Question 1

Explain the benefits of intestinal flora to health.

Accepted Answer

​GI bacteria protect people from infecti

Question 2

The ____ is formed in the mouth.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​bile 
B)  ​bolus 
C)  ​chyme 
D)  ​villus 
E)  ​sphincter 
A)  ​bile 
B)  ​bolus 
C)  ​chyme 
D)  ​villus 
E)  ​sphincter

Question 3

Which nutrient takes the longest to digest?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​fat 
B)  ​sugar 
C)  ​vitamin C 
D)  ​iron 
E)  ​magnesium 
A)  ​fat 
B)  ​sugar 
C)  ​vitamin C 
D)  ​iron 
E)  ​magnesium

Question 4

The ____ is the body's major metabolic organ.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​pancreas 
B)  ​small intestine 
C)  ​gallbladder 
D)  ​liver 
E)  ​thyroid 
A)  ​pancreas 
B)  ​small intestine 
C)  ​gallbladder 
D)  ​liver 
E)  ​thyroid

Question 5

Should antacids be taken to decrease the strong acidity of the stomach? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

​No, because the stomach's strong acidit

Question 6

Matching
-small intestine

Accepted Answer

A) the oral cavity containing the tongue and teeth. 
B) the passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, respectively. 
C) a cartilage structure in the throat that prevents fluid or food from entering the trachea when a person swallows. 
D) the passageway from the mouth and nose to the lungs. 
E) the conduit from the mouth to the stomach.
F)the sphincter muscle at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach.
G)the sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
H)the organ that stores and concentrates bile.
I)a gland that secretes enzymes and digestive juices into the duodenum.
J)a 10-foot length of small-diameter (1-inch diameter) intestine that is the major site of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.
K)the top portion of the small intestine.
L)the first two-fifths of the small intestine beyond the duodenum.
M)the last segment of the small intestine.
N)the sphincter muscle separating the small and large intestines.
O)the last portion of the intestine, which absorbs water.
P)a narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the large intestine; stores lymphocytes.
Q)the muscular terminal part of the GI tract extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus.
R)the terminal sphincter muscle of the GI tract. 
A) the oral cavity containing the tongue and teeth. 
B) the passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, respectively. 
C) a cartilage structure in the throat that prevents fluid or food from entering the trachea when a person swallows. 
D) the passageway from the mouth and nose to the lungs. 
E) the conduit from the mouth to the stomach.
F)the sphincter muscle at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach.
G)the sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
H)the organ that stores and concentrates bile.
I)a gland that secretes enzymes and digestive juices into the duodenum.
J)a 10-foot length of small-diameter (1-inch diameter) intestine that is the major site of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.
K)the top portion of the small intestine.
L)the first two-fifths of the small intestine beyond the duodenum.
M)the last segment of the small intestine.
N)the sphincter muscle separating the small and large intestines.
O)the last portion of the intestine, which absorbs water.
P)a narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the large intestine; stores lymphocytes.
Q)the muscular terminal part of the GI tract extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus.
R)the terminal sphincter muscle of the GI tract.

Question 7

The function of mucus in the stomach is to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​neutralize stomach acid 
B)  ​activate pepsinogen to pepsin 
C)  ​protect stomach cells from gastric juices 
D)  ​emulsify fats 
E)  ​denature proteins 
A)  ​neutralize stomach acid 
B)  ​activate pepsinogen to pepsin 
C)  ​protect stomach cells from gastric juices 
D)  ​emulsify fats 
E)  ​denature proteins

Question 8

People should not eat certain food combinations at the same meal because the digestive system cannot handle more than one task at a time.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Matching
-lower esophageal sphincter

Accepted Answer

A) the oral cavity containing the tongue and teeth. 
B) the passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, respectively. 
C) a cartilage structure in the throat that prevents fluid or food from entering the trachea when a person swallows. 
D) the passageway from the mouth and nose to the lungs. 
E) the conduit from the mouth to the stomach.
F)the sphincter muscle at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach.
G)the sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
H)the organ that stores and concentrates bile.
I)a gland that secretes enzymes and digestive juices into the duodenum.
J)a 10-foot length of small-diameter (1-inch diameter) intestine that is the major site of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.
K)the top portion of the small intestine.
L)the first two-fifths of the small intestine beyond the duodenum.
M)the last segment of the small intestine.
N)the sphincter muscle separating the small and large intestines.
O)the last portion of the intestine, which absorbs water.
P)a narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the large intestine; stores lymphocytes.
Q)the muscular terminal part of the GI tract extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus.
R)the terminal sphincter muscle of the GI tract. 
A) the oral cavity containing the tongue and teeth. 
B) the passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, respectively. 
C) a cartilage structure in the throat that prevents fluid or food from entering the trachea when a person swallows. 
D) the passageway from the mouth and nose to the lungs. 
E) the conduit from the mouth to the stomach.
F)the sphincter muscle at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach.
G)the sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
H)the organ that stores and concentrates bile.
I)a gland that secretes enzymes and digestive juices into the duodenum.
J)a 10-foot length of small-diameter (1-inch diameter) intestine that is the major site of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.
K)the top portion of the small intestine.
L)the first two-fifths of the small intestine beyond the duodenum.
M)the last segment of the small intestine.
N)the sphincter muscle separating the small and large intestines.
O)the last portion of the intestine, which absorbs water.
P)a narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the large intestine; stores lymphocytes.
Q)the muscular terminal part of the GI tract extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus.
R)the terminal sphincter muscle of the GI tract.

Question 10

Matching
-rectum

Accepted Answer

A) the oral cavity containing the tongue and teeth. 
B) the passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, respectively. 
C) a cartilage structure in the throat that prevents fluid or food from entering the trachea when a person swallows. 
D) the passageway from the mouth and nose to the lungs. 
E) the conduit from the mouth to the stomach.
F)the sphincter muscle at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach.
G)the sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
H)the organ that stores and concentrates bile.
I)a gland that secretes enzymes and digestive juices into the duodenum.
J)a 10-foot length of small-diameter (1-inch diameter) intestine that is the major site of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.
K)the top portion of the small intestine.
L)the first two-fifths of the small intestine beyond the duodenum.
M)the last segment of the small intestine.
N)the sphincter muscle separating the small and large intestines.
O)the last portion of the intestine, which absorbs water.
P)a narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the large intestine; stores lymphocytes.
Q)the muscular terminal part of the GI tract extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus.
R)the terminal sphincter muscle of the GI tract. 
A) the oral cavity containing the tongue and teeth. 
B) the passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, respectively. 
C) a cartilage structure in the throat that prevents fluid or food from entering the trachea when a person swallows. 
D) the passageway from the mouth and nose to the lungs. 
E) the conduit from the mouth to the stomach.
F)the sphincter muscle at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach.
G)the sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
H)the organ that stores and concentrates bile.
I)a gland that secretes enzymes and digestive juices into the duodenum.
J)a 10-foot length of small-diameter (1-inch diameter) intestine that is the major site of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.
K)the top portion of the small intestine.
L)the first two-fifths of the small intestine beyond the duodenum.
M)the last segment of the small intestine.
N)the sphincter muscle separating the small and large intestines.
O)the last portion of the intestine, which absorbs water.
P)a narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the large intestine; stores lymphocytes.
Q)the muscular terminal part of the GI tract extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus.
R)the terminal sphincter muscle of the GI tract.

Question 11

Which substance contains no digestive enzymes?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​saliva 
B)  ​gastric juice 
C)  ​intestinal juice 
D)  ​bile 
E)  ​pancreatic juice 
A)  ​saliva 
B)  ​gastric juice 
C)  ​intestinal juice 
D)  ​bile 
E)  ​pancreatic juice

Question 12

A benefit of fiber is that it ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​promotes mineral absorption 
B)  ​aids in keeping stools soft 
C)  ​inhibits peristalsis 
D)  ​keeps individual foods from getting mixed together 
E)  ​speeds excretion of toxins 
A)  ​promotes mineral absorption 
B)  ​aids in keeping stools soft 
C)  ​inhibits peristalsis 
D)  ​keeps individual foods from getting mixed together 
E)  ​speeds excretion of toxins

Question 13

Elevated HDL concentrations are associated with a low risk of heart disease because they ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​transport newly absorbed lipids from intestinal cells to the rest of the body 
B)  ​carry cholesterol and triglycerides from the liver to the rest of the body 
C)  ​carry lipids around in the blood more than LDL 
D)  ​take excess cholesterol and phospholipids from the tissues and return them to the liver 
E)  ​take excess cholesterol and phospholipids to the tissues and away from the liver 
A)  ​transport newly absorbed lipids from intestinal cells to the rest of the body 
B)  ​carry cholesterol and triglycerides from the liver to the rest of the body 
C)  ​carry lipids around in the blood more than LDL 
D)  ​take excess cholesterol and phospholipids from the tissues and return them to the liver 
E)  ​take excess cholesterol and phospholipids to the tissues and away from the liver

Question 14

The major digestive enzyme secreted by the stomach is ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​amylase 
B)  ​lipase 
C)  ​pepsin 
D)  ​disaccharidase 
E)  ​pepsid 
A)  ​amylase 
B)  ​lipase 
C)  ​pepsin 
D)  ​disaccharidase 
E)  ​pepsid

Question 15

Matching
-esophagus

Accepted Answer

A) the oral cavity containing the tongue and teeth. 
B) the passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, respectively. 
C) a cartilage structure in the throat that prevents fluid or food from entering the trachea when a person swallows. 
D) the passageway from the mouth and nose to the lungs. 
E) the conduit from the mouth to the stomach.
F)the sphincter muscle at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach.
G)the sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
H)the organ that stores and concentrates bile.
I)a gland that secretes enzymes and digestive juices into the duodenum.
J)a 10-foot length of small-diameter (1-inch diameter) intestine that is the major site of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.
K)the top portion of the small intestine.
L)the first two-fifths of the small intestine beyond the duodenum.
M)the last segment of the small intestine.
N)the sphincter muscle separating the small and large intestines.
O)the last portion of the intestine, which absorbs water.
P)a narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the large intestine; stores lymphocytes.
Q)the muscular terminal part of the GI tract extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus.
R)the terminal sphincter muscle of the GI tract. 
A) the oral cavity containing the tongue and teeth. 
B) the passageway leading from the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus, respectively. 
C) a cartilage structure in the throat that prevents fluid or food from entering the trachea when a person swallows. 
D) the passageway from the mouth and nose to the lungs. 
E) the conduit from the mouth to the stomach.
F)the sphincter muscle at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach.
G)the sphincter muscle separating the stomach from the small intestine.
H)the organ that stores and concentrates bile.
I)a gland that secretes enzymes and digestive juices into the duodenum.
J)a 10-foot length of small-diameter (1-inch diameter) intestine that is the major site of digestion of food and absorption of nutrients.
K)the top portion of the small intestine.
L)the first two-fifths of the small intestine beyond the duodenum.
M)the last segment of the small intestine.
N)the sphincter muscle separating the small and large intestines.
O)the last portion of the intestine, which absorbs water.
P)a narrow blind sac extending from the beginning of the large intestine; stores lymphocytes.
Q)the muscular terminal part of the GI tract extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus.
R)the terminal sphincter muscle of the GI tract.

Question 16

Fats present in the GI tract ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​slow down the process of digestion and absorption 
B)  ​cause difficulty in digestion 
C)  ​stimulate and hasten digestion and absorption 
D)  ​are carriers of thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin 
E)  ​stimulate the absorption of minerals 
A)  ​slow down the process of digestion and absorption 
B)  ​cause difficulty in digestion 
C)  ​stimulate and hasten digestion and absorption 
D)  ​are carriers of thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin 
E)  ​stimulate the absorption of minerals

Question 17

Which organ contributes juices to the GI tract during digestion?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​mesenchyme 
B)  ​colon 
C)  ​renal glands 
D)  ​pancreas 
E)  ​esophagus 
A)  ​mesenchyme 
B)  ​colon 
C)  ​renal glands 
D)  ​pancreas 
E)  ​esophagus

Question 18

Which recommendation is appropriate for preventing foodborne illnesses?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Fresh produce should be washed before it is eaten. 
B)  ​Only new sponges and towels should be used in the kitchen. 
C)  ​Leftovers can safely be covered and left at room temperature until the next meal. 
D)  ​Meats should be marinated at room temperature. 
E)  ​Vegetables should be cooked and never eaten raw. 
A)  ​Fresh produce should be washed before it is eaten. 
B)  ​Only new sponges and towels should be used in the kitchen. 
C)  ​Leftovers can safely be covered and left at room temperature until the next meal. 
D)  ​Meats should be marinated at room temperature. 
E)  ​Vegetables should be cooked and never eaten raw.

Question 19

After absorption, the larger fats and fat-soluble vitamins are first released into the ____ transport system.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​excretory 
B)  ​mesentery 
C)  ​vascular 
D)  ​lymphatic 
E)  ​digestible 
A)  ​excretory 
B)  ​mesentery 
C)  ​vascular 
D)  ​lymphatic 
E)  ​digestible

Question 20

Villi are found in the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​esophagus 
B)  ​stomach 
C)  ​small intestine 
D)  ​large intestine 
E)  ​colon 
A)  ​esophagus 
B)  ​stomach 
C)  ​small intestine 
D)  ​large intestine 
E)  ​colon

Exam 5: Digestion and Absorption

Explain the benefits of intestinal flora to health.

The ____ is formed in the mouth.

Which nutrient takes the longest to digest?

The ____ is the body's major metabolic organ.

Should antacids be taken to decrease the strong acidity of the stomach? Explain your answer.

Matching -small intestine

The function of mucus in the stomach is to ____.

People should not eat certain food combinations at the same meal because the digestive system cannot handle more than one task at a time.

Matching -lower esophageal sphincter

Matching -rectum

Which substance contains no digestive enzymes?

A benefit of fiber is that it ____.

Elevated HDL concentrations are associated with a low risk of heart disease because they ____.

The major digestive enzyme secreted by the stomach is ____.

Matching -esophagus

Fats present in the GI tract ____.

Which organ contributes juices to the GI tract during digestion?

Which recommendation is appropriate for preventing foodborne illnesses?

After absorption, the larger fats and fat-soluble vitamins are first released into the ____ transport system.

Villi are found in the ____.

Overview of Nutrition and Health

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Protein

Metabolism Energy Balance and Body Composition

Weight Management Overweight and Underweight

The Vitamins

Water and the Minerals

Fitness and Nutrition

Nutrition Through the Life Span Pregnancy and Lactation

Nutrition Through the Life Span Infancy Childhood and Adolescence

Nutrition Through the Life Span Later Adulthood

Illness and Nutrition Care

Medications - Diet Drug Interactions - and Herbal Supplements

Specialized Nutrition Support - Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition

Foods and Food Consistency for Upper Gi Disorders

Fiber-Modified Diets for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Carbohydrate - and Fat Modified Diets for Malabsorption Disorders

Nutrition Therapy for Liver and Gallbladder Diseases

Carbohydrate Controlled Diets for Diabetes Mellitus

Fat Controlled - Mineral Modified Diets for Cardiovascular Diseases

Protein - Mineral - and Fluid Modified Diets for Kidney Diseases

Energy - and Protein - Modified Diets for Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Energy - and Protein - Modified Diets for Cancer and HIV Infection

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