Question 1

What is the role of histamine in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased permability of the capillaries for fluid release into the infected area 
B)  Alert neighboring cells of an infecting virus 
C)  Regulate the general immune responses 
A)  Increased permability of the capillaries for fluid release into the infected area 
B)  Alert neighboring cells of an infecting virus 
C)  Regulate the general immune responses

Question 2

What is the role of interferon in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased permability of the capillaries for fluid release into the infected area 
B)  Alert neighboring cells of an infecting virus 
C)  Regulate the general immune responses 
A)  Increased permability of the capillaries for fluid release into the infected area 
B)  Alert neighboring cells of an infecting virus 
C)  Regulate the general immune responses

Question 3

Which structure on the influenza virus provides attachment to the surface of the targeted host cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  The envelope 
B)  The H spikes 
C)  The N spikes 
D)  The capsid 
A)  The envelope 
B)  The H spikes 
C)  The N spikes 
D)  The capsid

Question 4

Which of the following best describes how the flu virus may impact the respiratory system?

Accepted Answer

A)  The immune system prompts a decrease in blood flow, which results in the lungs becoming dry. A hacking cough can be produced. 
B)  The proteins produced by the virus interfere with the ability of epithelial cells to move materials in and out of lung tissue, resulting in fluid buildup in the lungs. 
C)  Epithelial cells see an increase in function as they try to adapt to the viral load of surrounding cells. 
D)  All of the answer choices are correct. 
A)  The immune system prompts a decrease in blood flow, which results in the lungs becoming dry. A hacking cough can be produced. 
B)  The proteins produced by the virus interfere with the ability of epithelial cells to move materials in and out of lung tissue, resulting in fluid buildup in the lungs. 
C)  Epithelial cells see an increase in function as they try to adapt to the viral load of surrounding cells. 
D)  All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 5

Which of these best describes a virus?

Accepted Answer

A)  A noncellular living organism 
B)  The smallest bacteria known 
C)  An invasive cell that cannot stop reproducing 
D)  A nonliving complex of RNA or DNA protected by a protein coat 
A)  A noncellular living organism 
B)  The smallest bacteria known 
C)  An invasive cell that cannot stop reproducing 
D)  A nonliving complex of RNA or DNA protected by a protein coat

Question 6

List the steps involved in producing an influenza vaccine using fertilized chicken eggs.

Accepted Answer

1. Selection of the influenza virus stra

Question 7

When a macrophage presents an antigen with an MHC-II protein,

Accepted Answer

A)  it interacts with helper T cells. 
B)  it interacts with helper T cells and cytokines are released. 
C)  it interacts with B cells. 
D)  it interacts with cytotoxic T cells and cytokines are released. 
A)  it interacts with helper T cells. 
B)  it interacts with helper T cells and cytokines are released. 
C)  it interacts with B cells. 
D)  it interacts with cytotoxic T cells and cytokines are released.

Question 8

Some scientists think viruses should be classified as living organisms because some viruses possess the ability to manufacture their own proteins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

One of the four mechanisms of the innate immune defenses is the inflammatory response. Its role is to

Accepted Answer

A)  increase blood flow to the infected area. 
B)  isolate the infection to a limited area. 
C)  allow fluid, containing cells from the immune system, to reach the infected area. 
D)  All the answer choices are correct. 
A)  increase blood flow to the infected area. 
B)  isolate the infection to a limited area. 
C)  allow fluid, containing cells from the immune system, to reach the infected area. 
D)  All the answer choices are correct.

Question 10

Wallace shared his ideas with Darwin, which led to the book,On the Origin of Species. Wallace contributed his biogeographical studies of the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  South Pacific Islands 
B)  Galápagos Islands 
C)  west coast of South America 
D)  Andes 
A)  South Pacific Islands 
B)  Galápagos Islands 
C)  west coast of South America 
D)  Andes

Question 11

How does the body recognize "self" cells compared to "nonself" cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Self" cells are marked by glycoproteins called major-histocompatibility complexes (MHCs). 
B)  "Self" cells contain a triple layer of phospholipids on their plasma membranes. 
C)  "Self" cells contain cytokines on their cell surfaces. 
D)  "Self" cells contain spikes on their outer surface. 
A)  "Self" cells are marked by glycoproteins called major-histocompatibility complexes (MHCs). 
B)  "Self" cells contain a triple layer of phospholipids on their plasma membranes. 
C)  "Self" cells contain cytokines on their cell surfaces. 
D)  "Self" cells contain spikes on their outer surface.

Question 12

Antiviral medicines target specific stages of the viral life cycle. Which of the following isnot a stage of the life cycle that is targeted?

Accepted Answer

A)  Attachment 
B)  Uncoating 
C)  Release 
D)  Maturation 
A)  Attachment 
B)  Uncoating 
C)  Release 
D)  Maturation

Question 13

B cell activation, through antibody-mediated immunity, results in the

Accepted Answer

A)  production of memory B cells. 
B)  secretion of antibodies. 
C)  production of plasma cells. 
D)  All of the answer choices are correct. 
A)  production of memory B cells. 
B)  secretion of antibodies. 
C)  production of plasma cells. 
D)  All of the answer choices are correct.

Question 14

As influenza A progresses through the respiratory tract, the ______ of the virus identify host epithelial cells and attach to the cell surface.

Accepted Answer

A)  capsid 
B)  RNA 
C)  H spikes 
D)  N spikes 
A)  capsid 
B)  RNA 
C)  H spikes 
D)  N spikes

Question 15

From the list provided, select the roles of complement proteins in the innate immune system. (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Enhancing inflammation 
B)  Lysing cells 
C)  Marking cells for phagocytosis 
D)  Assisting in antigen presenting 
E)  Involved in the secretion of antibodies 
A)  Enhancing inflammation 
B)  Lysing cells 
C)  Marking cells for phagocytosis 
D)  Assisting in antigen presenting 
E)  Involved in the secretion of antibodies

Question 16

Which of the following best outlines the path of influenza through the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nostrils, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchiole, lungs, alveoli 
B)  Nostrils, larynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchiole, lungs, alveoli 
C)  Nostrils, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchiole, bronchus, lungs, alveoli 
D)  Nostrils, pharynx, trachea, larynx, bronchus, bronchiole, lungs, alveoli 
A)  Nostrils, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchiole, lungs, alveoli 
B)  Nostrils, larynx, pharynx, trachea, bronchus, bronchiole, lungs, alveoli 
C)  Nostrils, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchiole, bronchus, lungs, alveoli 
D)  Nostrils, pharynx, trachea, larynx, bronchus, bronchiole, lungs, alveoli

Question 17

Consider the following scenario: A fish that was normally found in freshwater has evolved and can now survive in brackish (containing a mixture of fresh and salt) water. How would this affect other levels of biology?

Accepted Answer

A)  The evolution of the fish would affect all other levels of biology, including other populations, communities, and ecosystems. 
B)  The evolution of the fish would only affect the population of that fish species. 
C)  The evolution of the fish would only affect the community in which it occupies. 
D)  The evolution of the fish would only affect the organisms it eats. 
A)  The evolution of the fish would affect all other levels of biology, including other populations, communities, and ecosystems. 
B)  The evolution of the fish would only affect the population of that fish species. 
C)  The evolution of the fish would only affect the community in which it occupies. 
D)  The evolution of the fish would only affect the organisms it eats.

Question 18

Which of the following is a challenge in developing an annual influenza vaccine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Influenza evolves rapidly. 
B)  It takes six months to develop the vaccine. 
C)  There are many strains of influenza. 
D)  All of the answer choices are challenges in creating an annual influenza vaccine. 
A)  Influenza evolves rapidly. 
B)  It takes six months to develop the vaccine. 
C)  There are many strains of influenza. 
D)  All of the answer choices are challenges in creating an annual influenza vaccine.

Question 19

The cycle of viral infection that will rapidly result in the death of a bacterial cell is called the ______ cycle.

Accepted Answer

A)  lysogenic 
B)  apoptosis 
C)  lytic 
D)  retroviral 
A)  lysogenic 
B)  apoptosis 
C)  lytic 
D)  retroviral

Question 20

Which of the following statements is True about the production of the influenza vaccine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Viruses are injected into fertilized eggs, incubated, then viral particles are extracted, purified, deactivated, and used to make vaccines. 
B)  Viruses are injected into mammalian cells, then viral particles are extracted, purified, deactivated, and used to make vaccines. 
C)  A protein responsible for the H spikes of the flu virus is added to a harmless virus that infects insect cells, causing them to produce massive amounts of H spike protein. The extracted H spike protein is then purified and used to make vaccines. 
D)  All three methods describe different approaches used to make flu vaccines. 
A)  Viruses are injected into fertilized eggs, incubated, then viral particles are extracted, purified, deactivated, and used to make vaccines. 
B)  Viruses are injected into mammalian cells, then viral particles are extracted, purified, deactivated, and used to make vaccines. 
C)  A protein responsible for the H spikes of the flu virus is added to a harmless virus that infects insect cells, causing them to produce massive amounts of H spike protein. The extracted H spike protein is then purified and used to make vaccines. 
D)  All three methods describe different approaches used to make flu vaccines.

What is the role of histamine in the immune response?

What is the role of interferon in the immune response?

Which structure on the influenza virus provides attachment to the surface of the targeted host cell?

Which of the following best describes how the flu virus may impact the respiratory system?

Which of these best describes a virus?

List the steps involved in producing an influenza vaccine using fertilized chicken eggs.

When a macrophage presents an antigen with an MHC-II protein,

Some scientists think viruses should be classified as living organisms because some viruses possess the ability to manufacture their own proteins.

One of the four mechanisms of the innate immune defenses is the inflammatory response. Its role is to

Wallace shared his ideas with Darwin, which led to the book,On the Origin of Species. Wallace contributed his biogeographical studies of the __________.

How does the body recognize "self" cells compared to "nonself" cells?

Antiviral medicines target specific stages of the viral life cycle. Which of the following isnot a stage of the life cycle that is targeted?

B cell activation, through antibody-mediated immunity, results in the

As influenza A progresses through the respiratory tract, the ______ of the virus identify host epithelial cells and attach to the cell surface.

From the list provided, select the roles of complement proteins in the innate immune system. (Check all that apply.)

Which of the following best outlines the path of influenza through the body?

Consider the following scenario: A fish that was normally found in freshwater has evolved and can now survive in brackish (containing a mixture of fresh and salt) water. How would this affect other levels of biology?

Which of the following is a challenge in developing an annual influenza vaccine?

The cycle of viral infection that will rapidly result in the death of a bacterial cell is called the ______ cycle.

Which of the following statements is True about the production of the influenza vaccine?

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Exam 7: Understanding Natural Selection, Vaccines, and Viral Reproduction

What is the role of histamine in the immune response?

What is the role of interferon in the immune response?

Which structure on the influenza virus provides attachment to the surface of the targeted host cell?

Which of the following best describes how the flu virus may impact the respiratory system?

Which of these best describes a virus?

List the steps involved in producing an influenza vaccine using fertilized chicken eggs.

When a macrophage presents an antigen with an MHC-II protein,

Some scientists think viruses should be classified as living organisms because some viruses possess the ability to manufacture their own proteins.

One of the four mechanisms of the innate immune defenses is the inflammatory response. Its role is to

Wallace shared his ideas with Darwin, which led to the book,On the Origin of Species. Wallace contributed his biogeographical studies of the __________.

How does the body recognize "self" cells compared to "nonself" cells?

Antiviral medicines target specific stages of the viral life cycle. Which of the following isnot a stage of the life cycle that is targeted?

B cell activation, through antibody-mediated immunity, results in the

As influenza A progresses through the respiratory tract, the ______ of the virus identify host epithelial cells and attach to the cell surface.

From the list provided, select the roles of complement proteins in the innate immune system. (Check all that apply.)

Which of the following best outlines the path of influenza through the body?

Consider the following scenario: A fish that was normally found in freshwater has evolved and can now survive in brackish (containing a mixture of fresh and salt) water. How would this affect other levels of biology?

Which of the following is a challenge in developing an annual influenza vaccine?

The cycle of viral infection that will rapidly result in the death of a bacterial cell is called the ______ cycle.

Which of the following statements is True about the production of the influenza vaccine?

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