Exam 21: Forward and Futures Contracts

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The most popular financial futures in terms of average daily volume is the

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In late January 2011,Starlight Corporation is considering the sale of $50 million in 10-year debentures rated AAA.The issue will most likely be registered and sold some time in April.Therefore,Starlight Corporation desires to hedge the pending issue using Treasury bond futures contracts each representing $100,000.Explain how you would go about hedging the bond issue?

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Interest rate parity is a key concept in managing risk in the commodities market.

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An investor who wants a long position in a ____ must first place the order with a broker,who then passes it on to the trading pit or electronic network.Details of the order are then passed on to the exchange clearinghouse.

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Exhibit 21.12 Use the Information Below for the Following Problem(S) Suppose you are a loan officer for a commercial bank and one of your clients has just approached you about a one-year loan for $4,000,000. Interest on the new loan will be paid at the end of each quarter based on the prevailing level of LIBOR at the beginning of each quarter. The LIBOR yield curve in the cash market is as follows: 90 -day LIBOR 2.70\% 180 -day LIBOR 2.85\% 270 -day LIBOR 3.10\% 360 -day LIBOR 3.40\% -Refer to Exhibit 21.12.What is the implied 90-day forward rate at the beginning of the second quarter?

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Some forward contracts,particularly in the foreign exchange market,are quite standard and liquid.

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In the absence of arbitrage opportunities,the forward contract price should be equal to the current price plus

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Exhibit 21.5 Use the Information Below for the Following Problem(S) The S&P 500 stock index is at 1100. The annualized interest rate is 3.5% and the annualized dividend is 2%. -Refer to Exhibit 21.5.Calculate the price of the futures contract now.

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Exhibit 21.10 Use the Information Below for the Following Problem(S) The S&P 500 stock index is at 1300. The annualized interest rate is 4.0% and the annualized dividend is 2%. You are currently considering purchasing a 2-month futures contract for your portfolio. -Refer to Exhibit 21.10.If the futures contract was currently available for 1280,indicate the appropriate strategy that would earn an arbitrage profit.

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In your portfolio you have $1 million of 20 year,8 5/8 percent bonds which are selling at 83.15 (or 83 15/32)against this position.Because you feel interest rates will rise you sell 10 bond futures at 81.15 (or 81 15/32)against this position.Two months later you decide to close your position.The bonds have fallen to 78 and the futures contracts are at 75.16 (75 16/32).Disregarding margin and transaction costs,what is your gain or loss?

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Exhibit 21.12 Use the Information Below for the Following Problem(S) Suppose you are a loan officer for a commercial bank and one of your clients has just approached you about a one-year loan for $4,000,000. Interest on the new loan will be paid at the end of each quarter based on the prevailing level of LIBOR at the beginning of each quarter. The LIBOR yield curve in the cash market is as follows: 90 -day LIBOR 2.70\% 180 -day LIBOR 2.85\% 270 -day LIBOR 3.10\% 360 -day LIBOR 3.40\% -Refer to Exhibit 21.12.What is the implied 90-day forward rate at the beginning of the third quarter?

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Assume that you manage a $50 million equity portfolio.The portfolio beta is 0.85.You anticipate a cash inflow of $5 million into the portfolio.Calculate the number of contracts you would need to hedge your position and indicate whether you would go short or long.Assume that the price of the S&P 500 futures contract is 1062 and the multiplier is 250.

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Exhibit 21.12 Use the Information Below for the Following Problem(S) Suppose you are a loan officer for a commercial bank and one of your clients has just approached you about a one-year loan for $4,000,000. Interest on the new loan will be paid at the end of each quarter based on the prevailing level of LIBOR at the beginning of each quarter. The LIBOR yield curve in the cash market is as follows: 90 -day LIBOR 2.70\% 180 -day LIBOR 2.85\% 270 -day LIBOR 3.10\% 360 -day LIBOR 3.40\% -Refer to Exhibit 21.12.A bond portfolio manager expects a cash inflow of $10,000,000.The manager plans to hedge potential risk with a Treasury futures contract with a value of $102,150.The conversion factor between the CTD and the bond specified in the Treasury futures contract is 0.88.The duration of bond portfolio is 6 years,and the duration of the CTD bond is 4.5 years.Indicate the number of contracts required and whether the position to be taken is short or long.

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Exhibit 21.5 Use the Information Below for the Following Problem(S) The S&P 500 stock index is at 1100. The annualized interest rate is 3.5% and the annualized dividend is 2%. -Refer to Exhibit 21.5.If the futures contract was currently available for 1250,calculate the arbitrage profit.

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Exhibit 21.3 Use the Information Below for the Following Problem(S) As a relationship officer for a money-center commercial bank, one of your corporate accounts has just approached you about a one-year loan for $3,000,000. The customer would pay a quarterly interest expense based on the prevailing level of LIBOR at the beginning of each quarter. As is the bank's convention on all such loans, the amount of the interest payment would then be paid at the end of the quarterly cycle when the new rate for the next cycle is determined. You observe the following LIBOR yield curve in the cash market: 90 -day LIBOR 4.70\% 180 -day LIBOR 4.85\% 270-day LIBOR 5.10\% 360-day LIBOR 5.40\% -Refer to Exhibit 21.3.If 90-day LIBOR rises to the levels "predicted" by the implied forward rates,what will the dollar level of the bank's interest receipt be at the end of the first quarter?

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Exhibit 21.10 Use the Information Below for the Following Problem(S) The S&P 500 stock index is at 1300. The annualized interest rate is 4.0% and the annualized dividend is 2%. You are currently considering purchasing a 2-month futures contract for your portfolio. -Refer to Exhibit 21.10.If the futures contract was currently available for 1350,calculate the arbitrage profit.

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Like hedging,arbitrage results in increased returns with a disproportional increase in risk.

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Exhibit 21.8 Use the Information Below for the Following Problem(S) Consider a portfolio manager with a $20,500,000 equity portfolio under management. The manager wishes to hedge against a decline in share values using stock index futures. Currently a stock index future is priced at 1250 and has a multiplier of 250. The portfolio beta is 1.25. -Refer to Exhibit 21.8.Calculate the number of contract required to hedge the risk exposure and indicate whether the manager should be short or long.

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Like future contracts,all forward contracts are processed by a clearing corporation.

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The inclusion of the following in the cost of carry model will increase the futures price

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