Question 1

Crossing-over produces genetic variation during prophase I of meiosis I. This occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  homologous chromosomes come close together and a rearrangement of alleles occurs. 
B)  sister chromatids come close together and a rearrangement of alleles occurs. 
C)  random chromosomes come close together and a rearrangement of alleles occurs. 
D)  sister chromatids align randomly on the metaphase plate before they are separated. 
A)  homologous chromosomes come close together and a rearrangement of alleles occurs. 
B)  sister chromatids come close together and a rearrangement of alleles occurs. 
C)  random chromosomes come close together and a rearrangement of alleles occurs. 
D)  sister chromatids align randomly on the metaphase plate before they are separated.

Question 2

Human skin cells have two copies of each chromosome, one from the biological mother and one from the biological father. Having two copies of a chromosome is called ______; it is sometimes abbreviated as 2n.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Human skin cells have two copies of...

Question 3

For the following pedigree showing the inheritance of a recessive genetic disease, what does the green square in the fourth generation represent? 11ee40c6_182d_0567_b977_b121b2a87927

Accepted Answer

A)  A female with the disease 
B)  A male with the disease 
C)  A female without the disease 
D)  A male without the disease 
A)  A female with the disease 
B)  A male with the disease 
C)  A female without the disease 
D)  A male without the disease

Question 4

Mendel crossed pea plants dominant for two different traits (tall and green pods) with pea plants recessive for those same two traits (short and yellow pods). This cross resulted in pea plants that had combinations of all four traits (tall with green pods, tall with yellow pods, short with green pods, and short with yellow pods). Which law of inheritance best describes why this happens?

Accepted Answer

A)  The law of segregation 
B)  The law of independent assortment 
C)  The law of pedigrees 
D)  The law of dominance 
A)  The law of segregation 
B)  The law of independent assortment 
C)  The law of pedigrees 
D)  The law of dominance

Question 5

DNA is packaged into chromosomes to

Accepted Answer

A)  compact the large amount of DNA into each cell. 
B)  keep the DNA organized and accessible to the cell. 
C)  fit within the nucleus of the cell. 
D)  All of the answer choices are correct. 
A)  compact the large amount of DNA into each cell. 
B)  keep the DNA organized and accessible to the cell. 
C)  fit within the nucleus of the cell. 
D)  All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 6

DNA strands are complementary of each other. This means if one strand has an adenine the other has a __________, and if one strand has a guanine the other has a/an __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  thymine; cytosine 
B)  cytosine; thymine 
C)  guanine; adenine 
D)  cytosine; adenine 
A)  thymine; cytosine 
B)  cytosine; thymine 
C)  guanine; adenine 
D)  cytosine; adenine

Question 7

The role of vectors in gene therapy is to

Accepted Answer

A)  deliver the genetic material to the cells of interest. 
B)  increase gene expression of the newly delivered gene. 
C)  replace the mutated gene with the correct gene in the cells of interest. 
A)  deliver the genetic material to the cells of interest. 
B)  increase gene expression of the newly delivered gene. 
C)  replace the mutated gene with the correct gene in the cells of interest.

Question 8

Sickle-cell disease is a recessive genetic disease. This means

Accepted Answer

A)  two copies of the recessive allele must be present in order for the disease to be expressed. 
B)  only one copy of the recessive allele must be present in order for the disease to be expressed. 
C)  at least one copy of each recessive allele must be present for each gene involved in sickle-cell disease in order for the disease to be expressed. 
D)  the environment can alter the expression of recessive genes, meaning any combination of alleles can cause the disease if the right environmental conditions are encountered. 
A)  two copies of the recessive allele must be present in order for the disease to be expressed. 
B)  only one copy of the recessive allele must be present in order for the disease to be expressed. 
C)  at least one copy of each recessive allele must be present for each gene involved in sickle-cell disease in order for the disease to be expressed. 
D)  the environment can alter the expression of recessive genes, meaning any combination of alleles can cause the disease if the right environmental conditions are encountered.

Question 9

Hemoglobin is not a good carrier of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is converted into ______ before it is transported to the alveoli.

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon monoxide 
B)  bicarbonate ions 
C)  carbonic acid 
D)  hydrogen ions 
A)  carbon monoxide 
B)  bicarbonate ions 
C)  carbonic acid 
D)  hydrogen ions

Question 10

______ contain similar genes but often different alleles. After DNA replication, ______ contain identical alleles combinations.

Accepted Answer

A)  Homologous chromosomes; sister chromatids 
B)  Sister chromatids; homologous chromosomes 
C)  Homologous chromatids; sister chromosomes 
D)  Sister chromosomes; homologous chromatids 
A)  Homologous chromosomes; sister chromatids 
B)  Sister chromatids; homologous chromosomes 
C)  Homologous chromatids; sister chromosomes 
D)  Sister chromosomes; homologous chromatids

Question 11

Sickle crisis requires immediate medical attention. This medical condition is characterized by __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  anemia 
B)  chest pain and shortness of breath 
C)  a decrease in gas exchange between the alveoli and the capillaries 
D)  All of the answer choices are correct. 
A)  anemia 
B)  chest pain and shortness of breath 
C)  a decrease in gas exchange between the alveoli and the capillaries 
D)  All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 12

Sickle-cell anemia limits its effects within the body to the respiratory and circulatory systems.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

During translation, a polypeptide chain is created using an RNA template. Which of the following components is responsible for bringing amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

A)  mRNA 
B)  rRNA 
C)  tRNA 
D)  RNA polymerase 
A)  mRNA 
B)  rRNA 
C)  tRNA 
D)  RNA polymerase

Question 14

During DNA replication, the ______ strand is the one being used by DNA polymerase to produce a ______ strand of DNA.

Accepted Answer

A)  template; newly synthesized 
B)  newly synthesized; template 
C)  RNA; daughter 
D)  daughter; RNA 
A)  template; newly synthesized 
B)  newly synthesized; template 
C)  RNA; daughter 
D)  daughter; RNA

Question 15

Which of the following best explains the role of transcription in a cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  To unpackage and unwind DNA so that enzymes can access the individual genes. 
B)  To produce a mRNA molecule to deliver the genetic instructions outside the nucleus. 
C)  To retrieve amino acids and bring them to the ribosome for assembly into a polypeptide. 
D)  To edit the mRNA strand and make it ready to leave the nucleus. 
A)  To unpackage and unwind DNA so that enzymes can access the individual genes. 
B)  To produce a mRNA molecule to deliver the genetic instructions outside the nucleus. 
C)  To retrieve amino acids and bring them to the ribosome for assembly into a polypeptide. 
D)  To edit the mRNA strand and make it ready to leave the nucleus.

Question 16

During gene therapy, bone marrow stem cells are removed from the individual. What must happen to those cells before they are injected back into the individual?

Accepted Answer

A)  Viruses act as vectors to carry the normal gene into the genome of the stem cells. 
B)  The DNA of the stem cells is removed completely and replaced with a new genome that carries the normal gene. 
C)  The cells are treated with high doses of radiation to destroy any faulty genes. Then, viruses act as vectors to replace those faulty genes with normal ones. 
D)  The mRNA of the stem cells is completely removed and used to create new normal genes that are then injected into the nucleus of the stem cells. 
A)  Viruses act as vectors to carry the normal gene into the genome of the stem cells. 
B)  The DNA of the stem cells is removed completely and replaced with a new genome that carries the normal gene. 
C)  The cells are treated with high doses of radiation to destroy any faulty genes. Then, viruses act as vectors to replace those faulty genes with normal ones. 
D)  The mRNA of the stem cells is completely removed and used to create new normal genes that are then injected into the nucleus of the stem cells.

Question 17

All genetic traits must be inherited. Explain why this is True.

Accepted Answer

The statement "All genetic traits must b

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a phenotype influenced by the environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood type 
B)  Cystic fibrosis 
C)  Melanin production 
D)  Sickle-cell 
A)  Blood type 
B)  Cystic fibrosis 
C)  Melanin production 
D)  Sickle-cell

Question 19

Erwin Chargaff's research determined the percentage of the nitrogen bases within a strand of DNA. His work determined that

Accepted Answer

A)  the percent of adenine is equal to the percent of thymine and the percent of cytosine is equal to the percent of guanine. 
B)  the percent of adenine is equal to the percent of guanine and the percent of cytosine is equal to the percent of thymine. 
C)  the concentration of adenine is twice the concentration of thymine and the concentration of cytosine is twice the concentration of guanine. 
D)  the concentrations of adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine are all equal. 
A)  the percent of adenine is equal to the percent of thymine and the percent of cytosine is equal to the percent of guanine. 
B)  the percent of adenine is equal to the percent of guanine and the percent of cytosine is equal to the percent of thymine. 
C)  the concentration of adenine is twice the concentration of thymine and the concentration of cytosine is twice the concentration of guanine. 
D)  the concentrations of adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine are all equal.

Question 20

Which of the following statements best describes the orientation of the two strands of DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  The two strands of DNA are anti-parallel. One strand is oriented 3' to 5' and the other is oriented 5' to 3'. 
B)  The two strands of DNA are parallel. One strand is oriented 3' to 5' and the other is oriented 5' to 3'. 
C)  The two strands of DNA are anti-parallel. Both strands are oriented in the 3' to 5' direction. 
D)  The two strands of DNA are parallel. Both strands are oriented in the 3' to 5' direction. 
A)  The two strands of DNA are anti-parallel. One strand is oriented 3' to 5' and the other is oriented 5' to 3'. 
B)  The two strands of DNA are parallel. One strand is oriented 3' to 5' and the other is oriented 5' to 3'. 
C)  The two strands of DNA are anti-parallel. Both strands are oriented in the 3' to 5' direction. 
D)  The two strands of DNA are parallel. Both strands are oriented in the 3' to 5' direction.

Crossing-over produces genetic variation during prophase I of meiosis I. This occurs when

Human skin cells have two copies of each chromosome, one from the biological mother and one from the biological father. Having two copies of a chromosome is called ______; it is sometimes abbreviated as 2n.

For the following pedigree showing the inheritance of a recessive genetic disease, what does the green square in the fourth generation represent? 11ee40c6_182d_0567_b977_b121b2a87927

DNA is packaged into chromosomes to

DNA strands are complementary of each other. This means if one strand has an adenine the other has a , and if one strand has a guanine the other has a/an .

The role of vectors in gene therapy is to

Sickle-cell disease is a recessive genetic disease. This means

Hemoglobin is not a good carrier of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is converted into ______ before it is transported to the alveoli.

contain similar genes but often different alleles. After DNA replication, contain identical alleles combinations.

Sickle crisis requires immediate medical attention. This medical condition is characterized by __________.

Sickle-cell anemia limits its effects within the body to the respiratory and circulatory systems.

During translation, a polypeptide chain is created using an RNA template. Which of the following components is responsible for bringing amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain?

During DNA replication, the strand is the one being used by DNA polymerase to produce a strand of DNA.

Which of the following best explains the role of transcription in a cell?

During gene therapy, bone marrow stem cells are removed from the individual. What must happen to those cells before they are injected back into the individual?

All genetic traits must be inherited. Explain why this is True.

Which of the following is an example of a phenotype influenced by the environment?

Erwin Chargaff's research determined the percentage of the nitrogen bases within a strand of DNA. His work determined that

Which of the following statements best describes the orientation of the two strands of DNA?

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Exam 8: Characteristics, Functions, and Analysis of Genetic Diseases and DNA

Crossing-over produces genetic variation during prophase I of meiosis I. This occurs when

Human skin cells have two copies of each chromosome, one from the biological mother and one from the biological father. Having two copies of a chromosome is called ______; it is sometimes abbreviated as 2n.

For the following pedigree showing the inheritance of a recessive genetic disease, what does the green square in the fourth generation represent? 11ee40c6_182d_0567_b977_b121b2a87927

DNA is packaged into chromosomes to

DNA strands are complementary of each other. This means if one strand has an adenine the other has a __________, and if one strand has a guanine the other has a/an __________.

The role of vectors in gene therapy is to

Sickle-cell disease is a recessive genetic disease. This means

Hemoglobin is not a good carrier of carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is converted into ______ before it is transported to the alveoli.

______ contain similar genes but often different alleles. After DNA replication, ______ contain identical alleles combinations.

Sickle crisis requires immediate medical attention. This medical condition is characterized by __________.

Sickle-cell anemia limits its effects within the body to the respiratory and circulatory systems.

During translation, a polypeptide chain is created using an RNA template. Which of the following components is responsible for bringing amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain?

During DNA replication, the ______ strand is the one being used by DNA polymerase to produce a ______ strand of DNA.

Which of the following best explains the role of transcription in a cell?

During gene therapy, bone marrow stem cells are removed from the individual. What must happen to those cells before they are injected back into the individual?

All genetic traits must be inherited. Explain why this is True.

Which of the following is an example of a phenotype influenced by the environment?

Erwin Chargaff's research determined the percentage of the nitrogen bases within a strand of DNA. His work determined that

Which of the following statements best describes the orientation of the two strands of DNA?

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Understanding Natural Selection, Vaccines, and Viral Reproduction

Annelids, Nematoda, Echinoderms, Primates, Biodiversity, and Speciation

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DNA strands are complementary of each other. This means if one strand has an adenine the other has a , and if one strand has a guanine the other has a/an .

contain similar genes but often different alleles. After DNA replication, contain identical alleles combinations.

During DNA replication, the strand is the one being used by DNA polymerase to produce a strand of DNA.