Exam 4: The Constitution: Focus on Application to Business

The protections of the Fourteenth Amendment, such as the Due Process Clause, apply to individuals, not businesses.

An amendment to the Constitution may be approved to become effective by:

The British constitution has two central principles which are:

Warrentless searches:

Freedom of the press is much more restricted in Europe than it is in the U.S.; reporters who are critical of government may face prosecution.

The Commerce Clause requires Congress and the states to share the power to regulate trade with foreign nations.

Publications like newspapers have an unrestricted right, under the First Amendment, to make any statement they want to about commercial products.

Auto junkyards, which can become chop shops for stolen vehicles and parts, are an example of:

"No person shall be...compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself." is the:

Because the First Amendment says that "Congress shall make no law...abridging the freedom of speech" the Supreme Court has held that no statutes may limit speech.

In Gibbons v. Ogden, the Supreme Court held that commerce among the states means interstate commerce.

Congress may burden interstate commerce while states:

Which of the following is a key issue in Fourth Amendment cases:

In Bose Corp. v. Consumers Union, concerning a magazine article critical of Bose speakers, the Supreme Court held that:

The rule that evidence gathered in violation of the Fourth Amendment may not be used in prosecution is known as the exclusionary rule.

"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause...." is the:

In New York v. Burger, a junkyard owner claimed that a New York statute permitting warrantless searches of junkyards was a violation of the 4th Amendment. The Supreme Court held that the statute was:

The Commerce Clause, in practice, has a small effect on the operation of business in the United States.

Based on the Fourth Amendment, the exclusionary rule allows evidence:

Which of the following would be likely to be a violation of the equal protection clause: