Exam 2: A Brief History of Punishments and Corrections

Early American jails often were operated under what was called a fee system.

The common-law system was introduced to the North American colonies by the:

Originally in England jails were known as:

In the early twentieth century some Southern states used inmate guards called trustees to carry out many of the jobs in prisons.

Which of the following has been associated with the reform of jails in England?

Repayment of to a victim for losses suffered describes:

According to the book, the ancient Greeks used all of the following methods of execution except:

The Auburn prison system required inmates to be housed in isolation and to maintain silence.

Which of the following early U.S. prison systems was associated with inmate silence and isolation?

A community's informal rules governing everyday life are called norms.

For most of U.S. history local jails have been operated by which of the following?

When penitentiaries first emerged they were hailed as great innovations in the history of punishment. What were the purposes for which these institutions were established, and what were some of the assumptions or principles on which they were based?

In the early twentieth century the ________ model became the dominant approach to prisoner management.

The English (and others) used banishment to penal colonies as a form of punishment for a considerable period of time. What factors lead to the use of such punishment?

The ________ model rests on the assumption that individuals commit crimes of their own free will and, thus, deserve to be punished.

___________ used to publicly shame offenders were constructed of wood with spaces for the individual's head and hands.

Some people have suggested the return of corporal (physical) punishment such as the stocks or caning would be as effective as and less costly than imprisonment. How do you react to this proposal and why?

The punishment described as an "eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth" is associated with the Roman law provided for in the Twelve Tables.

What is meant by the medical model of corrections? What are the assumptions upon which such a model is based?

Transportation to penal colonies was one way the English and French dealt with convicted offenders.