Question 1

Discuss demographic and personality characteristics that are related to individual differences in gender attitudes.

Accepted Answer

Demographic and personality characteristics play a significant role in shaping individual differences in gender attitudes.

Demographic factors such as age, education, and cultural background have been found to be related to gender attitudes. For example, younger individuals tend to have more egalitarian attitudes towards gender roles compared to older individuals. Similarly, higher levels of education are associated with more progressive gender attitudes, as education often exposes individuals to diverse perspectives and challenges traditional gender norms. Cultural background also influences gender attitudes, with individuals from more traditional or conservative cultures often holding more traditional views on gender roles.

Personality characteristics also play a role in shaping gender attitudes. Research has shown that individuals with higher levels of openness to experience and agreeableness are more likely to have egalitarian attitudes towards gender. Openness to experience is associated with being open-minded and receptive to new ideas, while agreeableness is linked to empathy and concern for others, both of which are traits that are conducive to more progressive gender attitudes.

Additionally, individuals with higher levels of empathy and emotional intelligence are more likely to have egalitarian gender attitudes, as they are better able to understand and relate to the experiences and perspectives of others. On the other hand, individuals with higher levels of traditionalism and authoritarianism are more likely to hold more traditional gender attitudes, as these traits are associated with a preference for conformity and adherence to traditional norms.

In conclusion, demographic and personality characteristics are important factors in understanding individual differences in gender attitudes. By considering these factors, we can gain a better understanding of the complex interplay between individual characteristics and attitudes towards gender roles.

Question 2

Female sex hormones are collectively known as ______ and male sex hormones are collectively known as ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  mullerians; wolffians 
B)  wolffians; mullerians 
C)  estrogens; androgens 
D)  androgens; estrogens 
A)  mullerians; wolffians 
B)  wolffians; mullerians 
C)  estrogens; androgens 
D)  androgens; estrogens C

Question 3

The differentiation of the male internal reproductive organs from undifferentiated tissue requires the presence of both and .

Accepted Answer

A)  testosterone; the mullerian inhibiting substance 
B)  estrogens; the mullerian inhibiting substance 
C)  testosterone; the wolffian inhibiting substance 
D)  estrogens; the wolffian inhibiting substance 
A)  testosterone; the mullerian inhibiting substance 
B)  estrogens; the mullerian inhibiting substance 
C)  testosterone; the wolffian inhibiting substance 
D)  estrogens; the wolffian inhibiting substance A

Question 4

Individuals with the androgen-insensitivity syndrome are genetic and tend to have
External genitals.

Accepted Answer

A)  females; female-looking 
B)  males; male-looking 
C)  females; male-looking 
D)  males; female-looking 
A)  females; female-looking 
B)  males; male-looking 
C)  females; male-looking 
D)  males; female-looking

Question 5

Which of the following theories proposes that gender typing stems from the child's identification with the same-gender parent?

Accepted Answer

A)  psychoanalytic theory 
B)  social learning theory 
C)  cognitive-development theory 
D)  gender schema theory 
A)  psychoanalytic theory 
B)  social learning theory 
C)  cognitive-development theory 
D)  gender schema theory

Question 6

Which of the following demographic and personality characteristics is/are related to differences in gender attitudes?

Accepted Answer

A)  religious beliefs 
B)  authoritarianism 
C)  social class 
D)  all of the above 
A)  religious beliefs 
B)  authoritarianism 
C)  social class 
D)  all of the above

Question 7

Which of the following statements about social learning theory is/are correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The theory's concepts are clear and observable. 
B)  There has been considerable scientific examination of the theory. 
C)  The theory places considerable emphasis on the role of biological factors on gender development. 
D)  a and b 
A)  The theory's concepts are clear and observable. 
B)  There has been considerable scientific examination of the theory. 
C)  The theory places considerable emphasis on the role of biological factors on gender development. 
D)  a and b

Question 8

According to cognitive developmental theory, gender typing cannot take place until:

Accepted Answer

A)  the child develops gender constancy. 
B)  the child realizes there are genital differences between females and males. 
C)  parents model appropriate gender behaviors for their children. 
D)  a and b 
A)  the child develops gender constancy. 
B)  the child realizes there are genital differences between females and males. 
C)  parents model appropriate gender behaviors for their children. 
D)  a and b

Question 9

Cross-cultural research on gender attitudes indicates that the most egalitarian attitudes have been found in:

Accepted Answer

A)  African countries. 
B)  the U.S. 
C)  northern European countries. 
D)  Asian countries. 
A)  African countries. 
B)  the U.S. 
C)  northern European countries. 
D)  Asian countries.

Question 10

The mullerian ducts are the basis for the development of ______, and the wolffian ducts are the basis for the development of ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  the ovaries; the testes 
B)  the testes; the ovaries 
C)  male internal reproductive structures; female internal reproductive structures 
D)  female internal reproductive structures; male internal reproductive structures 
A)  the ovaries; the testes 
B)  the testes; the ovaries 
C)  male internal reproductive structures; female internal reproductive structures 
D)  female internal reproductive structures; male internal reproductive structures

Question 11

Which group of women has the most egalitarian gender attitudes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Black 
B)  Latina 
C)  White 
D)  all hold equally egalitarian gender attitudes 
A)  Black 
B)  Latina 
C)  White 
D)  all hold equally egalitarian gender attitudes

Question 12

Each of the following is an important concept in social cognitive theory except:

Accepted Answer

A)  identification. 
B)  reinforcement. 
C)  observation. 
D)  internalization of standards. 
A)  identification. 
B)  reinforcement. 
C)  observation. 
D)  internalization of standards.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about medical intervention in response to intersexuality is/are correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  In Western nations, the typical medical response is early genital surgery. 
B)  In Western nations, physicians generally delay surgical intervention until the individual is mature enough to make an informed decision. 
C)  Early genital surgery nearly always provides the individual with a very clear sense of gender identity. 
D)  a and c 
A)  In Western nations, the typical medical response is early genital surgery. 
B)  In Western nations, physicians generally delay surgical intervention until the individual is mature enough to make an informed decision. 
C)  Early genital surgery nearly always provides the individual with a very clear sense of gender identity. 
D)  a and c

Question 14

The order of prenatal sex differentiation is:

Accepted Answer

A)  chromosomes, internal reproductive organs, gonads, external genitalia 
B)  gonads, chromosomes, internal reproductive organs, external genitalia 
C)  chromosomes, gonads, internal reproductive organs, external genitalia 
D)  chromosomes, external genitalia, internal reproductive organs, gonads 
A)  chromosomes, internal reproductive organs, gonads, external genitalia 
B)  gonads, chromosomes, internal reproductive organs, external genitalia 
C)  chromosomes, gonads, internal reproductive organs, external genitalia 
D)  chromosomes, external genitalia, internal reproductive organs, gonads

Question 15

Which of the following indicates increasing acceptance of gender as a nonbinary construct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Australia recognizes a third "nonspecific" gender 
B)  Germany permits babies with ambiguous genitalia to be classified as neither female nor male 
C)  Facebook offers more than 50 gender options 
D)  All of the above 
A)  Australia recognizes a third "nonspecific" gender 
B)  Germany permits babies with ambiguous genitalia to be classified as neither female nor male 
C)  Facebook offers more than 50 gender options 
D)  All of the above

Question 16

have a gender identity that is inconsistent with their reproductive organs.

Accepted Answer

A)  Lesbians 
B)  Females with Turner syndrome 
C)  Transgender individuals 
D)  Masculine females 
A)  Lesbians 
B)  Females with Turner syndrome 
C)  Transgender individuals 
D)  Masculine females

Question 17

A female with congenital adrenal hyperplasia:

Accepted Answer

A)  has a partial or complete masculinization of her external genitals. 
B)  has only one X chromosome. 
C)  has two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome. 
D)  a and b 
A)  has a partial or complete masculinization of her external genitals. 
B)  has only one X chromosome. 
C)  has two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome. 
D)  a and b

Question 18

Freud proposed that experiences during the phallic stage of development lead to life-long consequences for females. Which of the following is not one of these consequences?

Accepted Answer

A)  jealousy 
B)  feelings of inferiority 
C)  pride in being female 
D)  a weak superego 
A)  jealousy 
B)  feelings of inferiority 
C)  pride in being female 
D)  a weak superego

Question 19

Gender schema theory incorporates assumptions of:

Accepted Answer

A)  psychoanalytic theory. 
B)  cognitive developmental theory. 
C)  social learning theory. 
D)  b and c 
A)  psychoanalytic theory. 
B)  cognitive developmental theory. 
C)  social learning theory. 
D)  b and c

Question 20

The study that asked college students to list advantages and disadvantages associated with being the other gender found that disadvantages associated with being female included all of the following except:

Accepted Answer

A)  pressure to be attractive. 
B)  discrimination in the workplace. 
C)  pressure to be successful. 
D)  reproductive processes, such as menstruation and pregnancy. 
A)  pressure to be attractive. 
B)  discrimination in the workplace. 
C)  pressure to be successful. 
D)  reproductive processes, such as menstruation and pregnancy.

Discuss demographic and personality characteristics that are related to individual differences in gender attitudes.

Female sex hormones are collectively known as and male sex hormones are collectively known as .

The differentiation of the male internal reproductive organs from undifferentiated tissue requires the presence of both and .

Individuals with the androgen-insensitivity syndrome are genetic and tend to have External genitals.

Which of the following theories proposes that gender typing stems from the child's identification with the same-gender parent?

Which of the following demographic and personality characteristics is/are related to differences in gender attitudes?

Which of the following statements about social learning theory is/are correct?

According to cognitive developmental theory, gender typing cannot take place until:

Cross-cultural research on gender attitudes indicates that the most egalitarian attitudes have been found in:

The mullerian ducts are the basis for the development of , and the wolffian ducts are the basis for the development of .

Which group of women has the most egalitarian gender attitudes?

Each of the following is an important concept in social cognitive theory except:

Which of the following statements about medical intervention in response to intersexuality is/are correct?

The order of prenatal sex differentiation is:

Which of the following indicates increasing acceptance of gender as a nonbinary construct?

have a gender identity that is inconsistent with their reproductive organs.

A female with congenital adrenal hyperplasia:

Freud proposed that experiences during the phallic stage of development lead to life-long consequences for females. Which of the following is not one of these consequences?

Gender schema theory incorporates assumptions of:

The study that asked college students to list advantages and disadvantages associated with being the other gender found that disadvantages associated with being female included all of the following except:

Introduction to the Psychology of Women: History and Research

Cultural Representation of Gender

Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Gender Comparisons: Social Behavior, Personality, Communication, and Cognition

Sexuality

Reproductive System and Childbearing

Relationships

Education and Achievement

Employment

Balancing Family and Work

Physical Health

Mental Health

Violence Against Girls and Women

A Feminist Future

Filters

Exam 3: Gender Self-Concept: Developmental Processes and Individual Differences

Discuss demographic and personality characteristics that are related to individual differences in gender attitudes.

Female sex hormones are collectively known as ______ and male sex hormones are collectively known as ______.

The differentiation of the male internal reproductive organs from undifferentiated tissue requires the presence of both and .

Individuals with the androgen-insensitivity syndrome are genetic and tend to have External genitals.

Which of the following theories proposes that gender typing stems from the child's identification with the same-gender parent?

Which of the following demographic and personality characteristics is/are related to differences in gender attitudes?

Which of the following statements about social learning theory is/are correct?

According to cognitive developmental theory, gender typing cannot take place until:

Cross-cultural research on gender attitudes indicates that the most egalitarian attitudes have been found in:

The mullerian ducts are the basis for the development of ______, and the wolffian ducts are the basis for the development of ______.

Which group of women has the most egalitarian gender attitudes?

Each of the following is an important concept in social cognitive theory except:

Which of the following statements about medical intervention in response to intersexuality is/are correct?

The order of prenatal sex differentiation is:

Which of the following indicates increasing acceptance of gender as a nonbinary construct?

have a gender identity that is inconsistent with their reproductive organs.

A female with congenital adrenal hyperplasia:

Freud proposed that experiences during the phallic stage of development lead to life-long consequences for females. Which of the following is not one of these consequences?

Gender schema theory incorporates assumptions of:

The study that asked college students to list advantages and disadvantages associated with being the other gender found that disadvantages associated with being female included all of the following except:

Introduction to the Psychology of Women: History and Research

Cultural Representation of Gender

Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence

Gender Comparisons: Social Behavior, Personality, Communication, and Cognition

Sexuality

Reproductive System and Childbearing

Relationships

Education and Achievement

Employment

Balancing Family and Work

Physical Health

Mental Health

Violence Against Girls and Women

A Feminist Future

Filters

Female sex hormones are collectively known as and male sex hormones are collectively known as .

The mullerian ducts are the basis for the development of , and the wolffian ducts are the basis for the development of .