Question 1

Why were White people called 'Caucasians' in Blumenbach's racial typology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blumenbach thought that light-skinned people from the Caucasus Mountains (in Georgia/Eurasia) looked the most like Adam and Eve would had looked. 
B)  Caucasia is the opposite of melanin; accordingly, it leads to whiter skin. 
C)  Caucasus is one of the four elements that matched up with the four cardinal directions (north, south, east, west) and therefore with the four races. 
D)  Blumenbach himself was from a village in the Caucasus region. 
E)  Blumenbach's patron (sponsor) was from Mount Caucasus. 
A)  Blumenbach thought that light-skinned people from the Caucasus Mountains (in Georgia/Eurasia) looked the most like Adam and Eve would had looked. 
B)  Caucasia is the opposite of melanin; accordingly, it leads to whiter skin. 
C)  Caucasus is one of the four elements that matched up with the four cardinal directions (north, south, east, west) and therefore with the four races. 
D)  Blumenbach himself was from a village in the Caucasus region. 
E)  Blumenbach's patron (sponsor) was from Mount Caucasus. A

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of 'nonconcordance'?

Accepted Answer

A)  Traits associated with one race often are found in people assigned to another. 
B)  Traits associated with one race are not always found together in a predictable pattern in members of that race. 
C)  Traits associated with one race are found always together, only among members of that race. 
D)  Particular traits can be predicted to occur among people with a very specific ancestral background. 
E)  All whites look alike. 
A)  Traits associated with one race often are found in people assigned to another. 
B)  Traits associated with one race are not always found together in a predictable pattern in members of that race. 
C)  Traits associated with one race are found always together, only among members of that race. 
D)  Particular traits can be predicted to occur among people with a very specific ancestral background. 
E)  All whites look alike. B

Question 3

What characterizes the 'multiregional metapopulation model' of human evolution that now dominates scientific thinking about our evolutionary past?

Accepted Answer

A)  Human subpopulations diverged and interbred with other subpopulations, periodically passing genes back and forth so that no group diverged enough for speciation (macroevolution) to occur 
B)  Homo sapiens came into being in a number of regions, separately, and evolved in a parallel way. 
C)  Humans who left Africa early were killed off by subsequent waves of more highly-evolved migrants 
D)  Subpopulations separated long ago and evolved into the five distinct races we now know today 
E)  Human beings can live anywhere. 
A)  Human subpopulations diverged and interbred with other subpopulations, periodically passing genes back and forth so that no group diverged enough for speciation (macroevolution) to occur 
B)  Homo sapiens came into being in a number of regions, separately, and evolved in a parallel way. 
C)  Humans who left Africa early were killed off by subsequent waves of more highly-evolved migrants 
D)  Subpopulations separated long ago and evolved into the five distinct races we now know today 
E)  Human beings can live anywhere. A

Question 4

Head size, blood type, the ability to cope with large amounts of alcohol, and sickle cell anemia have what in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are all highly susceptible to epigenetic adaptation. 
B)  They were all originally distributed in easy-to-see geographic clines. 
C)  They are all associated with anthropogenic diseases. 
D)  Each is commonly found near the equator. 
E)  They are all racially concordant. 
A)  They are all highly susceptible to epigenetic adaptation. 
B)  They were all originally distributed in easy-to-see geographic clines. 
C)  They are all associated with anthropogenic diseases. 
D)  Each is commonly found near the equator. 
E)  They are all racially concordant.

Question 5

Which of the following traits is not 'concordant' with the other traits listed?

Accepted Answer

A)  hair texture 
B)  skin color 
C)  nose shape 
D)  fingerprint pattern 
E)  None of the traits on this list co-occur with regularity. 
A)  hair texture 
B)  skin color 
C)  nose shape 
D)  fingerprint pattern 
E)  None of the traits on this list co-occur with regularity.

Question 6

Lactose tolerance:

Accepted Answer

A)  was selected for in certain populations after Homo sapiens sapiens began to spread globally. 
B)  was common in our earliest Homo sapiens sapiens ancestors. 
C)  is a trait common to all high-altitude mountain dwellers. 
D)  never offered any selective advantage to anyone. 
E)  is necessary for the efficient digestion of alcohol and grain-based food items. 
A)  was selected for in certain populations after Homo sapiens sapiens began to spread globally. 
B)  was common in our earliest Homo sapiens sapiens ancestors. 
C)  is a trait common to all high-altitude mountain dwellers. 
D)  never offered any selective advantage to anyone. 
E)  is necessary for the efficient digestion of alcohol and grain-based food items.

Question 7

Prior to the very late 1700s in Europe, and so according to Linnaeus's scheme, differences between what later became seen as 'races' were:

Accepted Answer

A)  fit into pre-existing conceptual models of personality or character (temperament). 
B)  mapped onto the cardinal directions (north, south, east, and west). 
C)  linked with the four most basic colors recognized (red, white, black, and yellow). 
D)  ranked hierarchically. 
E)  All of the answers except for 'ranked hierarchically' are right. 
A)  fit into pre-existing conceptual models of personality or character (temperament). 
B)  mapped onto the cardinal directions (north, south, east, and west). 
C)  linked with the four most basic colors recognized (red, white, black, and yellow). 
D)  ranked hierarchically. 
E)  All of the answers except for 'ranked hierarchically' are right.

Question 8

How is 'ethnicity' different from 'race'?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ethnicities are racial subgroups. 
B)  'Race' refers to biology only while 'ethnicity' refers to ideas about shared culture or shared national or regional origins. 
C)  Ethnicity hinges upon a person's genetic makeup 
D)  Both are biological 
E)  'Ethnicity' is the scientific term for 'race.' 
A)  Ethnicities are racial subgroups. 
B)  'Race' refers to biology only while 'ethnicity' refers to ideas about shared culture or shared national or regional origins. 
C)  Ethnicity hinges upon a person's genetic makeup 
D)  Both are biological 
E)  'Ethnicity' is the scientific term for 'race.'

Question 9

A visual representation of the classic 'Out of Africa' model of human origins would look like a:

Accepted Answer

A)  Spider web 
B)  Short bush 
C)  Trellis 
D)  Electrical grid 
E)  Long road 
A)  Spider web 
B)  Short bush 
C)  Trellis 
D)  Electrical grid 
E)  Long road

Question 10

Most of the adaptive variations associated with 'race':

Accepted Answer

A)  evolved independently, as geographically specific environmental adaptations 
B)  evolved together, as 'trait packages' 
C)  evolved prior to the emergence of culture 
D)  provide indisputable proof of the 'multiple origins' theory of evolution 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  evolved independently, as geographically specific environmental adaptations 
B)  evolved together, as 'trait packages' 
C)  evolved prior to the emergence of culture 
D)  provide indisputable proof of the 'multiple origins' theory of evolution 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 11

Which of the following best characterizes Homo sapiens' global spread?

Accepted Answer

A)  We all left Africa in one group at one time after we evolved to walk upright. 
B)  Ancestral species evolved into humans multiple regions along convergent lines. 
C)  Those humans who left Africa after culture emerged did so on two feet and in a series of migration waves. 
D)  A meteorite hit the cradle of humanity in central-east Africa, forcing humans to go either north and east and up out of Africa, or south and west. 
E)  Those humans who left Africa crawled out: bipedalism had not yet evolved. 
A)  We all left Africa in one group at one time after we evolved to walk upright. 
B)  Ancestral species evolved into humans multiple regions along convergent lines. 
C)  Those humans who left Africa after culture emerged did so on two feet and in a series of migration waves. 
D)  A meteorite hit the cradle of humanity in central-east Africa, forcing humans to go either north and east and up out of Africa, or south and west. 
E)  Those humans who left Africa crawled out: bipedalism had not yet evolved.

Question 12

Most traits that we associated with 'race':

Accepted Answer

A)  clump together in predictable patterns. 
B)  clump together in stable patterns. 
C)  do not clump together in predictable or stable patterns. 
D)  correspond with one another. 
E)  are concordant. 
A)  clump together in predictable patterns. 
B)  clump together in stable patterns. 
C)  do not clump together in predictable or stable patterns. 
D)  correspond with one another. 
E)  are concordant.

Question 13

The key index traits popularly used to sort people into 'racial' categories are:

Accepted Answer

A)  visually identifiable (superficial) 
B)  biochemical (under the skin) 
C)  below the neck 
D)  found universally 
E)  pre-cultural 
A)  visually identifiable (superficial) 
B)  biochemical (under the skin) 
C)  below the neck 
D)  found universally 
E)  pre-cultural

Question 14

A coroner's description of a corpse as an 'Asian female between 20-25 years of age' is certainly an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  racism. 
B)  racialization. 
C)  nonconcordance 
D)  biological determinism. 
E)  natural selection. 
A)  racism. 
B)  racialization. 
C)  nonconcordance 
D)  biological determinism. 
E)  natural selection.

Question 15

So-called 'racial markers' like skin color evolved ________ complex traits like intellectual ability.

Accepted Answer

A)  after 
B)  before 
C)  in concordance with 
D)  in synch with 
E)  much more slowly than 
A)  after 
B)  before 
C)  in concordance with 
D)  in synch with 
E)  much more slowly than

Question 16

What change introduced by Blumenbach in the vary late 1700s to Linnaeus's four-part typology of humankind was even more important than his adding a fifth race?

Accepted Answer

A)  The prioritization of physical appearance 
B)  His repurposing of the cardinal directions (north, south, east, west) 
C)  Reference to specific regions of the globe 
D)  The prioritization of environment 
E)  Reference to genetics 
A)  The prioritization of physical appearance 
B)  His repurposing of the cardinal directions (north, south, east, west) 
C)  Reference to specific regions of the globe 
D)  The prioritization of environment 
E)  Reference to genetics

Question 17

Blumenbach, who created a five-race schematic, did NOT:

Accepted Answer

A)  focus on physical appearance as fundamentally important for race. 
B)  ascribe differences between human groups to climate and habitat. 
C)  proclaim people from Mount Caucasus to be closest in appearance to the original Adam and Eve. 
D)  deny the unity of humankind. 
E)  do anything on this list. 
A)  focus on physical appearance as fundamentally important for race. 
B)  ascribe differences between human groups to climate and habitat. 
C)  proclaim people from Mount Caucasus to be closest in appearance to the original Adam and Eve. 
D)  deny the unity of humankind. 
E)  do anything on this list.

Question 18

The 'single origin' theory of humankind's invasion of the world:

Accepted Answer

A)  is the same as the Australian Model. 
B)  states that all humans are descendants of a shared common ancestor in Africa. 
C)  states that all humans are descendants of a shared common ancestor in the Americas. 
D)  is the same as the Multiple Origins Model. 
E)  explains how the evolutionary paths of a number of versions of Homo came together or converged eventually. 
A)  is the same as the Australian Model. 
B)  states that all humans are descendants of a shared common ancestor in Africa. 
C)  states that all humans are descendants of a shared common ancestor in the Americas. 
D)  is the same as the Multiple Origins Model. 
E)  explains how the evolutionary paths of a number of versions of Homo came together or converged eventually.

Question 19

The 'multiregional metapopulation model' proposes that with continued , geographically separated subpopulations of evolving humans maintained their identification as one species.

Accepted Answer

A)  Nonrandom mating 
B)  Niche construction 
C)  Genetic drift 
D)  Gene flow 
E)  Mutation 
A)  Nonrandom mating 
B)  Niche construction 
C)  Genetic drift 
D)  Gene flow 
E)  Mutation

Question 20

The distribution of the varieties of skin color:

Accepted Answer

A)  is even around the world. 
B)  has a high degree of randomness. 
C)  correlates with the availability of dairy products. 
D)  roughly reflects the distribution of ultraviolet radiation on the Earth. 
E)  shows that darker skin has always been most common in densely forested areas. 
A)  is even around the world. 
B)  has a high degree of randomness. 
C)  correlates with the availability of dairy products. 
D)  roughly reflects the distribution of ultraviolet radiation on the Earth. 
E)  shows that darker skin has always been most common in densely forested areas.

Why were White people called 'Caucasians' in Blumenbach's racial typology?

Which of the following is an example of 'nonconcordance'?

What characterizes the 'multiregional metapopulation model' of human evolution that now dominates scientific thinking about our evolutionary past?

Head size, blood type, the ability to cope with large amounts of alcohol, and sickle cell anemia have what in common?

Which of the following traits is not 'concordant' with the other traits listed?

Lactose tolerance:

Prior to the very late 1700s in Europe, and so according to Linnaeus's scheme, differences between what later became seen as 'races' were:

How is 'ethnicity' different from 'race'?

A visual representation of the classic 'Out of Africa' model of human origins would look like a:

Most of the adaptive variations associated with 'race':

Which of the following best characterizes Homo sapiens' global spread?

Most traits that we associated with 'race':

The key index traits popularly used to sort people into 'racial' categories are:

A coroner's description of a corpse as an 'Asian female between 20-25 years of age' is certainly an example of:

So-called 'racial markers' like skin color evolved ________ complex traits like intellectual ability.

What change introduced by Blumenbach in the vary late 1700s to Linnaeus's four-part typology of humankind was even more important than his adding a fifth race?

Blumenbach, who created a five-race schematic, did NOT:

The 'single origin' theory of humankind's invasion of the world:

The 'multiregional metapopulation model' proposes that with continued , geographically separated subpopulations of evolving humans maintained their identification as one species.

The distribution of the varieties of skin color:

Anthropology and Complexity

Genetic Adaptation

Developmental Adjustment and Epigenetic Change

Emergence of Culture and People Like Us

Foraging

Agricultural Revolution

Epidemics and Immunities

Political Economy of Health Disparities

Stress, Meaning, and Health

Culture in Practice

Body Ideals and Outcomes

Kinship

Conclusion

Filters

Exam 5: Global Expansion, Human Variation, and the Invention of Race

Why were White people called 'Caucasians' in Blumenbach's racial typology?

Which of the following is an example of 'nonconcordance'?

What characterizes the 'multiregional metapopulation model' of human evolution that now dominates scientific thinking about our evolutionary past?

Head size, blood type, the ability to cope with large amounts of alcohol, and sickle cell anemia have what in common?

Which of the following traits is not 'concordant' with the other traits listed?

Lactose tolerance:

Prior to the very late 1700s in Europe, and so according to Linnaeus's scheme, differences between what later became seen as 'races' were:

How is 'ethnicity' different from 'race'?

A visual representation of the classic 'Out of Africa' model of human origins would look like a:

Most of the adaptive variations associated with 'race':

Which of the following best characterizes Homo sapiens' global spread?

Most traits that we associated with 'race':

The key index traits popularly used to sort people into 'racial' categories are:

A coroner's description of a corpse as an 'Asian female between 20-25 years of age' is certainly an example of:

So-called 'racial markers' like skin color evolved ________ complex traits like intellectual ability.

What change introduced by Blumenbach in the vary late 1700s to Linnaeus's four-part typology of humankind was even more important than his adding a fifth race?

Blumenbach, who created a five-race schematic, did NOT:

The 'single origin' theory of humankind's invasion of the world:

The 'multiregional metapopulation model' proposes that with continued , geographically separated subpopulations of evolving humans maintained their identification as one species.

The distribution of the varieties of skin color:

Anthropology and Complexity

Genetic Adaptation

Developmental Adjustment and Epigenetic Change

Emergence of Culture and People Like Us

Foraging

Agricultural Revolution

Epidemics and Immunities

Political Economy of Health Disparities

Stress, Meaning, and Health

Culture in Practice

Body Ideals and Outcomes

Kinship

Conclusion

Filters