Question 1

Real options affect the size,but not the risk,of a project's expected cash flows.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

Real options exist when managers have the opportunity,after a project has been implemented,to make operating changes in response to changed conditions that modify the project's cash flows.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 3

Which of the following will NOT increase the value of a real option?

Accepted Answer

A)  An increase in the volatility of the underlying source of risk. 
B)  An increase in the risk-free rate. 
C)  An increase in the cost of obtaining the real option. 
D)  A decrease in the probability that a competitor will enter the market of the project in question. 
E)  Lengthening the time in which a real option must be exercised. 
A)  An increase in the volatility of the underlying source of risk. 
B)  An increase in the risk-free rate. 
C)  An increase in the cost of obtaining the real option. 
D)  A decrease in the probability that a competitor will enter the market of the project in question. 
E)  Lengthening the time in which a real option must be exercised. C

Question 4

Real options are most valuable when the underlying source of risk is very low.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following is most CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  Real options change the risk, but not the size, of projects' expected cash flows. 
B)  Real options are likely to reduce the cost of capital that should be used to discount a project's expected cash flows. 
C)  Very few projects actually have real options. 
D)  Real options are less valuable when there is a lot of uncertainty about the true values future sales and costs. 
E)  Real options change the size, but not the risk, of projects' expected cash flows. 
A)  Real options change the risk, but not the size, of projects' expected cash flows. 
B)  Real options are likely to reduce the cost of capital that should be used to discount a project's expected cash flows. 
C)  Very few projects actually have real options. 
D)  Real options are less valuable when there is a lot of uncertainty about the true values future sales and costs. 
E)  Real options change the size, but not the risk, of projects' expected cash flows.

Question 6

The option to abandon a project is a real option,but a call option on a stock is not a real option.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Ashgate Enterprises uses the NPV method for selecting projects,and it does a reasonably good job of estimating projects' sales and costs.However,it never considers real options that might be associated with projects.Which of the following statements is most likely to describe its situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Its estimated capital budget is probably too large due to its failure to consider abandonment and growth options. 
B)  Failing to consider abandonment and flexibility options probably makes the optimal capital budget too large, but failing to consider growth and timing options probably makes the optimal capital budget too small, so it is unclear what impact not considering real options has on the overall capital budget. 
C)  Failing to consider abandonment and flexibility options probably makes the optimal capital budget too small, but failing to consider growth and timing options probably makes the optimal capital budget too large, so it is unclear what impact not considering real options has on the overall capital budget. 
D)  Real options should not have any effect on the size of the optimal capital budget. 
E)  Its estimated capital budget is probably too small, because projects' NPVs are often larger when real options are taken into account. 
A)  Its estimated capital budget is probably too large due to its failure to consider abandonment and growth options. 
B)  Failing to consider abandonment and flexibility options probably makes the optimal capital budget too large, but failing to consider growth and timing options probably makes the optimal capital budget too small, so it is unclear what impact not considering real options has on the overall capital budget. 
C)  Failing to consider abandonment and flexibility options probably makes the optimal capital budget too small, but failing to consider growth and timing options probably makes the optimal capital budget too large, so it is unclear what impact not considering real options has on the overall capital budget. 
D)  Real options should not have any effect on the size of the optimal capital budget. 
E)  Its estimated capital budget is probably too small, because projects' NPVs are often larger when real options are taken into account.

Question 8

Which one of the following is an example of a "flexibility" option?

Accepted Answer

A)  A company has an option to close down an operation if it turns out to be unprofitable. 
B)  A company agrees to pay more to build a plant in order to be able to change the plant's inputs and/or outputs at a later date if conditions change. 
C)  A company invests in a project today to gain knowledge that may enable it to expand into different markets at a later date. 
D)  A company invests in a jet aircraft so that its CEO, who must travel frequently, can arrive for distant meetings feeling less tired than if he had to fly commercial. 
E)  A company has an option to invest in a project today or to wait a year. 
A)  A company has an option to close down an operation if it turns out to be unprofitable. 
B)  A company agrees to pay more to build a plant in order to be able to change the plant's inputs and/or outputs at a later date if conditions change. 
C)  A company invests in a project today to gain knowledge that may enable it to expand into different markets at a later date. 
D)  A company invests in a jet aircraft so that its CEO, who must travel frequently, can arrive for distant meetings feeling less tired than if he had to fly commercial. 
E)  A company has an option to invest in a project today or to wait a year.

Question 9

Whether to invest in a project today or to postpone the decision until next year is a decision facing the CEO of the Aaron Co.The project has a positive expected NPV,but its cash flows could be less than expected,in which case the NPV could be negative.No competitors are likely to invest in a similar project if Aaron decides to wait.Which of the following statements best describes the issues that Aaron faces when considering this investment timing option?

Accepted Answer

A)  The more uncertainty about the future cash flows, the more logical it is for Aaron to go ahead with this project today. 
B)  Since the project has a positive expected NPV today, this means that its expected NPV will be even higher if it chooses to wait a year. 
C)  Since the project has a positive expected NPV today, this means that it should be accepted in order to lock in that NPV. 
D)  Waiting would probably reduce the project's risk. 
E)  The investment timing option does not affect the cash flows and will therefore have no impact on the project's risk. 
A)  The more uncertainty about the future cash flows, the more logical it is for Aaron to go ahead with this project today. 
B)  Since the project has a positive expected NPV today, this means that its expected NPV will be even higher if it chooses to wait a year. 
C)  Since the project has a positive expected NPV today, this means that it should be accepted in order to lock in that NPV. 
D)  Waiting would probably reduce the project's risk. 
E)  The investment timing option does not affect the cash flows and will therefore have no impact on the project's risk.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a real option?

Accepted Answer

A)  The option to buy shares of stock if its price goes up. 
B)  The option to expand into a new geographic region. 
C)  The option to abandon a project. 
D)  The option to switch the type of fuel used in an industrial furnace. 
E)  The option to expand production if the product is successful. 
A)  The option to buy shares of stock if its price goes up. 
B)  The option to expand into a new geographic region. 
C)  The option to abandon a project. 
D)  The option to switch the type of fuel used in an industrial furnace. 
E)  The option to expand production if the product is successful.

Question 11

Real options are options to buy real assets,like stocks,rather than interest-bearing assets,like bonds.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 26: Real Options

Real options affect the size,but not the risk,of a project's expected cash flows.

Real options exist when managers have the opportunity,after a project has been implemented,to make operating changes in response to changed conditions that modify the project's cash flows.

Which of the following will NOT increase the value of a real option?

Real options are most valuable when the underlying source of risk is very low.

Which of the following is most CORRECT?

The option to abandon a project is a real option,but a call option on a stock is not a real option.

Ashgate Enterprises uses the NPV method for selecting projects,and it does a reasonably good job of estimating projects' sales and costs.However,it never considers real options that might be associated with projects.Which of the following statements is most likely to describe its situation?

Which one of the following is an example of a "flexibility" option?

Which of the following is NOT a real option?

Real options are options to buy real assets,like stocks,rather than interest-bearing assets,like bonds.

An Overview of Financial Management and the Financial Environment

Financial Statements, cash Flow, and Taxes

Analysis of Financial Statements

Time Value of Money

Bonds, bond Valuation, and Interest Rates

Risk and Return

Valuation of Stocks and Corporations

Financial Options and Applications in Corporate Finance

The Cost of Capital

The Basics of Capital Budgeting: Evaluating Cash Flows

Cash Flow Estimation and Risk Analysis

Corporate Valuation and Financial Planning

Agency Conflicts and Corporate Governance

Distributions to Shareholders: Dividends and Repurchases

Capital Structure Decisions

Supply Chains and Working Capital Management

Multinational Financial Management

Public and Private Financing: Initial Offerings, seasoned Offerings, and Investment Banks

Extension 18 A: Rights Offerings

Lease Financing

Hybrid Financing: Preferred Stock, warrants, and Convertibles

Dynamic Capital Structures

Mergers and Corporate Control

Enterprise Risk Management

Bankruptcy, reorganization, and Liquidation

Portfolio Theory and Asset Pricing Models

Providing and Obtaining Credit

Advanced Issues in Cash Management and Inventory Control

Pension Plan Management

Financial Management in Not For Profit Businesses

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