Exam 4: The Constitution: Focus on Application to Business

The equal protection clause of the 14th Amendment is used by the courts to ensure that all persons are treated equally under the law.

In Frensenius Medical Care Holdings v. Tucker, the appeals court held it did not violate equal protection to restrict physician ownership of certain medical facilities.

Congress has the power to "lay and collect Taxes." When the Supreme Court reviews the taxing activity of Congress, it:

In Consolidated Edison Co. v. Public Service Comm., the New York utility commission ruled that the electric company could not send its customers information in support of nuclear power. The Supreme Court examined this restriction applying several tests. Which test did it not apply?

Which of the following is a key part of the British constitution:

For a publication to make critical remarks about a product, that could damage its sale, is not protected by the First Amendment since the matter is commercial.

In Hughes v. Oklahoma, Oklahoma law forbid the export of natural minnows, to help protect the state's natural resources. When this law was challenged, the Supreme Court announced a test of constitutionality that did not include which provision:

Katzenbach v. McClung involved a restaurant that served food to black customers only at take-out windows. White customers would be seated. The Supreme Court held that the:

In Consolidated Edison Co. v. Public Service Comm., the New York utility commission ruled that the electric company could not send its customers information in support of nuclear power. The Supreme Court held that the restrictions imposed by the New York utility commission were:

Congress passes a law requiring cocaine dealers to report income from cocaine so it may be taxed. If they report the income, they will be prosecuted for drug dealing. Because of the self-incrimination, taxes from illegal sources may not be taxed.

Agents of the Software Agency (SA) check companies to be sure all the software they use is properly licensed, not copied. SA agents arrive at Bob's Drugs to conduct an inspection. Bob asks the agent to see her search warrant, otherwise he will not admit her. The SA contends that a warrant is not needed to conduct a routine search to see if SA regulations are being followed. The Supreme Court is likely to say that warrants by SA officials are:

A restriction on advertising for a lawyer's services is an example of:

The U.S. Constitution forbids:

A law that creates a class that suffers a loss of freedom:

State regulations:

In Central Hudson Gas & Electric Corp. v. Public Service Comm., the New York utility commission ruled that electric utilities could not advertise to promote the use of electricity. The Supreme Court held that the regulation:

The way the Constitution is interpreted has changed over time.

The commerce clause of the Constitution gives Congress the power to regulate trade:

If Congress imposes a regulation on business that is constitutional:

According to the Supreme Court, a Maine law requiring companies shipping tobacco products into the state to confirm that recipients are of legal age is an example of: