Question 1

The normal pH of the stomach is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​very acidic 
B)  ​slightly acidic 
C)  ​neutral 
D)  ​slightly alkaline 
E)  ​strongly alkaline 
A)  ​very acidic 
B)  ​slightly acidic 
C)  ​neutral 
D)  ​slightly alkaline 
E)  ​strongly alkaline

Question 2

The lipoprotein that contains the greatest proportion of triglycerides is the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​HDL 
B)  ​LDL 
C)  ​VLDL 
D)  ​chylomicron 
E)  ​lymph 
A)  ​HDL 
B)  ​LDL 
C)  ​VLDL 
D)  ​chylomicron 
E)  ​lymph

Question 3

Cold food should be stored at ____ or less.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​40° F 
B)  ​55° F 
C)  ​80° F 
D)  ​140° F 
E)  ​100° F 
A)  ​40° F 
B)  ​55° F 
C)  ​80° F 
D)  ​140° F 
E)  ​100° F

Question 4

Describe the route of blood in the vascular system in relation to digestion.

Accepted Answer

​The vascular or blood circulatory syste

Question 5

The nutrients that are digested in the small intestine are ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​carbohydrate, fat, and protein 
B)  ​fat, water, and fiber 
C)  ​protein, vitamins, and fiber 
D)  ​water, fiber, and minerals 
E)  ​carbohydrate, fiber, and minerals 
A)  ​carbohydrate, fat, and protein 
B)  ​fat, water, and fiber 
C)  ​protein, vitamins, and fiber 
D)  ​water, fiber, and minerals 
E)  ​carbohydrate, fiber, and minerals

Question 6

The lymphatic system ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​contains fluid with the same composition as blood 
B)  ​eventually drains into the blood circulatory system 
C)  ​carries chylomicrons to the intestines 
D)  ​is where metabolism of nutrients takes place 
E)  ​drains directly into the appendix 
A)  ​contains fluid with the same composition as blood 
B)  ​eventually drains into the blood circulatory system 
C)  ​carries chylomicrons to the intestines 
D)  ​is where metabolism of nutrients takes place 
E)  ​drains directly into the appendix

Question 7

Matching
-gallbladder

Accepted Answer

A) the oral cavity containing the tongue and teeth. 
B) the passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, respectively. 
C) a cartilage structure in the throat that prevents fluid or food from entering the trachea when a person swallows. 
D) the passageway from the mouth and nose to the lungs. 
E) the conduit from the mouth to the stomach.
F)the sphincter muscle at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach.
G)the sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
H)the organ that stores and concentrates bile.
I)a gland that secretes enzymes and digestive juices into the duodenum.
J)a 10-foot length of small-diameter (1-inch diameter) intestine that is the major site of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.
K)the top portion of the small intestine.
L)the first two-fifths of the small intestine beyond the duodenum.
M)the last segment of the small intestine.
N)the sphincter muscle separating the small and large intestines.
O)the last portion of the intestine, which absorbs water.
P)a narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the large intestine; stores lymphocytes.
Q)the muscular terminal part of the GI tract extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus.
R)the terminal sphincter muscle of the GI tract. 
A) the oral cavity containing the tongue and teeth. 
B) the passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, respectively. 
C) a cartilage structure in the throat that prevents fluid or food from entering the trachea when a person swallows. 
D) the passageway from the mouth and nose to the lungs. 
E) the conduit from the mouth to the stomach.
F)the sphincter muscle at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach.
G)the sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
H)the organ that stores and concentrates bile.
I)a gland that secretes enzymes and digestive juices into the duodenum.
J)a 10-foot length of small-diameter (1-inch diameter) intestine that is the major site of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.
K)the top portion of the small intestine.
L)the first two-fifths of the small intestine beyond the duodenum.
M)the last segment of the small intestine.
N)the sphincter muscle separating the small and large intestines.
O)the last portion of the intestine, which absorbs water.
P)a narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the large intestine; stores lymphocytes.
Q)the muscular terminal part of the GI tract extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus.
R)the terminal sphincter muscle of the GI tract.

Question 8

​Once the digestive process is complete, the colon retrieves ____, which the body must recycle.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​water and dissolved salts 
B)  ​iron and water 
C)  ​protein and sodium 
D)  ​water and fiber 
E)  ​urea and bile 
A)  ​water and dissolved salts 
B)  ​iron and water 
C)  ​protein and sodium 
D)  ​water and fiber 
E)  ​urea and bile

Question 9

Explain what determines the rate of digestion of the energy nutrients.

Accepted Answer

​The rate of digestion of the energy nut

Question 10

Describe the difference between low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). What is the relationship between blood levels of these lipoproteins and risk of heart disease?

Accepted Answer

​When necessary, the liver can assemble

Question 11

Matching
-pyloric sphincter

Accepted Answer

A) the oral cavity containing the tongue and teeth. 
B) the passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, respectively. 
C) a cartilage structure in the throat that prevents fluid or food from entering the trachea when a person swallows. 
D) the passageway from the mouth and nose to the lungs. 
E) the conduit from the mouth to the stomach.
F)the sphincter muscle at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach.
G)the sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
H)the organ that stores and concentrates bile.
I)a gland that secretes enzymes and digestive juices into the duodenum.
J)a 10-foot length of small-diameter (1-inch diameter) intestine that is the major site of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.
K)the top portion of the small intestine.
L)the first two-fifths of the small intestine beyond the duodenum.
M)the last segment of the small intestine.
N)the sphincter muscle separating the small and large intestines.
O)the last portion of the intestine, which absorbs water.
P)a narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the large intestine; stores lymphocytes.
Q)the muscular terminal part of the GI tract extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus.
R)the terminal sphincter muscle of the GI tract. 
A) the oral cavity containing the tongue and teeth. 
B) the passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, respectively. 
C) a cartilage structure in the throat that prevents fluid or food from entering the trachea when a person swallows. 
D) the passageway from the mouth and nose to the lungs. 
E) the conduit from the mouth to the stomach.
F)the sphincter muscle at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach.
G)the sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
H)the organ that stores and concentrates bile.
I)a gland that secretes enzymes and digestive juices into the duodenum.
J)a 10-foot length of small-diameter (1-inch diameter) intestine that is the major site of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.
K)the top portion of the small intestine.
L)the first two-fifths of the small intestine beyond the duodenum.
M)the last segment of the small intestine.
N)the sphincter muscle separating the small and large intestines.
O)the last portion of the intestine, which absorbs water.
P)a narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the large intestine; stores lymphocytes.
Q)the muscular terminal part of the GI tract extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus.
R)the terminal sphincter muscle of the GI tract.

Question 12

The gallbladder ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​reabsorbs water and salts 
B)  ​churns food to chyme 
C)  ​performs enzymatic digestion 
D)  ​stores bile 
E)  ​produces gall stones that aid in the digestion of fiber 
A)  ​reabsorbs water and salts 
B)  ​churns food to chyme 
C)  ​performs enzymatic digestion 
D)  ​stores bile 
E)  ​produces gall stones that aid in the digestion of fiber

Question 13

Immediately before passing into the large intestine, the food mass must pass though the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​pyloric sphincter 
B)  ​lower esophageal sphincter 
C)  ​ileocecal valve 
D)  ​bolus 
E)  ​pancreas 
A)  ​pyloric sphincter 
B)  ​lower esophageal sphincter 
C)  ​ileocecal valve 
D)  ​bolus 
E)  ​pancreas

Question 14

The major digestive work in the stomach is the initial breakdown of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​starch 
B)  ​proteins 
C)  ​fat 
D)  ​vitamins 
E)  ​minerals 
A)  ​starch 
B)  ​proteins 
C)  ​fat 
D)  ​vitamins 
E)  ​minerals

Question 15

Matching
-​epiglottis

Accepted Answer

A) the oral cavity containing the tongue and teeth. 
B) the passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, respectively. 
C) a cartilage structure in the throat that prevents fluid or food from entering the trachea when a person swallows. 
D) the passageway from the mouth and nose to the lungs. 
E) the conduit from the mouth to the stomach.
F)the sphincter muscle at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach.
G)the sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
H)the organ that stores and concentrates bile.
I)a gland that secretes enzymes and digestive juices into the duodenum.
J)a 10-foot length of small-diameter (1-inch diameter) intestine that is the major site of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.
K)the top portion of the small intestine.
L)the first two-fifths of the small intestine beyond the duodenum.
M)the last segment of the small intestine.
N)the sphincter muscle separating the small and large intestines.
O)the last portion of the intestine, which absorbs water.
P)a narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the large intestine; stores lymphocytes.
Q)the muscular terminal part of the GI tract extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus.
R)the terminal sphincter muscle of the GI tract. 
A) the oral cavity containing the tongue and teeth. 
B) the passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, respectively. 
C) a cartilage structure in the throat that prevents fluid or food from entering the trachea when a person swallows. 
D) the passageway from the mouth and nose to the lungs. 
E) the conduit from the mouth to the stomach.
F)the sphincter muscle at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach.
G)the sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
H)the organ that stores and concentrates bile.
I)a gland that secretes enzymes and digestive juices into the duodenum.
J)a 10-foot length of small-diameter (1-inch diameter) intestine that is the major site of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.
K)the top portion of the small intestine.
L)the first two-fifths of the small intestine beyond the duodenum.
M)the last segment of the small intestine.
N)the sphincter muscle separating the small and large intestines.
O)the last portion of the intestine, which absorbs water.
P)a narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the large intestine; stores lymphocytes.
Q)the muscular terminal part of the GI tract extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus.
R)the terminal sphincter muscle of the GI tract.

Question 16

In addition to hydrochloric acid, the stomach cells also secrete ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​mucus 
B)  ​bile 
C)  ​amylase 
D)  ​lipoproteins 
E)  ​lactase 
A)  ​mucus 
B)  ​bile 
C)  ​amylase 
D)  ​lipoproteins 
E)  ​lactase

Question 17

After absorption, the water-soluble nutrients are released directly into the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​bloodstream 
B)  ​kidneys 
C)  ​liver 
D)  ​lymph 
E)  ​nephrons 
A)  ​bloodstream 
B)  ​kidneys 
C)  ​liver 
D)  ​lymph 
E)  ​nephrons

Question 18

Matching
-anus

Accepted Answer

A) the oral cavity containing the tongue and teeth. 
B) the passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, respectively. 
C) a cartilage structure in the throat that prevents fluid or food from entering the trachea when a person swallows. 
D) the passageway from the mouth and nose to the lungs. 
E) the conduit from the mouth to the stomach.
F)the sphincter muscle at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach.
G)the sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
H)the organ that stores and concentrates bile.
I)a gland that secretes enzymes and digestive juices into the duodenum.
J)a 10-foot length of small-diameter (1-inch diameter) intestine that is the major site of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.
K)the top portion of the small intestine.
L)the first two-fifths of the small intestine beyond the duodenum.
M)the last segment of the small intestine.
N)the sphincter muscle separating the small and large intestines.
O)the last portion of the intestine, which absorbs water.
P)a narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the large intestine; stores lymphocytes.
Q)the muscular terminal part of the GI tract extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus.
R)the terminal sphincter muscle of the GI tract. 
A) the oral cavity containing the tongue and teeth. 
B) the passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, respectively. 
C) a cartilage structure in the throat that prevents fluid or food from entering the trachea when a person swallows. 
D) the passageway from the mouth and nose to the lungs. 
E) the conduit from the mouth to the stomach.
F)the sphincter muscle at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach.
G)the sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
H)the organ that stores and concentrates bile.
I)a gland that secretes enzymes and digestive juices into the duodenum.
J)a 10-foot length of small-diameter (1-inch diameter) intestine that is the major site of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.
K)the top portion of the small intestine.
L)the first two-fifths of the small intestine beyond the duodenum.
M)the last segment of the small intestine.
N)the sphincter muscle separating the small and large intestines.
O)the last portion of the intestine, which absorbs water.
P)a narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the large intestine; stores lymphocytes.
Q)the muscular terminal part of the GI tract extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus.
R)the terminal sphincter muscle of the GI tract.

Question 19

Which nutrients must be broken down in order to be absorbed?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​vitamins, minerals, and water 
B)  ​carbohydrate, vitamins, and minerals 
C)  ​fat, protein, and minerals 
D)  ​carbohydrate, protein, and fat 
E)  ​carbohydrate, protein, and vitamins 
A)  ​vitamins, minerals, and water 
B)  ​carbohydrate, vitamins, and minerals 
C)  ​fat, protein, and minerals 
D)  ​carbohydrate, protein, and fat 
E)  ​carbohydrate, protein, and vitamins

Question 20

Some partially digested nutrients can be caught in the microvilli, but they cannot be further digested.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 5: Digestion and Absorption

The normal pH of the stomach is ____.

The lipoprotein that contains the greatest proportion of triglycerides is the ____.

Cold food should be stored at ____ or less.

Describe the route of blood in the vascular system in relation to digestion.

The nutrients that are digested in the small intestine are ____.

The lymphatic system ____.

Matching -gallbladder

​Once the digestive process is complete, the colon retrieves ____, which the body must recycle.

Explain what determines the rate of digestion of the energy nutrients.

Describe the difference between low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). What is the relationship between blood levels of these lipoproteins and risk of heart disease?

Matching -pyloric sphincter

The gallbladder ____.

Immediately before passing into the large intestine, the food mass must pass though the ____.

The major digestive work in the stomach is the initial breakdown of ____.

Matching -​epiglottis

In addition to hydrochloric acid, the stomach cells also secrete ____.

After absorption, the water-soluble nutrients are released directly into the ____.

Matching -anus

Which nutrients must be broken down in order to be absorbed?

Some partially digested nutrients can be caught in the microvilli, but they cannot be further digested.

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Metabolism Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management Overweight and Underweight

The Vitamins

Water and the Minerals

Fitness and Nutrition

Nutrition Through the Life Span Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition Through the Life Span Infancy Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span Later Adulthood

Illness and Nutrition Care

Medications - Diet Drug Interactions - and Herbal Supplements

Specialized Nutrition Support - Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition

Foods and Food Consistency for Upper Gi Disorders

Fiber-Modified Diets for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Carbohydrate - and Fat Modified Diets for Malabsorption Disorders

Nutrition Therapy for Liver and Gallbladder Diseases

Carbohydrate Controlled Diets for Diabetes Mellitus

Fat Controlled - Mineral Modified Diets for Cardiovascular Diseases

Protein - Mineral - and Fluid Modified Diets for Kidney Diseases

Energy - and Protein - Modified Diets for Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Energy - and Protein - Modified Diets for Cancer and HIV Infection

Filters

Once the digestive process is complete, the colon retrieves ____, which the body must recycle.

Matching -epiglottis