Question 1

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Gallipoli campaign?

Accepted Answer

A)  Its objective was to force open the Dardanelles and capture Istanbul, thereby cutting the Ottomans off from Germany 
B)  The British quickly overran Ottoman defenses, thereby opening Entente supply lines to Russia via the Black Sea 
C)  It was during this campaign that Mustafa Kemal gained a reputation as a resourceful military commander 
D)  The campaign began in February 1915 
A)  Its objective was to force open the Dardanelles and capture Istanbul, thereby cutting the Ottomans off from Germany 
B)  The British quickly overran Ottoman defenses, thereby opening Entente supply lines to Russia via the Black Sea 
C)  It was during this campaign that Mustafa Kemal gained a reputation as a resourceful military commander 
D)  The campaign began in February 1915

Question 2

Certain patterns of Ottoman-style political and social attitudes prevailed in the postwar era because those who retained positions of influence in the new mandate states were __________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ex-Ottoman civil servants 
B)  ex-Ottoman military officers 
C)  local notables 
D)  All of these answers are correct 
A)  ex-Ottoman civil servants 
B)  ex-Ottoman military officers 
C)  local notables 
D)  All of these answers are correct

Question 3

Which Middle Eastern country was never ruled by a foreign power?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yemen 
B)  Lebanon 
C)  Iraq 
D)  Saudi Arabia 
A)  Yemen 
B)  Lebanon 
C)  Iraq 
D)  Saudi Arabia

Question 4

Post-World War I, the Arab lands of the Ottoman Empire were partitioned into _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  provinces 
B)  territories 
C)  mandates 
D)  directives 
A)  provinces 
B)  territories 
C)  mandates 
D)  directives

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT true of the Balfour Declaration?

Accepted Answer

A)  It called for the creation of Transjordan 
B)  It was born in part of an effort to appeal to US, Russian, and German Jewry 
C)  It led to violation of British promise to Husayn for an Arab state 
D)  With this agreement, Britain sought to secure control of territory adjacent to Suez Canal 
A)  It called for the creation of Transjordan 
B)  It was born in part of an effort to appeal to US, Russian, and German Jewry 
C)  It led to violation of British promise to Husayn for an Arab state 
D)  With this agreement, Britain sought to secure control of territory adjacent to Suez Canal

Question 6

Which of the following were entailed in the Treaty of Sevres?

Accepted Answer

A)  Greece, a late member to the Entente, received Thrace as a result 
B)  The straits between the Black and Mediterranean seas were removed from Istanbul's authority and placed under the jurisdiction of an international commission 
C)  France and Italy won spheres of influence in Anatolia 
D)  All of these resulted from the Treaty of Sevres 
A)  Greece, a late member to the Entente, received Thrace as a result 
B)  The straits between the Black and Mediterranean seas were removed from Istanbul's authority and placed under the jurisdiction of an international commission 
C)  France and Italy won spheres of influence in Anatolia 
D)  All of these resulted from the Treaty of Sevres

Question 7

Which is true of Armenian relations with the Ottoman Empire during WWI?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Ottomans carried out forced evacuations of Armenians from eastern and southern Anatolia in what amounted to a death march 
B)  As many as 1 million Armenian civilians died as result of Ottoman policies in 1915 
C)  A CUP faction decided that Armenians were collaborating with Russians, thus leading the Ottomans to deem all Armenians a threat to internal security 
D)  All of these statements regarding Ottoman-Armenian interaction are true 
A)  The Ottomans carried out forced evacuations of Armenians from eastern and southern Anatolia in what amounted to a death march 
B)  As many as 1 million Armenian civilians died as result of Ottoman policies in 1915 
C)  A CUP faction decided that Armenians were collaborating with Russians, thus leading the Ottomans to deem all Armenians a threat to internal security 
D)  All of these statements regarding Ottoman-Armenian interaction are true

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT true of Sharif Husayn ibn Ali?

Accepted Answer

A)  He was the amir of Mecca 
B)  He was responsible for maintaining the sanctity of the two holy cities 
C)  He held an official position in the Ottoman government 
D)  He proclaimed the Arab Revolt in 1916 
A)  He was the amir of Mecca 
B)  He was responsible for maintaining the sanctity of the two holy cities 
C)  He held an official position in the Ottoman government 
D)  He proclaimed the Arab Revolt in 1916

Question 9

What is the Husayn-McMahon correspondence? Why has it proven so controversial?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the Husayn-McMahon correspondence? Why has...

Question 10

In 1920, the proclamation of Syria as an independent state with __________________ as its king seemed to signify the rebirth of the Arab kingdom.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In 1920, the proclamation of Syria as...

Question 11

For the opportunity to strike Russia, the Ottoman Empire joined the __________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of For the opportunity to strike Russia, the...

Question 12

In the early twentieth century, more women entering the civil service and other mainstream professions was a result of ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the Arab Revolt 
B)  the Ottoman Empire engaging in World War I 
C)  King Faysal's social reforms 
D)  European management of the Arab states 
A)  the Arab Revolt 
B)  the Ottoman Empire engaging in World War I 
C)  King Faysal's social reforms 
D)  European management of the Arab states

Question 13

Which of the following does NOT accurately describe the Arab Revolt?

Accepted Answer

A)  It laid the foundations for the Arabs' claim to an independent state 
B)  The revolt constituted a popular uprising against the Ottoman Empire 
C)  Sharif Husayn's tribal forces were led by his son Amir Faysal, who was assisted by a group of Iraqi ex-Ottoman officers 
D)  The revolt began in 1916 when Husayn's forces attacked the Ottoman garrison at Mecca 
A)  It laid the foundations for the Arabs' claim to an independent state 
B)  The revolt constituted a popular uprising against the Ottoman Empire 
C)  Sharif Husayn's tribal forces were led by his son Amir Faysal, who was assisted by a group of Iraqi ex-Ottoman officers 
D)  The revolt began in 1916 when Husayn's forces attacked the Ottoman garrison at Mecca

Question 14

Britain rushed to protect the Persian Gulf at the start of World War I because it was crucial for protecting which imperial concern?

Accepted Answer

A)  Britain's longstanding interests in India 
B)  Palestine's eastern flank 
C)  Oil interests in Iraq 
D)  A buffer zone for the Suez Canal 
A)  Britain's longstanding interests in India 
B)  Palestine's eastern flank 
C)  Oil interests in Iraq 
D)  A buffer zone for the Suez Canal

Question 15

Faysal's Syrian kingdom operated under which of the following orientations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pan-Islamism 
B)  Pan-Arabism 
C)  Ottomanism 
D)  both Pan-Islamism and Pan-Arabism 
A)  Pan-Islamism 
B)  Pan-Arabism 
C)  Ottomanism 
D)  both Pan-Islamism and Pan-Arabism

Question 16

Which of the following statements is not true of the Sykes-Picot Agreement?

Accepted Answer

A)  It recognized the independent Arab state exactly as it was proposed to Sharif Husayn ibn Ali 
B)  It was signed between Britain and France 
C)  It granted France "direct control" of territory along the Syrian coast 
D)  It placed Palestine under international administration 
A)  It recognized the independent Arab state exactly as it was proposed to Sharif Husayn ibn Ali 
B)  It was signed between Britain and France 
C)  It granted France "direct control" of territory along the Syrian coast 
D)  It placed Palestine under international administration

Question 17

On October 31, 1918, the signing of the Armistice of Mudros brought an end to the war in the Middle East as well as the end of the __________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of On October 31, 1918, the signing of...

Question 18

Who became known by inhabitants of Greater Syria as al-Saffah (the Blood Shedder)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mustafa Kamal 
B)  Jamal Pasha 
C)  Sharif Husayn 
D)  General Allenby 
A)  Mustafa Kamal 
B)  Jamal Pasha 
C)  Sharif Husayn 
D)  General Allenby

Question 19

The governments of the postwar successor states of the former Ottoman Empire-first under European control, and later under independent Arab regimes-would continue the pragmatic Ottoman practice of tolerating a rich diversity of religious and cultural practices.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Elizabeth Monroe has described European attempts to secure their interests in the Middle East as "expansionist bookings-in-advance." Briefly explain and provide examples of these "advanced bookings."

Accepted Answer

The answer of Elizabeth Monroe has described European attempts to...

Exam 9: World War I and the End of the Ottoman Order

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Gallipoli campaign?

Certain patterns of Ottoman-style political and social attitudes prevailed in the postwar era because those who retained positions of influence in the new mandate states were __________________.

Which Middle Eastern country was never ruled by a foreign power?

Post-World War I, the Arab lands of the Ottoman Empire were partitioned into _______________.

Which of the following is NOT true of the Balfour Declaration?

Which of the following were entailed in the Treaty of Sevres?

Which is true of Armenian relations with the Ottoman Empire during WWI?

Which of the following is NOT true of Sharif Husayn ibn Ali?

What is the Husayn-McMahon correspondence? Why has it proven so controversial?

In 1920, the proclamation of Syria as an independent state with __________________ as its king seemed to signify the rebirth of the Arab kingdom.

For the opportunity to strike Russia, the Ottoman Empire joined the __________________.

In the early twentieth century, more women entering the civil service and other mainstream professions was a result of ______________.

Which of the following does NOT accurately describe the Arab Revolt?

Britain rushed to protect the Persian Gulf at the start of World War I because it was crucial for protecting which imperial concern?

Faysal's Syrian kingdom operated under which of the following orientations?

Which of the following statements is not true of the Sykes-Picot Agreement?

On October 31, 1918, the signing of the Armistice of Mudros brought an end to the war in the Middle East as well as the end of the __________________.

Who became known by inhabitants of Greater Syria as al-Saffah (the Blood Shedder)?

The governments of the postwar successor states of the former Ottoman Empire-first under European control, and later under independent Arab regimes-would continue the pragmatic Ottoman practice of tolerating a rich diversity of religious and cultural practices.

Elizabeth Monroe has described European attempts to secure their interests in the Middle East as "expansionist bookings-in-advance." Briefly explain and provide examples of these "advanced bookings."

The Rise and Expansion of Islam

The Development of Islamic Civilization to the Fifteenth Century

The Ottoman and Safavid Empires: a New Imperial Synthesis

Forging a New Synthesis: the Pattern of Reforms, 17891849

The Ottoman Empire and Egypt During the Era of the Tanzimat

Egypt and Iran in the Late Nineteenth Century

The Response of Islamic Society

The Era of the Young Turks and the Iranian Constitutionalists

Authoritarian Reform in Turkey and Iran

The Arab Struggle for Independence: Egypt, Iraq, and Transjordan From the Interwar Era to 1945

The Arab Struggle for Independence: Syria, Lebanon, and Saudi Arabia From the Interwar Era to 1945

The Palestine Mandate and the Birth of the State of Israel

Democracy and Authoritarianism: Turkey and Iran

The Middle East in the Age of Nasser: the Egyptian Base

The Middle East in the Age of Nasser: the Radicalization of Arab Politics

Israel and the Palestinians From 1948 to the 1970s

The Iranian Revolution and the Revival of Islam

Changing Patterns of War and Peace: Egypt and Lebanon in the 1970s and 1980s

The Arabian Peninsula in the Petroleum Era

The Consolidation of the Authoritarian Rule in Syria and Iraq: the Regimes of Hafiz Al-Asad and Saddam Husayn

The Palestinian Intifada and the 1991 Gulf War

A Peace so Near, a Peace so Far: Israeli-Palestinian Relations Since the 1991 Gulf War

Patterns of Continuity and Change in Turkey, Iran, and Lebanon

Americas Troubled Moment in the Middle East

The 2011 Arab Uprisings

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