Question 1

Initiation of transcription in eukaryotes is primarily controlled

Accepted Answer

A)  by two transcription factors 
B)  by keeping the TATA-binding protein physically separated from other transcription factors 
C)  by the order of binding of TFIIA and TFIIB 
D)  in the formation of the preinitiation complex 
A)  by two transcription factors 
B)  by keeping the TATA-binding protein physically separated from other transcription factors 
C)  by the order of binding of TFIIA and TFIIB 
D)  in the formation of the preinitiation complex

Question 2

Cyclic AMP affects transcription by

Accepted Answer

A)  triggering the action of several protein factors 
B)  phosphorylating a subunit of RNA polymerase 
C)  phosphorylating a transcription factor 
D)  inhibiting DNA looping 
E)  None of these 
A)  triggering the action of several protein factors 
B)  phosphorylating a subunit of RNA polymerase 
C)  phosphorylating a transcription factor 
D)  inhibiting DNA looping 
E)  None of these

Question 3

Capping of eukaryotic mRNA

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs at the 5' end. 
B)  occurs at the 3' end. 
C)  occurs at both ends. 
D)  doesn't occur at all. 
A)  occurs at the 5' end. 
B)  occurs at the 3' end. 
C)  occurs at both ends. 
D)  doesn't occur at all.

Question 4

Alternative splicing of exons is a mechanism to get more than 1 protein from the same gene.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following is not a key step in the activation of mRNA synthesis in eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Binding of TBP to the DNA. 
B)  Binding of other transcription factors. 
C)  Binding of RNA Pol I. 
D)  Phosphorylation of the RNA Pol. 
E)  All of these are necessary to initiate RNA synthesis in eukaryotes. 
A)  Binding of TBP to the DNA. 
B)  Binding of other transcription factors. 
C)  Binding of RNA Pol I. 
D)  Phosphorylation of the RNA Pol. 
E)  All of these are necessary to initiate RNA synthesis in eukaryotes.

Question 6

Polyadenylation of eukaryotic mRNA

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs at the 5' end. 
B)  occurs at the 3' end. 
C)  occurs at both ends. 
D)  doesn't occur at all. 
A)  occurs at the 5' end. 
B)  occurs at the 3' end. 
C)  occurs at both ends. 
D)  doesn't occur at all.

Question 7

Chain termination occurs, in vivo, when:

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA Polymerase gets to the end of the DNA. 
B)  The factor called rho (ρ) binds to the DNA. 
C)  A hairpin loop forms in the template. 
D)  Either a hairpin loop forms or rho (ρ) catches up with transcription stalled by a hairpin loop 
E)  None of these 
A)  RNA Polymerase gets to the end of the DNA. 
B)  The factor called rho (ρ) binds to the DNA. 
C)  A hairpin loop forms in the template. 
D)  Either a hairpin loop forms or rho (ρ) catches up with transcription stalled by a hairpin loop 
E)  None of these

Question 8

Which of the following influence the amount of expression of an operon?

Accepted Answer

A)  Availability of the specific sigma factor for that operon. 
B)  How well the Pribnow box conforms to the consensus sequence. 
C)  Attenuation mechanisms. 
D)  Presence of 3' 5' cyclic AMP. 
E)  All of these. 
A)  Availability of the specific sigma factor for that operon. 
B)  How well the Pribnow box conforms to the consensus sequence. 
C)  Attenuation mechanisms. 
D)  Presence of 3' 5' cyclic AMP. 
E)  All of these.

Question 9

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mediator is a giant complex with a mass over 1 million Daltons 
B)  Mediator contains many subunits called Med proteins 
C)  Mediator bridges the RNA Polymerase at the promoter region with enhancers 
D)  Mediator is the ultimate regulator of eukaryotic transcription 
E)  All of these 
A)  Mediator is a giant complex with a mass over 1 million Daltons 
B)  Mediator contains many subunits called Med proteins 
C)  Mediator bridges the RNA Polymerase at the promoter region with enhancers 
D)  Mediator is the ultimate regulator of eukaryotic transcription 
E)  All of these

Question 10

Which of the following is true concerning the first nucleotide incorporated into an RNA chain?

Accepted Answer

A)  The first nucleotide incorporated into the RNA chain retains its 5'-triphosphate 
B)  The first nucleotide is always GMP 
C)  The first nucleotide is always cleaved off post-transcriptionally 
D)  The first nucleotide is always modified after transcription 
A)  The first nucleotide incorporated into the RNA chain retains its 5'-triphosphate 
B)  The first nucleotide is always GMP 
C)  The first nucleotide is always cleaved off post-transcriptionally 
D)  The first nucleotide is always modified after transcription

Question 11

Attenuation mechanisms rely on alternative secondary structures forming in the mRNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

DNA binding domains are distinct from transcription-activation domains.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following is not a common modification occurring after polymerization of RNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  Methylation of bases. 
B)  Addition of phosphate to the bases. 
C)  Removal of bases from the polymer. 
D)  Addition of bases to the polymer. 
E)  All of these changes are common. 
A)  Methylation of bases. 
B)  Addition of phosphate to the bases. 
C)  Removal of bases from the polymer. 
D)  Addition of bases to the polymer. 
E)  All of these changes are common.

Question 14

Minor differences in the consensus sequence for RNA Polymerase

Accepted Answer

A)  can be exploited to vary the amount of mRNA which is synthesized from that gene. 
B)  dictate the direction that RNA Polymerase proceeds from the promoter. 
C)  dictate whether sigma (σ) factor is required. 
D)  never occur. 
E)  have no effect on transcription 
A)  can be exploited to vary the amount of mRNA which is synthesized from that gene. 
B)  dictate the direction that RNA Polymerase proceeds from the promoter. 
C)  dictate whether sigma (σ) factor is required. 
D)  never occur. 
E)  have no effect on transcription

Question 15

Which of the following offers the best description of a Pribnow box?

Accepted Answer

A)  A promoter consensus sequence located at approximately −35. 
B)  A promoter consensus sequence located at approximately −10. 
C)  A sequence forming a hairpin loop signaling the termination of transcription. 
D)  A sequence immediately surrounding the start site of transcription. 
A)  A promoter consensus sequence located at approximately −35. 
B)  A promoter consensus sequence located at approximately −10. 
C)  A sequence forming a hairpin loop signaling the termination of transcription. 
D)  A sequence immediately surrounding the start site of transcription.

Question 16

Non-coding RNAs are known to:

Accepted Answer

A)  bind to mRNA targeting them for destruction 
B)  bind to mRNA preventing their translation 
C)  promote RNA silencing 
D)  all of these 
A)  bind to mRNA targeting them for destruction 
B)  bind to mRNA preventing their translation 
C)  promote RNA silencing 
D)  all of these

Question 17

The end of the new mRNA molecule in E. coli. usually terminates in a string of A's

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which ends of prokaryotic mRNA are protected from degradation?

Accepted Answer

A)  5' end only 
B)  3' end only 
C)  Both ends 
D)  Neither end 
E)  The RNA is circular and has no ends. 
A)  5' end only 
B)  3' end only 
C)  Both ends 
D)  Neither end 
E)  The RNA is circular and has no ends.

Question 19

In eukaryotes, which of the following types of RNA undergo some base modification after polymerization of the monomers?

Accepted Answer

A)  mRNA 
B)  tRNA 
C)  rRNA 
D)  mRNA and tRNA 
E)  mRNA and rRNA
F) all of these 
A)  mRNA 
B)  tRNA 
C)  rRNA 
D)  mRNA and tRNA 
E)  mRNA and rRNA
F) all of these

Question 20

Which of the following correctly describes a difference between RNA & DNA polymerases?

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA polymerases usually do not need a template, while DNA polymerases do. 
B)  DNA polymerases usually require a primer (i.e., they can only continue a strand, not start one), while most RNA polymerases do not. 
C)  RNA polymerases usually synthesize introns, while DNA polymerases synthesize cistrons. 
D)  RNA polymerases polymerize 5' → 3', while DNA polymerases polymerize 3' → 5'. 
E)  None of these 
A)  RNA polymerases usually do not need a template, while DNA polymerases do. 
B)  DNA polymerases usually require a primer (i.e., they can only continue a strand, not start one), while most RNA polymerases do not. 
C)  RNA polymerases usually synthesize introns, while DNA polymerases synthesize cistrons. 
D)  RNA polymerases polymerize 5' → 3', while DNA polymerases polymerize 3' → 5'. 
E)  None of these

Exam 11: Transcription of the Genetic Code: Biosynthesis of RNA

Initiation of transcription in eukaryotes is primarily controlled

Cyclic AMP affects transcription by

Capping of eukaryotic mRNA

Alternative splicing of exons is a mechanism to get more than 1 protein from the same gene.

Which of the following is not a key step in the activation of mRNA synthesis in eukaryotes?

Polyadenylation of eukaryotic mRNA

Chain termination occurs, in vivo, when:

Which of the following influence the amount of expression of an operon?

Which of the following is true?

Which of the following is true concerning the first nucleotide incorporated into an RNA chain?

Attenuation mechanisms rely on alternative secondary structures forming in the mRNA.

DNA binding domains are distinct from transcription-activation domains.

Which of the following is not a common modification occurring after polymerization of RNA?

Minor differences in the consensus sequence for RNA Polymerase

Which of the following offers the best description of a Pribnow box?

Non-coding RNAs are known to:

The end of the new mRNA molecule in E. coli. usually terminates in a string of A's

Which ends of prokaryotic mRNA are protected from degradation?

In eukaryotes, which of the following types of RNA undergo some base modification after polymerization of the monomers?

Which of the following correctly describes a difference between RNA & DNA polymerases?

Biochemistry and the Organization of Cells

Water: the Solvent for Biochemical Reactions

Amino Acids and Peptides

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Purification and Characterization Techniques

The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes

The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes, Mechanisms, and Control

Lipids and Proteins Are Associated in Biological Membranes

Nucleic Acids: How Structure Conveys Information

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids: Replication

Protein Synthesis: Translation of the Genetic Message

Nucleic Acid Biotechnology Techniques

Viruses, Cancer, and Immunology

The Importance of Energy Changes and Electron Transfer in Metabolism

Carbohydrates

Glycolysis

Storage Mechanisms and Control in Carbohydrate Metabolism

The Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Lipid Metabolism

Photosynthesis

The Metabolism of Nitrogen

Integration of Metabolism: Cellular Signaling

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