Question 1

The second law of thermodynamics states that

Accepted Answer

A)  energy is always conserved. 
B)  during the transfer of energy, some energy is lost as heat. 
C)  ATP is the only form of energy used by the cell. 
D)  chemical energy is readily converted into solar energy. 
E)  cellular activities require little ATP to function. 
A)  energy is always conserved. 
B)  during the transfer of energy, some energy is lost as heat. 
C)  ATP is the only form of energy used by the cell. 
D)  chemical energy is readily converted into solar energy. 
E)  cellular activities require little ATP to function. B

Question 2

Basic methods for protecting yourself and others from the SARS-CoV-2 virus include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  getting vaccinated. 
B)  covering your mouth when you sneeze or cough. 
C)  touching your nose, eyes, or mouth with unwashed hands. 
D)  disinfecting commonly touched surfaces. 
A)  getting vaccinated. 
B)  covering your mouth when you sneeze or cough. 
C)  touching your nose, eyes, or mouth with unwashed hands. 
D)  disinfecting commonly touched surfaces. C

Question 3

Which of the following is a function of the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Storage of excess bile salts 
B)  Absorption of water 
C)  Secretion of insulin 
D)  Production of amylase to break down starches 
E)  Absorption of amino acids 
A)  Storage of excess bile salts 
B)  Absorption of water 
C)  Secretion of insulin 
D)  Production of amylase to break down starches 
E)  Absorption of amino acids B

Question 4

Energy drink manufacturers Falsely advertise their products as being all derived from natural sources.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

If a mutation results in the production of a new SARS-CoV-2 variant with a different S protein, this

Accepted Answer

A)  would not be life threatening because S proteins have nothing to do with the immune response to the virus. 
B)  could be life threatening because the S proteins are used as antigens to identify the virus by the immune system. 
C)  could be life threatening because S proteins allow quicker viral replication in host cells. 
A)  would not be life threatening because S proteins have nothing to do with the immune response to the virus. 
B)  could be life threatening because the S proteins are used as antigens to identify the virus by the immune system. 
C)  could be life threatening because S proteins allow quicker viral replication in host cells.

Question 6

COVID-19 tests that detect the active presence of the virus in your body are called

Accepted Answer

A)  antibody tests. 
B)  diagnostic tests. 
C)  antigen tests. 
D)  S protein analysis. 
A)  antibody tests. 
B)  diagnostic tests. 
C)  antigen tests. 
D)  S protein analysis.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about the component of the COVID-19 vaccine and its intended function is True?

Accepted Answer

A)  Aluminum is included to prevent the growth of bacteria during vaccine preparation and storage. 
B)  Formaldehyde is used to inactivate toxins from any viral particles or bacteria that may have been present during production. 
C)  Sodium acetate, acetic acid, and sucrose are used to stabilize the vaccine and protect it from temperature variations during storage. 
D)  Antibiotics are used as a preservative in multidose vials of vaccine in order to prolong their shelf life. Antibiotics allow the vaccine to withstand extreme temperature changes. 
A)  Aluminum is included to prevent the growth of bacteria during vaccine preparation and storage. 
B)  Formaldehyde is used to inactivate toxins from any viral particles or bacteria that may have been present during production. 
C)  Sodium acetate, acetic acid, and sucrose are used to stabilize the vaccine and protect it from temperature variations during storage. 
D)  Antibiotics are used as a preservative in multidose vials of vaccine in order to prolong their shelf life. Antibiotics allow the vaccine to withstand extreme temperature changes.

Question 8

Caffeine is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  water-soluble 
B)  fat-soluble 
C)  both water- and fat-soluble 
D)  neither water- nor fat-soluble 
A)  water-soluble 
B)  fat-soluble 
C)  both water- and fat-soluble 
D)  neither water- nor fat-soluble

Question 9

Which B vitamins are used to manufacture coenzymes?

Accepted Answer

A)  B6 and biotin 
B)  Niacin and riboflavin 
C)  B12 and niacin 
D)  Pantothenic acid and B6 
E)  Niacin and pantothenic acid 
A)  B6 and biotin 
B)  Niacin and riboflavin 
C)  B12 and niacin 
D)  Pantothenic acid and B6 
E)  Niacin and pantothenic acid

Question 10

The tissue where the lymphocyte cells of the body are produced and where B lymphocytes mature is the

Accepted Answer

A)  red bone marrow. 
B)  lymph nodes. 
C)  spleen. 
D)  thymus. 
A)  red bone marrow. 
B)  lymph nodes. 
C)  spleen. 
D)  thymus.

Question 11

Glucose molecules are linked together through dehydration synthesis to form starch. Based on this description, glucose is a __________ and starch is a __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  polymer; monomer 
B)  monomer; polymer 
C)  functional group; monomer 
D)  functional group; polymer 
A)  polymer; monomer 
B)  monomer; polymer 
C)  functional group; monomer 
D)  functional group; polymer

Question 12

In order to create an effective vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, what did scientists need to identify?

Accepted Answer

A)  Scientists needed to identify whether SARS-CoV-2 was a DNA or an RNA virus. 
B)  Scientists needed to identify the proteins common to all known types of COVID viruses. 
C)  Scientists needed to identify how the virus is transmitted from person to person. 
D)  Scientists needed to identify a protein that was unique to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. 
A)  Scientists needed to identify whether SARS-CoV-2 was a DNA or an RNA virus. 
B)  Scientists needed to identify the proteins common to all known types of COVID viruses. 
C)  Scientists needed to identify how the virus is transmitted from person to person. 
D)  Scientists needed to identify a protein that was unique to the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Question 13

The innate immune response involves

Accepted Answer

A)  cytotoxic T cells. 
B)  helper T cells. 
C)  natural killer cells. 
D)  B cells. 
A)  cytotoxic T cells. 
B)  helper T cells. 
C)  natural killer cells. 
D)  B cells.

Question 14

In humans, energy stored in food is converted into ______ to perform work by the cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  H2O 
B)  ATP 
C)  CO2 
D)  O2 
E)  ADP 
A)  H2O 
B)  ATP 
C)  CO2 
D)  O2 
E)  ADP

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Proteins breaking down to form amino acids 
B)  Glycogen forming glucose molecules 
C)  Nucleotides forming DNA 
D)  ATP being used and resulting in an ADP molecule 
A)  Proteins breaking down to form amino acids 
B)  Glycogen forming glucose molecules 
C)  Nucleotides forming DNA 
D)  ATP being used and resulting in an ADP molecule

Question 16

The virus COVID-19 produces a highly infectious form of respiratory illness called SARS-CoV-2.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Living organisms require energy for

Accepted Answer

A)  chemical work. 
B)  transport work. 
C)  mechanical work. 
D)  All of the answer choices are correct. 
A)  chemical work. 
B)  transport work. 
C)  mechanical work. 
D)  All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes enzymatic activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each enzyme has a preferred pH at which the enzyme reaction rate is highest. 
B)  Below a certain temperature, an enzyme will become denatured. 
C)  As the temperature increases, most enzymatic reactions will still proceed at the same rate. 
D)  Temperature has no impact on enzymatic activity. 
E)  Enzyme activity increases as substrate concentration decreases. 
A)  Each enzyme has a preferred pH at which the enzyme reaction rate is highest. 
B)  Below a certain temperature, an enzyme will become denatured. 
C)  As the temperature increases, most enzymatic reactions will still proceed at the same rate. 
D)  Temperature has no impact on enzymatic activity. 
E)  Enzyme activity increases as substrate concentration decreases.

Question 19

Explain the process of natural selection as a mechanism of evolutionary change.

Accepted Answer

Natural selection is a key mechanism of

Question 20

Malaria is a disease prevalent in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. The disease, transmitted by a protozoan parasite, causes anemia in patients and can prove fatal if left untreated. According to recent research, 200 to 500 million people suffer from malaria every year. The level of movement of Malaria in the population would be described as ________blank.

Accepted Answer

A)  endemic 
B)  epidemic 
C)  pandemic 
D)  an outbreak 
A)  endemic 
B)  epidemic 
C)  pandemic 
D)  an outbreak

The second law of thermodynamics states that

Basic methods for protecting yourself and others from the SARS-CoV-2 virus include all of the following except

Which of the following is a function of the large intestine?

Energy drink manufacturers Falsely advertise their products as being all derived from natural sources.

If a mutation results in the production of a new SARS-CoV-2 variant with a different S protein, this

COVID-19 tests that detect the active presence of the virus in your body are called

Which of the following statements about the component of the COVID-19 vaccine and its intended function is True?

Caffeine is __________.

Which B vitamins are used to manufacture coenzymes?

The tissue where the lymphocyte cells of the body are produced and where B lymphocytes mature is the

Glucose molecules are linked together through dehydration synthesis to form starch. Based on this description, glucose is a and starch is a .

In order to create an effective vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, what did scientists need to identify?

The innate immune response involves

In humans, energy stored in food is converted into ______ to perform work by the cells.

Which of the following is an example of a dehydration synthesis reaction?

The virus COVID-19 produces a highly infectious form of respiratory illness called SARS-CoV-2.

Living organisms require energy for

Which of the following best describes enzymatic activity?

Explain the process of natural selection as a mechanism of evolutionary change.

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Exam 4: Nutrient Types and Energy Processes

The second law of thermodynamics states that

Basic methods for protecting yourself and others from the SARS-CoV-2 virus include all of the following except

Which of the following is a function of the large intestine?

Energy drink manufacturers Falsely advertise their products as being all derived from natural sources.

If a mutation results in the production of a new SARS-CoV-2 variant with a different S protein, this

COVID-19 tests that detect the active presence of the virus in your body are called

Which of the following statements about the component of the COVID-19 vaccine and its intended function is True?

Caffeine is __________.

Which B vitamins are used to manufacture coenzymes?

The tissue where the lymphocyte cells of the body are produced and where B lymphocytes mature is the

Glucose molecules are linked together through dehydration synthesis to form starch. Based on this description, glucose is a __________ and starch is a __________.

In order to create an effective vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, what did scientists need to identify?

The innate immune response involves

In humans, energy stored in food is converted into ______ to perform work by the cells.

Which of the following is an example of a dehydration synthesis reaction?

The virus COVID-19 produces a highly infectious form of respiratory illness called SARS-CoV-2.

Living organisms require energy for

Which of the following best describes enzymatic activity?

Explain the process of natural selection as a mechanism of evolutionary change.

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Characteristics, Functions, and Analysis of Genetic Diseases and DNA

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Glucose molecules are linked together through dehydration synthesis to form starch. Based on this description, glucose is a and starch is a .