemical processes that occurs during development in response to environmental conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  developmental adjustment 
B)  developmental cycle 
C)  life cycle 
D)  adjusted change 
E)  adaptive development 
A)  developmental adjustment 
B)  developmental cycle 
C)  life cycle 
D)  adjusted change 
E)  adaptive development

Question 5

Which of the following shows that a baby duckling's instincts depend to at least some degree on environmental cues?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ducks always follow their mothers. 
B)  Ducks follow the first moving body they see. 
C)  Even if a duck's vocal cords are cut before it hatches, it will always prefer to follow its own mother. 
D)  Ducks will only follow other ducks. 
E)  Ducks made to hatch in a laboratory at night always become nocturnal. 
A)  Ducks always follow their mothers. 
B)  Ducks follow the first moving body they see. 
C)  Even if a duck's vocal cords are cut before it hatches, it will always prefer to follow its own mother. 
D)  Ducks will only follow other ducks. 
E)  Ducks made to hatch in a laboratory at night always become nocturnal.

Question 6

(genotype + epigenome) × environment =

Accepted Answer

A)  time. 
B)  energy. 
C)  phenotype. 
D)  transgenerational change. 
E)  information. 
A)  time. 
B)  energy. 
C)  phenotype. 
D)  transgenerational change. 
E)  information.

Question 7

What does NOT account for the difference between a human head and a gorilla head?

Accepted Answer

A)  the great lack of overlap between the human genome and the gorilla genome 
B)  differences in the pattern and order of gene activity 
C)  differences in the timing of growth 
D)  differences in gene regulation 
E)  differences in duration and direction of bone growth 
A)  the great lack of overlap between the human genome and the gorilla genome 
B)  differences in the pattern and order of gene activity 
C)  differences in the timing of growth 
D)  differences in gene regulation 
E)  differences in duration and direction of bone growth

Question 8

According to Thomas Kuhn (who wrote about how science works), scientific cultures are normally very:

Accepted Answer

A)  culturally conservative (driven by tradition and habit). 
B)  radical and open to 'the new.' 
C)  gradualist (advancing knowledge in steady small steps over time). 
D)  faith-based. 
E)  relativist. 
A)  culturally conservative (driven by tradition and habit). 
B)  radical and open to 'the new.' 
C)  gradualist (advancing knowledge in steady small steps over time). 
D)  faith-based. 
E)  relativist.

Question 9

Which equation best describes how 'phenotypes' are created?

Accepted Answer

A)  genotype + environment 
B)  genotype + epigenome 
C)  (genotype + epigenome) x environment. 
D)  phenotype + epigenome + environment 
E)  (genotype - epigenome) x environment 
A)  genotype + environment 
B)  genotype + epigenome 
C)  (genotype + epigenome) x environment. 
D)  phenotype + epigenome + environment 
E)  (genotype - epigenome) x environment

Question 10

Complete the following sentence: "Epigenetic research has proved that human biocultural diversity is much than scientists previously thought."

Accepted Answer

A)  simpler, more straightforward 
B)  more fluid, plastic 
C)  more static, immovable 
D)  less variable or diverse 
E)  more clear-cut. 
A)  simpler, more straightforward 
B)  more fluid, plastic 
C)  more static, immovable 
D)  less variable or diverse 
E)  more clear-cut.

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding the differences between the genome and the epigenome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Epigenetic variation is responsible for within-species differences, while genetic variation is responsible for between-species differences. 
B)  The epigenome is responsible for gathering proteins as directed by the genome. 
C)  The epigenome is subject to changes throughout the lifespan, while the genome itself is effectively constant. 
D)  Genetic changes can be passed down to offspring, while epigenetic changes cannot. 
E)  Scientists have known about these differences since well before Darwin's time. 
A)  Epigenetic variation is responsible for within-species differences, while genetic variation is responsible for between-species differences. 
B)  The epigenome is responsible for gathering proteins as directed by the genome. 
C)  The epigenome is subject to changes throughout the lifespan, while the genome itself is effectively constant. 
D)  Genetic changes can be passed down to offspring, while epigenetic changes cannot. 
E)  Scientists have known about these differences since well before Darwin's time.

Question 12

Which of the following is the best example of a 'paradigm shift'?

Accepted Answer

A)  when science slowly and progressively rejected the idea that the earth is round 
B)  normal science 
C)  the assumption that strange findings reflect broken equipment or a mistake in the analysis 
D)  the recent switch from the understanding that genes are blueprints to the understanding that genes can be switched on and off 
E)  falsification of data 
A)  when science slowly and progressively rejected the idea that the earth is round 
B)  normal science 
C)  the assumption that strange findings reflect broken equipment or a mistake in the analysis 
D)  the recent switch from the understanding that genes are blueprints to the understanding that genes can be switched on and off 
E)  falsification of data

Question 13

Where food is in short supply, it is more immediately advantageous for a child to:

Accepted Answer

A)  stay small. 
B)  grow tall. 
C)  grow longer arms. 
D)  grow a bigger chest. 
E)  maintain lower hemoglobin levels. 
A)  stay small. 
B)  grow tall. 
C)  grow longer arms. 
D)  grow a bigger chest. 
E)  maintain lower hemoglobin levels.

Question 14

Mapping the human genome revealed:

Accepted Answer

A)  that humans have vastly more genes than any other species. 
B)  that more genes means more complexity. 
C)  that human genes are not very different from those of other mammals. 
D)  a link between the number of genes a species has and its intelligence. 
E)  that RNA works in the same way no matter what species is under consideration. 
A)  that humans have vastly more genes than any other species. 
B)  that more genes means more complexity. 
C)  that human genes are not very different from those of other mammals. 
D)  a link between the number of genes a species has and its intelligence. 
E)  that RNA works in the same way no matter what species is under consideration.

Question 15

What environmental cue makes ducklings follow their mothers or 'imprints' her image on their minds?

Accepted Answer

A)  they hear them calling when still in the egg and recognize the call once hatched 
B)  their moms are usually the first moving thing they see 
C)  they understand how hard it is to sit on eggs all day 
D)  hunger 
E)  scent 
A)  they hear them calling when still in the egg and recognize the call once hatched 
B)  their moms are usually the first moving thing they see 
C)  they understand how hard it is to sit on eggs all day 
D)  hunger 
E)  scent

Question 16

Mayan refugees to the USA today and European immigrants in the 1800s and early 1900s are taller than those who stayed home. Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  in the USA there was/is more abundant food and better drinking water 
B)  they interbred with those already here in the USA 
C)  this is a trick question: they are not taller 
D)  with less adequate food, their bodies prioritized organ development over height 
E)  more exercise 
A)  in the USA there was/is more abundant food and better drinking water 
B)  they interbred with those already here in the USA 
C)  this is a trick question: they are not taller 
D)  with less adequate food, their bodies prioritized organ development over height 
E)  more exercise

Question 17

When it comes to DNA, chimpanzees and humans...

Accepted Answer

A)  differ by one incredibly sophisticated chromosome that is found in humans but not chimpanzees. 
B)  differ by only about 1% 
C)  are 100% the same 
D)  are vastly different: we share only 30% of our DNA with chimpanzees. 
E)  have not yet been compared 
A)  differ by one incredibly sophisticated chromosome that is found in humans but not chimpanzees. 
B)  differ by only about 1% 
C)  are 100% the same 
D)  are vastly different: we share only 30% of our DNA with chimpanzees. 
E)  have not yet been compared

Question 18

Which of the following is innate, always adaptive, caused by natural selection, and realized in the next generation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Developmental adjustment 
B)  Genetic adaption 
C)  Epigenetic change 
D)  Transgenerational epigenetic change 
E)  Epigenetic adaptation 
A)  Developmental adjustment 
B)  Genetic adaption 
C)  Epigenetic change 
D)  Transgenerational epigenetic change 
E)  Epigenetic adaptation

Question 19

Immigrants to the United States who have had children here and in their home nations have seen that the US-born children are bigger and taller. Which of the following is NEVER a reason for this?

Accepted Answer

A)  access to safe drinking water 
B)  access to a reliable food supply 
C)  genotypic changes 
D)  developmental adjustment 
E)  epigenetic adjustment 
A)  access to safe drinking water 
B)  access to a reliable food supply 
C)  genotypic changes 
D)  developmental adjustment 
E)  epigenetic adjustment

Question 20

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genetic adaptations may be passed down to subsequent generations. 
B)  Developmental adjustments, but NOT transgenerational epigenetic changes, may be passed down to subsequent generations. 
C)  Epigenetic changes, but NOT genetic adaptations, may be passed down to subsequent generations. 
D)  Neither epigenetic changes nor genetic adaptations may be passed down to subsequent generations. 
E)  Epigenetic changes and developmental adjustments are both passed down to subsequent generations. 
A)  Genetic adaptations may be passed down to subsequent generations. 
B)  Developmental adjustments, but NOT transgenerational epigenetic changes, may be passed down to subsequent generations. 
C)  Epigenetic changes, but NOT genetic adaptations, may be passed down to subsequent generations. 
D)  Neither epigenetic changes nor genetic adaptations may be passed down to subsequent generations. 
E)  Epigenetic changes and developmental adjustments are both passed down to subsequent generations.

Which of the following is most important for creating species-to-species differences?

The 'epigenome' is best thought of as:

The layer of biochemical reactions surrounding and regulating the expression of our genes is known as:

What do we call an irreversible change to an organism's growth or biochemical processes that occurs during development in response to environmental conditions?

Which of the following shows that a baby duckling's instincts depend to at least some degree on environmental cues?

(genotype + epigenome) × environment =

What does NOT account for the difference between a human head and a gorilla head?

According to Thomas Kuhn (who wrote about how science works), scientific cultures are normally very:

Which equation best describes how 'phenotypes' are created?

Complete the following sentence: "Epigenetic research has proved that human biocultural diversity is much than scientists previously thought."

Which of the following is true regarding the differences between the genome and the epigenome?

Which of the following is the best example of a 'paradigm shift'?

Where food is in short supply, it is more immediately advantageous for a child to:

Mapping the human genome revealed:

What environmental cue makes ducklings follow their mothers or 'imprints' her image on their minds?

Mayan refugees to the USA today and European immigrants in the 1800s and early 1900s are taller than those who stayed home. Why?

When it comes to DNA, chimpanzees and humans...

Which of the following is innate, always adaptive, caused by natural selection, and realized in the next generation?

Immigrants to the United States who have had children here and in their home nations have seen that the US-born children are bigger and taller. Which of the following is NEVER a reason for this?

Which of the following is true?

Anthropology and Complexity

Genetic Adaptation

Emergence of Culture and People Like Us

Global Expansion, Human Variation, and the Invention of Race

Foraging

Agricultural Revolution

Epidemics and Immunities

Political Economy of Health Disparities

Stress, Meaning, and Health

Culture in Practice

Body Ideals and Outcomes

Kinship

Conclusion

Filters

Exam 3: Developmental Adjustment and Epigenetic Change

Which of the following is most important for creating species-to-species differences?

The 'epigenome' is best thought of as:

The layer of biochemical reactions surrounding and regulating the expression of our genes is known as:

What do we call an irreversible change to an organism's growth or biochemical processes that occurs during development in response to environmental conditions?

Which of the following shows that a baby duckling's instincts depend to at least some degree on environmental cues?

(genotype + epigenome) × environment =

What does NOT account for the difference between a human head and a gorilla head?

According to Thomas Kuhn (who wrote about how science works), scientific cultures are normally very:

Which equation best describes how 'phenotypes' are created?

Complete the following sentence: "Epigenetic research has proved that human biocultural diversity is much than scientists previously thought."

Which of the following is true regarding the differences between the genome and the epigenome?

Which of the following is the best example of a 'paradigm shift'?

Where food is in short supply, it is more immediately advantageous for a child to:

Mapping the human genome revealed:

What environmental cue makes ducklings follow their mothers or 'imprints' her image on their minds?

Mayan refugees to the USA today and European immigrants in the 1800s and early 1900s are taller than those who stayed home. Why?

When it comes to DNA, chimpanzees and humans...

Which of the following is innate, always adaptive, caused by natural selection, and realized in the next generation?

Immigrants to the United States who have had children here and in their home nations have seen that the US-born children are bigger and taller. Which of the following is NEVER a reason for this?

Which of the following is true?

Anthropology and Complexity

Genetic Adaptation

Emergence of Culture and People Like Us

Global Expansion, Human Variation, and the Invention of Race

Foraging

Agricultural Revolution

Epidemics and Immunities

Political Economy of Health Disparities

Stress, Meaning, and Health

Culture in Practice

Body Ideals and Outcomes

Kinship

Conclusion

Filters