Question 1

One sign of drug tolerance in addicted individuals is that over time

Accepted Answer

A)  they increase their drug dosage. 
B)  they enjoy their drug-induced euphoria more and more. 
C)  they experience milder and milder withdrawal symptoms. 
D)  their reaction to a drug becomes stronger. 
A)  they increase their drug dosage. 
B)  they enjoy their drug-induced euphoria more and more. 
C)  they experience milder and milder withdrawal symptoms. 
D)  their reaction to a drug becomes stronger.

Question 2

What personality trait(s) contribute to drug use?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensation seeking, composure seeking 
B)  autonomy striving 
C)  salience seeking 
D)  experience seeking, novelty seeking, 
A)  sensation seeking, composure seeking 
B)  autonomy striving 
C)  salience seeking 
D)  experience seeking, novelty seeking,

Question 3

A relapse for drug use occurs in addicted individuals, who are stressed, anxious, or in a negative mood. This relapse occurs because

Accepted Answer

A)  these negative feelings cause a person to lose his/her self-control over drug use. 
B)  the pleasure from psychoactive drugs is now greater. 
C)  these negative feelings make a person ignore the negative consequences of drug use. 
D)  these negative feelings are felt more intensely as a result drug use. 
A)  these negative feelings cause a person to lose his/her self-control over drug use. 
B)  the pleasure from psychoactive drugs is now greater. 
C)  these negative feelings make a person ignore the negative consequences of drug use. 
D)  these negative feelings are felt more intensely as a result drug use.

Question 4

In regards to psychoactive drugs, craving refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  a longing to rid one's self of drug withdrawal symptoms. 
B)  a longing for the high or euphoric feeling that a drug provides. 
C)  a mixture of answers a and b. 
D)  rapid changes between feelings of anxiety and dread. 
A)  a longing to rid one's self of drug withdrawal symptoms. 
B)  a longing for the high or euphoric feeling that a drug provides. 
C)  a mixture of answers a and b. 
D)  rapid changes between feelings of anxiety and dread.

Question 5

Which statement is true regarding psychoactive drugs as reinforcers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Drugs have their major pleasurable effects when they reach the brain. 
B)  Drugs are addicting only because they reduce withdrawal symptoms. 
C)  Humans are born with a craving for drugs. 
D)  Drugs produce their pleasure at the sense organs; through their touch, taste and smell sensations 
A)  Drugs have their major pleasurable effects when they reach the brain. 
B)  Drugs are addicting only because they reduce withdrawal symptoms. 
C)  Humans are born with a craving for drugs. 
D)  Drugs produce their pleasure at the sense organs; through their touch, taste and smell sensations

Question 6

Which of the following is not a characteristic of addictive gambling?

Accepted Answer

A)  The pleasure of gambling is linked to dopamine in the pleasure circuit of the brain. 
B)  Stress, boredom, and loneliness contribute to the urge to gamble. 
C)  Gambling problems are unassociated with or disconnected from alcohol use and drug use. 
D)  Gambling advertisements and thoughts of winning increase the urge to gamble. 
A)  The pleasure of gambling is linked to dopamine in the pleasure circuit of the brain. 
B)  Stress, boredom, and loneliness contribute to the urge to gamble. 
C)  Gambling problems are unassociated with or disconnected from alcohol use and drug use. 
D)  Gambling advertisements and thoughts of winning increase the urge to gamble.

Question 7

According to the field of behavioral genetics, what factor(s) contribute(s) to drug addiction? Behavioral genetics implies that drug addiction results

Accepted Answer

A)  only from weak will-power to abstain from drug use. 
B)  only from a genetic disposition to enjoy and use drugs. 
C)  only from an environment that puts an individual at risk for drug use. 
D)  both a genetic disposition for drug use plus an at-risk environment for drug use. 
A)  only from weak will-power to abstain from drug use. 
B)  only from a genetic disposition to enjoy and use drugs. 
C)  only from an environment that puts an individual at risk for drug use. 
D)  both a genetic disposition for drug use plus an at-risk environment for drug use.

Question 8

What effect does naltrexone have on the urge to drink alcohol and on the reinforcing effects of alcohol?

Accepted Answer

A)  Naltrexone reduces the pleasurable effects of alcohol. 
B)  Naltrexone enhances the pleasurable effects of alcohol. 
C)  Naltrexone produces nausea if a person drinks alcohol. 
D)  Naltrexone has no effect on the pleasurable effects of alcohol. 
A)  Naltrexone reduces the pleasurable effects of alcohol. 
B)  Naltrexone enhances the pleasurable effects of alcohol. 
C)  Naltrexone produces nausea if a person drinks alcohol. 
D)  Naltrexone has no effect on the pleasurable effects of alcohol.

Question 9

Addicted individuals make errors in affective forecasting, In the case of addicted individuals, they

Accepted Answer

A)  underestimate the hedonic experience a drug will produce. 
B)  underestimate the level of craving that will result from drug abstinence. 
C)  underestimate the amount of social conflict that results from drug use. 
D)  overestimate their increase in autonomy over drug use. 
A)  underestimate the hedonic experience a drug will produce. 
B)  underestimate the level of craving that will result from drug abstinence. 
C)  underestimate the amount of social conflict that results from drug use. 
D)  overestimate their increase in autonomy over drug use.

Question 10

What do gambling, Internet gaming, and strenuous exercise have in common?

Accepted Answer

A)  When done to excess, they interfere with a person's social, work, and academic life. 
B)  They all affect the brain's pleasure circuit. 
C)  Answers a and b 
D)  Their use or participation is illicit or illegal. 
A)  When done to excess, they interfere with a person's social, work, and academic life. 
B)  They all affect the brain's pleasure circuit. 
C)  Answers a and b 
D)  Their use or participation is illicit or illegal.

Question 11

Why is there an increase in compulsive Internet Gaming and compulsive Internet use over the last few decades?

Accepted Answer

A)  There are few, if any, negative social consequences for these activities 
B)  More opportunities exist to engage in these activities than in previous decades. 
C)  Compulsively doing those activities is now socially acceptable. 
D)  These activities no longer harm the individual doing them. 
A)  There are few, if any, negative social consequences for these activities 
B)  More opportunities exist to engage in these activities than in previous decades. 
C)  Compulsively doing those activities is now socially acceptable. 
D)  These activities no longer harm the individual doing them.

Question 12

What addictive behaviors can be primed?

Accepted Answer

A)  using psychoactive drugs 
B)  gambling 
C)  Internet gaming 
D)  all of these can be primed 
A)  using psychoactive drugs 
B)  gambling 
C)  Internet gaming 
D)  all of these can be primed

Question 13

What does transcranial magnetic stimulation of the pre-frontal cortex do? This stimulation

Accepted Answer

A)  increases drug cravings. 
B)  has no effect on drug cravings. 
C)  increases drug withdrawal symptoms. 
D)  decreases drug cravings. 
A)  increases drug cravings. 
B)  has no effect on drug cravings. 
C)  increases drug withdrawal symptoms. 
D)  decreases drug cravings.

Question 14

Why are individuals high in impulsiveness more likely to become addicted to psychoactive drugs? These individuals

Accepted Answer

A)  are surrounded by stimuli that promote drug cravings. 
B)  do not expect psychoactive drugs to provide much pleasure. 
C)  have a low awareness of the negative consequences of taking drugs. 
D)  have a high-level of self-control. 
A)  are surrounded by stimuli that promote drug cravings. 
B)  do not expect psychoactive drugs to provide much pleasure. 
C)  have a low awareness of the negative consequences of taking drugs. 
D)  have a high-level of self-control.

Question 15

In regards to addictive behaviors, what does relapse mean? Relapse means

Accepted Answer

A)  the ability of a psychoactive drug to remove negative withdrawal symptoms. 
B)  the conflict between addictive behaviors and family, social demands, or work activities. 
C)  the resumption of drug use following a period of abstinence. 
D)  the ability to tolerate more and more drugs without ill effects. 
A)  the ability of a psychoactive drug to remove negative withdrawal symptoms. 
B)  the conflict between addictive behaviors and family, social demands, or work activities. 
C)  the resumption of drug use following a period of abstinence. 
D)  the ability to tolerate more and more drugs without ill effects.

Question 16

What characteristic strongly indicates that a person is addicted to a psychoactive drug?

Accepted Answer

A)  The person does not experience withdrawal symptoms when stopping drug use. 
B)  Priming procedures no longer increase drug cravings. 
C)  The person loses his/her self-control over drug use. 
D)  The person enjoys the euphoria a drug produces more and more. 
A)  The person does not experience withdrawal symptoms when stopping drug use. 
B)  Priming procedures no longer increase drug cravings. 
C)  The person loses his/her self-control over drug use. 
D)  The person enjoys the euphoria a drug produces more and more.

Question 17

Looking at a piece of wrapped chocolate increases a person's craving or desire to eat that piece of chocolate. The sight of the piece of wrapped chocolate is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  an unconditioned stimulus 
B)  a conditioned stimulus 
C)  a euphoric stimulus 
D)  negative reinforcement 
A)  an unconditioned stimulus 
B)  a conditioned stimulus 
C)  a euphoric stimulus 
D)  negative reinforcement

Question 18

A number of behaviors have been considered addictive. What are these behaviors and why are they considered addictive?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A number of behaviors have been considered...

Question 19

What effects can be produced by stimuli that are associated with drug use? Most likely, these stimuli can

Accepted Answer

A)  evoke a drug-withdrawal response. 
B)  evoke a drug-like response. 
C)  evoke either a drug-withdrawal response or a drug-like response 
D)  evoke a desire to quit using drugs 
A)  evoke a drug-withdrawal response. 
B)  evoke a drug-like response. 
C)  evoke either a drug-withdrawal response or a drug-like response 
D)  evoke a desire to quit using drugs

Question 20

Why can strenuous exercise be considered a positive addiction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Exercise is positively reinforcing and not negatively reinforcing. 
B)  Exercise produces positive health consequences. 
C)  Exercise positively influences a person's social life. 
D)  Exercise never influences a person negatively. 
A)  Exercise is positively reinforcing and not negatively reinforcing. 
B)  Exercise produces positive health consequences. 
C)  Exercise positively influences a person's social life. 
D)  Exercise never influences a person negatively.

One sign of drug tolerance in addicted individuals is that over time

What personality trait(s) contribute to drug use?

A relapse for drug use occurs in addicted individuals, who are stressed, anxious, or in a negative mood. This relapse occurs because

In regards to psychoactive drugs, craving refers to

Which statement is true regarding psychoactive drugs as reinforcers?

Which of the following is not a characteristic of addictive gambling?

According to the field of behavioral genetics, what factor(s) contribute(s) to drug addiction? Behavioral genetics implies that drug addiction results

What effect does naltrexone have on the urge to drink alcohol and on the reinforcing effects of alcohol?

Addicted individuals make errors in affective forecasting, In the case of addicted individuals, they

What do gambling, Internet gaming, and strenuous exercise have in common?

Why is there an increase in compulsive Internet Gaming and compulsive Internet use over the last few decades?

What addictive behaviors can be primed?

What does transcranial magnetic stimulation of the pre-frontal cortex do? This stimulation

Why are individuals high in impulsiveness more likely to become addicted to psychoactive drugs? These individuals

In regards to addictive behaviors, what does relapse mean? Relapse means

What characteristic strongly indicates that a person is addicted to a psychoactive drug?

Looking at a piece of wrapped chocolate increases a person's craving or desire to eat that piece of chocolate. The sight of the piece of wrapped chocolate is an example of

A number of behaviors have been considered addictive. What are these behaviors and why are they considered addictive?

What effects can be produced by stimuli that are associated with drug use? Most likely, these stimuli can

Why can strenuous exercise be considered a positive addiction?

Introduction to Motivation and Emotion

Evolutionary Antecedents of Motivation

Homeostasis: Temperature, Thirst, Hunger, and Eating

Behavior, Arousal, and Affective Valence

Stress, Coping and Health

Psychological Needs and Motives

Personality and Motivation

Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation

Goal Motivation

Emotions and Moods

Emotions As Motives

Filters

Exam 3: Addictions and Addictive Behaviors

One sign of drug tolerance in addicted individuals is that over time

What personality trait(s) contribute to drug use?

A relapse for drug use occurs in addicted individuals, who are stressed, anxious, or in a negative mood. This relapse occurs because

In regards to psychoactive drugs, craving refers to

Which statement is true regarding psychoactive drugs as reinforcers?

Which of the following is not a characteristic of addictive gambling?

According to the field of behavioral genetics, what factor(s) contribute(s) to drug addiction? Behavioral genetics implies that drug addiction results

What effect does naltrexone have on the urge to drink alcohol and on the reinforcing effects of alcohol?

Addicted individuals make errors in affective forecasting, In the case of addicted individuals, they

What do gambling, Internet gaming, and strenuous exercise have in common?

Why is there an increase in compulsive Internet Gaming and compulsive Internet use over the last few decades?

What addictive behaviors can be primed?

What does transcranial magnetic stimulation of the pre-frontal cortex do? This stimulation

Why are individuals high in impulsiveness more likely to become addicted to psychoactive drugs? These individuals

In regards to addictive behaviors, what does relapse mean? Relapse means

What characteristic strongly indicates that a person is addicted to a psychoactive drug?

Looking at a piece of wrapped chocolate increases a person's craving or desire to eat that piece of chocolate. The sight of the piece of wrapped chocolate is an example of

A number of behaviors have been considered addictive. What are these behaviors and why are they considered addictive?

What effects can be produced by stimuli that are associated with drug use? Most likely, these stimuli can

Why can strenuous exercise be considered a positive addiction?

Introduction to Motivation and Emotion

Evolutionary Antecedents of Motivation

Homeostasis: Temperature, Thirst, Hunger, and Eating

Behavior, Arousal, and Affective Valence

Stress, Coping and Health

Psychological Needs and Motives

Personality and Motivation

Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation

Goal Motivation

Emotions and Moods

Emotions As Motives

Filters