Question 1

In prokaryotic RNA synthesis

Accepted Answer

A)  the rate of incorporation of nucleotides is constant throughout the elongation process 
B)  the ρ (rho) protein is always required for termination 
C)  a unique series of three bases leads to termination 
D)  inverted-repeat sequences in the DNA being transcribed can lead to termination 
A)  the rate of incorporation of nucleotides is constant throughout the elongation process 
B)  the ρ (rho) protein is always required for termination 
C)  a unique series of three bases leads to termination 
D)  inverted-repeat sequences in the DNA being transcribed can lead to termination

Question 2

Which of the following is true about riboswitches:

Accepted Answer

A)  They have a molecule sensing domain called an aptamer 
B)  There are known pathogens that use riboswitches as part of their mechanism 
C)  They respond to specific molecules and control translation in a way that is often similar to transcription attenuation 
D)  They contain a sensing domain and a decision making domain 
E)  All of these 
A)  They have a molecule sensing domain called an aptamer 
B)  There are known pathogens that use riboswitches as part of their mechanism 
C)  They respond to specific molecules and control translation in a way that is often similar to transcription attenuation 
D)  They contain a sensing domain and a decision making domain 
E)  All of these

Question 3

Which of the following statements about the various RNA Polymerases in eukaryotes is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Permanent RNAs, such as tRNA and rRNA use different RNA Polymerases. 
B)  The different RNA Polymerases share some subunits. 
C)  The RNA Polymerase for mRNA is designated RNA Pol II. 
D)  Eukaryotic RNA polymerases are generally monomeric. 
A)  Permanent RNAs, such as tRNA and rRNA use different RNA Polymerases. 
B)  The different RNA Polymerases share some subunits. 
C)  The RNA Polymerase for mRNA is designated RNA Pol II. 
D)  Eukaryotic RNA polymerases are generally monomeric.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the order of events at the promoter?

Accepted Answer

A)  open complex → closed complex → transcription initiation 
B)  closed complex → open complex → transcription initiation 
C)  open complex → transcription initiation → closed complex 
D)  transcription initiation → open complex → closed complex 
A)  open complex → closed complex → transcription initiation 
B)  closed complex → open complex → transcription initiation 
C)  open complex → transcription initiation → closed complex 
D)  transcription initiation → open complex → closed complex

Question 5

The weakness of A−U base pairs at the end of the RNA molecule may help in dissociation of the new RNA product.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

A transcription factor is

Accepted Answer

A)  a subunit of RNA polymerase II that does not have a prokaryotic analogue. 
B)  the part of the promoter sequence closest to the start of transcription. 
C)  a protein other than RNA polymerase that is involved in transcription. 
D)  a sequence that determines whether an upstream element will be an enhancer or silencer. 
A)  a subunit of RNA polymerase II that does not have a prokaryotic analogue. 
B)  the part of the promoter sequence closest to the start of transcription. 
C)  a protein other than RNA polymerase that is involved in transcription. 
D)  a sequence that determines whether an upstream element will be an enhancer or silencer.

Question 7

Inducers allow for a system in which an enzyme is not made unless it is needed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The combination of events revolving around chromatin remodeling that controls transcription is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  The genetic code 
B)  The second genetic code 
C)  The histone code 
D)  Histone deacetylase code 
E)  None of these 
A)  The genetic code 
B)  The second genetic code 
C)  The histone code 
D)  Histone deacetylase code 
E)  None of these

Question 9

Intracellular levels of cyclic AMP can affect the phosphorylation of proteins and enzymes as a secondary messenger.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The promoter site is

Accepted Answer

A)  the start site for transcription in DNA 
B)  the binding site for regulatory proteins that stimulate transcription 
C)  the general region of DNA downstream from the start site 
D)  the site on DNA at which RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription 
E)  None of these 
A)  the start site for transcription in DNA 
B)  the binding site for regulatory proteins that stimulate transcription 
C)  the general region of DNA downstream from the start site 
D)  the site on DNA at which RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription 
E)  None of these

Question 11

Which of the following is not a structural motif encountered in DNA-binding proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  helix-turn-helix 
B)  leucine zipper 
C)  zinc finger 
D)  β−barrel 
A)  helix-turn-helix 
B)  leucine zipper 
C)  zinc finger 
D)  β−barrel

Question 12

Which ends of eukaryotic mRNA are protected from degradation?

Accepted Answer

A)  5' end only 
B)  3' end only 
C)  Both ends 
D)  Neither end 
E)  The RNA is circular and has no ends. 
A)  5' end only 
B)  3' end only 
C)  Both ends 
D)  Neither end 
E)  The RNA is circular and has no ends.

Question 13

Which of the following is involved in regulation of eukaryotic transcription?

Accepted Answer

A)  Histone acetyltransferase 
B)  Histone deacetylase 
C)  Chromatin remodeling complexes 
D)  Octamer sliding 
E)  All of the choices 
A)  Histone acetyltransferase 
B)  Histone deacetylase 
C)  Chromatin remodeling complexes 
D)  Octamer sliding 
E)  All of the choices

Question 14

How do eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA polymerases compare?

Accepted Answer

A)  Since eukaryotic RNA polymerases are more complex, little homology has been found between the actual protein sequences in the catalytic subunits. 
B)  Since eukaryotic transcription is less complex than in prokaryotes, monomeric RNA polymerases are used. 
C)  Despite their added complexity, eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA polymerases are generally homologous. 
D)  Eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA polymerases are virtually identical. 
A)  Since eukaryotic RNA polymerases are more complex, little homology has been found between the actual protein sequences in the catalytic subunits. 
B)  Since eukaryotic transcription is less complex than in prokaryotes, monomeric RNA polymerases are used. 
C)  Despite their added complexity, eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA polymerases are generally homologous. 
D)  Eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA polymerases are virtually identical.

Question 15

Which of the following is true about micro RNAs?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are a type of non-coding RNA 
B)  They are a type of small interfering RNA 
C)  They have been found only in simple organisms like roundworms 
D)  All of these are true 
A)  They are a type of non-coding RNA 
B)  They are a type of small interfering RNA 
C)  They have been found only in simple organisms like roundworms 
D)  All of these are true

Question 16

Which of the following best describes leucine zipper motifs?

Accepted Answer

A)  They allow protein-protein interactions via hydrophobic bonds. 
B)  They allow protein-protein interactions via hydrogen bonds. 
C)  They allow protein-protein interactions via electrostatic interactions. 
D)  They allow protein-DNA interactions by fitting into the major groove of DNA. 
A)  They allow protein-protein interactions via hydrophobic bonds. 
B)  They allow protein-protein interactions via hydrogen bonds. 
C)  They allow protein-protein interactions via electrostatic interactions. 
D)  They allow protein-DNA interactions by fitting into the major groove of DNA.

Question 17

A mutation in the lac A gene would result in

Accepted Answer

A)  continuous production of the proteins encoded by the three structural genes 
B)  continuous production of the lac repressor 
C)  normal operation of the lac operon, but with an alteration in the proteins encoded by the lac A gene 
D)  no transcription from the lac operon 
A)  continuous production of the proteins encoded by the three structural genes 
B)  continuous production of the lac repressor 
C)  normal operation of the lac operon, but with an alteration in the proteins encoded by the lac A gene 
D)  no transcription from the lac operon

Question 18

At what point does the sigma (σ) subunit of RNA polymerase released from the core enzyme?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prior to the incorporation of any nucleotides into an RNA strand. 
B)  After transcription begins and about 10 nucleotides have been added to the RNA chain. 
C)  Just prior to chain termination. 
D)  Never; it is an intrinsic part of the core enzyme. 
E)  After RNA polymerase discovers an inverted repeat 
A)  Prior to the incorporation of any nucleotides into an RNA strand. 
B)  After transcription begins and about 10 nucleotides have been added to the RNA chain. 
C)  Just prior to chain termination. 
D)  Never; it is an intrinsic part of the core enzyme. 
E)  After RNA polymerase discovers an inverted repeat

Exam 11: Transcription of the Genetic Code: Biosynthesis of RNA

In prokaryotic RNA synthesis

Which of the following is true about riboswitches:

Which of the following statements about the various RNA Polymerases in eukaryotes is false?

Which of the following best describes the order of events at the promoter?

The weakness of A−U base pairs at the end of the RNA molecule may help in dissociation of the new RNA product.

A transcription factor is

Inducers allow for a system in which an enzyme is not made unless it is needed.

The combination of events revolving around chromatin remodeling that controls transcription is known as:

Intracellular levels of cyclic AMP can affect the phosphorylation of proteins and enzymes as a secondary messenger.

The promoter site is

Which of the following is not a structural motif encountered in DNA-binding proteins?

Which ends of eukaryotic mRNA are protected from degradation?

Which of the following is involved in regulation of eukaryotic transcription?

How do eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA polymerases compare?

Which of the following is true about micro RNAs?

Which of the following best describes leucine zipper motifs?

A mutation in the lac A gene would result in

At what point does the sigma (σ) subunit of RNA polymerase released from the core enzyme?

Biochemistry and the Organization of Cells

Water: the Solvent for Biochemical Reactions

Amino Acids and Peptides

The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Purification and Characterization Techniques

The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes

The Behavior of Proteins: Enzymes, Mechanisms, and Control

Lipids and Proteins Are Associated in Biological Membranes

Nucleic Acids: How Structure Conveys Information

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids: Replication

Protein Synthesis: Translation of the Genetic Message

Nucleic Acid Biotechnology Techniques

Viruses, Cancer, and Immunology

The Importance of Energy Changes and Electron Transfer in Metabolism

Carbohydrates

Glycolysis

Storage Mechanisms and Control in Carbohydrate Metabolism

The Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Lipid Metabolism

Photosynthesis

The Metabolism of Nitrogen

Integration of Metabolism: Cellular Signaling

Filters