Question 1

The two-step flow of information proceeds from

Accepted Answer

A)  the media to busy individuals who then lead others. 
B)  individual groups to both media and opinion leaders. 
C)  opinion leaders to groups to media. 
D)  media to opinion leaders to individual decision makers. 
E)  back and forth between opinion leaders and media. 
A)  the media to busy individuals who then lead others. 
B)  individual groups to both media and opinion leaders. 
C)  opinion leaders to groups to media. 
D)  media to opinion leaders to individual decision makers. 
E)  back and forth between opinion leaders and media. D

Question 2

Matching: Match the following list of problems with expert testimony with the most appropriate examples.
-A leading actress talks about the need for the federal government to lower interest rates.

Accepted Answer

A)  Use of experts in the wrong field of expertise. 
B)  Use of experts who are not recognized as experts. 
C)  Use of experts who are paid for their testimony. 
D)  Use of experts who are clearly biased. 
E)  Experts who do not realistically limit their own expertise.
F) Expert testimony contradicted by equally expert testimony. 
A)  Use of experts in the wrong field of expertise. 
B)  Use of experts who are not recognized as experts. 
C)  Use of experts who are paid for their testimony. 
D)  Use of experts who are clearly biased. 
E)  Experts who do not realistically limit their own expertise.
F) Expert testimony contradicted by equally expert testimony. A

Question 3

What is the function of opinion leaders in the two-step flow of information described in Chapter 5?

Accepted Answer

The opinion leaders get their information from media sources and then pass the information along to other people who don't have the time, means, or inclination to get the information on their own.

Question 4

Which is not an accurate statement about samples from controlled studies compared with samples from polling organizations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both samples need to be random. 
B)  Both samples need to be large in size. 
C)  Both samples need to be representative of the target group. 
D)  Both samples should be solicited by credible individuals or groups. 
E)  All of the above are accurate. 
A)  Both samples need to be random. 
B)  Both samples need to be large in size. 
C)  Both samples need to be representative of the target group. 
D)  Both samples should be solicited by credible individuals or groups. 
E)  All of the above are accurate.

Question 5

A research organization may be biased if they have a vested interest
in the outcome of a study.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

A research organization may be biased by having a vested interest in the outcome of a study.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Conclusions are the statements the researcher makes about the meaning and significance of the research data.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Define the following aspects of research design, using examples.
-Conclusions

Accepted Answer

Conclusions are the statements the resea

Question 9

If a small sample can suggest areas for further research, it can be accepted as factual and used for credible inductive generalizations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Matching
-Educated speculation about what will be discovered from the researcher.

Accepted Answer

A)  Question 
B)  Hypothesis 
C)  Control Group 
D)  Experimental Group 
E)  Data
F) Placebo 
A)  Question 
B)  Hypothesis 
C)  Control Group 
D)  Experimental Group 
E)  Data
F) Placebo

Question 11

When an inductive argument is based on strong evidence, it is called a

Accepted Answer

A)  true argument. 
B)  syllogistic argument. 
C)  random argument. 
D)  cogent argument. 
A)  true argument. 
B)  syllogistic argument. 
C)  random argument. 
D)  cogent argument.

Question 12

Matching: Match the following list of problems with expert testimony with the most appropriate examples.
-A dentist is hired to testify on behalf of the prosecution in a criminal trial.

Accepted Answer

A)  Use of experts in the wrong field of expertise. 
B)  Use of experts who are not recognized as experts. 
C)  Use of experts who are paid for their testimony. 
D)  Use of experts who are clearly biased. 
E)  Experts who do not realistically limit their own expertise.
F) Expert testimony contradicted by equally expert testimony. 
A)  Use of experts in the wrong field of expertise. 
B)  Use of experts who are not recognized as experts. 
C)  Use of experts who are paid for their testimony. 
D)  Use of experts who are clearly biased. 
E)  Experts who do not realistically limit their own expertise.
F) Expert testimony contradicted by equally expert testimony.

Question 13

Matching
-The characteristics of interest concerning a targeted population.

Accepted Answer

A)  Question 
B)  Hypothesis 
C)  Control Group 
D)  Experimental Group 
E)  Data
F) Placebo 
A)  Question 
B)  Hypothesis 
C)  Control Group 
D)  Experimental Group 
E)  Data
F) Placebo

Question 14

When a finding is labeled statistically significant, it is probable that the reported effect will occur again in similar circumstances.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

When confronted with controversy in research findings, critical thinkers should do all of the following, except

Accepted Answer

A)  assess the credibility of the sources. 
B)  consider the institutions which carried out the research. 
C)  check for similar studies on the same subject. 
D)  go to the source of the study and read about how it was conducted. 
E)  All of the above were suggested by the text. 
A)  assess the credibility of the sources. 
B)  consider the institutions which carried out the research. 
C)  check for similar studies on the same subject. 
D)  go to the source of the study and read about how it was conducted. 
E)  All of the above were suggested by the text.

Question 16

Matching: Match the following list of problems with expert testimony with the most appropriate examples.
-A talk show features scientists promoting two different viewpoints on a debate about the best ways to deal with drug addiction.

Accepted Answer

A)  Use of experts in the wrong field of expertise. 
B)  Use of experts who are not recognized as experts. 
C)  Use of experts who are paid for their testimony. 
D)  Use of experts who are clearly biased. 
E)  Experts who do not realistically limit their own expertise.
F) Expert testimony contradicted by equally expert testimony. 
A)  Use of experts in the wrong field of expertise. 
B)  Use of experts who are not recognized as experts. 
C)  Use of experts who are paid for their testimony. 
D)  Use of experts who are clearly biased. 
E)  Experts who do not realistically limit their own expertise.
F) Expert testimony contradicted by equally expert testimony.

Question 17

Matching
-A sugar pill or other benign substance given to a control group when another group is given the treatment that the researcher wishes to explore.

Accepted Answer

A)  Question 
B)  Hypothesis 
C)  Control Group 
D)  Experimental Group 
E)  Data
F) Placebo 
A)  Question 
B)  Hypothesis 
C)  Control Group 
D)  Experimental Group 
E)  Data
F) Placebo

Question 18

Give an example of how you or someone you know have used either research or expert testimony in making a personal (consumer, voting) decision.

Accepted Answer

Example: "I read a study in Co

Question 19

What can a critical thinker do when confronted with controversy in research findings?

Accepted Answer

Critical thinkers should first assess th

Question 20

Matching
-Observations compiled by researcher.

Accepted Answer

A)  Question 
B)  Hypothesis 
C)  Control Group 
D)  Experimental Group 
E)  Data
F) Placebo 
A)  Question 
B)  Hypothesis 
C)  Control Group 
D)  Experimental Group 
E)  Data
F) Placebo

The two-step flow of information proceeds from

Matching: Match the following list of problems with expert testimony with the most appropriate examples. -A leading actress talks about the need for the federal government to lower interest rates.

What is the function of opinion leaders in the two-step flow of information described in Chapter 5?

Which is not an accurate statement about samples from controlled studies compared with samples from polling organizations?

A research organization may be biased if they have a vested interest in the outcome of a study.

A research organization may be biased by having a vested interest in the outcome of a study.

Conclusions are the statements the researcher makes about the meaning and significance of the research data.

Define the following aspects of research design, using examples. -Conclusions

If a small sample can suggest areas for further research, it can be accepted as factual and used for credible inductive generalizations.

Matching -Educated speculation about what will be discovered from the researcher.

When an inductive argument is based on strong evidence, it is called a

Matching: Match the following list of problems with expert testimony with the most appropriate examples. -A dentist is hired to testify on behalf of the prosecution in a criminal trial.

Matching -The characteristics of interest concerning a targeted population.

When a finding is labeled statistically significant, it is probable that the reported effect will occur again in similar circumstances.

When confronted with controversy in research findings, critical thinkers should do all of the following, except

Matching: Match the following list of problems with expert testimony with the most appropriate examples. -A talk show features scientists promoting two different viewpoints on a debate about the best ways to deal with drug addiction.

Matching -A sugar pill or other benign substance given to a control group when another group is given the treatment that the researcher wishes to explore.

Give an example of how you or someone you know have used either research or expert testimony in making a personal (consumer, voting) decision.

What can a critical thinker do when confronted with controversy in research findings?

Matching -Observations compiled by researcher.

Foundations of Arguments

Values and Ethics

Reality Assumptions

Inductive Arguments

Reasoning Errors

The Power of Language

Suggestion in Media

Fair-Mindedness

Persuasive Speaking

Filters

Exam 5: Inductive Generalizations

The two-step flow of information proceeds from

Matching: Match the following list of problems with expert testimony with the most appropriate examples. -A leading actress talks about the need for the federal government to lower interest rates.

What is the function of opinion leaders in the two-step flow of information described in Chapter 5?

Which is not an accurate statement about samples from controlled studies compared with samples from polling organizations?

A research organization may be biased if they have a vested interest in the outcome of a study.

A research organization may be biased by having a vested interest in the outcome of a study.

Conclusions are the statements the researcher makes about the meaning and significance of the research data.

Define the following aspects of research design, using examples. -Conclusions

If a small sample can suggest areas for further research, it can be accepted as factual and used for credible inductive generalizations.

Matching -Educated speculation about what will be discovered from the researcher.

When an inductive argument is based on strong evidence, it is called a

Matching: Match the following list of problems with expert testimony with the most appropriate examples. -A dentist is hired to testify on behalf of the prosecution in a criminal trial.

Matching -The characteristics of interest concerning a targeted population.

When a finding is labeled statistically significant, it is probable that the reported effect will occur again in similar circumstances.

When confronted with controversy in research findings, critical thinkers should do all of the following, except

Matching: Match the following list of problems with expert testimony with the most appropriate examples. -A talk show features scientists promoting two different viewpoints on a debate about the best ways to deal with drug addiction.

Matching -A sugar pill or other benign substance given to a control group when another group is given the treatment that the researcher wishes to explore.

Give an example of how you or someone you know have used either research or expert testimony in making a personal (consumer, voting) decision.

What can a critical thinker do when confronted with controversy in research findings?

Matching -Observations compiled by researcher.

Foundations of Arguments

Values and Ethics

Reality Assumptions

Inductive Arguments

Reasoning Errors

The Power of Language

Suggestion in Media

Fair-Mindedness

Persuasive Speaking

Filters