Exam 2: Values and Ethics

Assumptions are ideas we never take for granted.

Matching: Common Rationalizations -This rationalization is based on the false assumption that deceit, lying, promise-breaking, and other similar actions are justified if they are the same sort engaged in by those you are dealing with.

Match the correct ethical system with the value assumption: -Value assumption: The highest value is equality, which means justice and opportunities distributed equally.

More Matching: Tests for Ethical Decision Making. Match each example to the test which is considered in the example. -You realize that your neighbor stocks his or her home office with supplies from work because the matter is discussed at a neighborhood potluck. You decide not to mention anything about the ethics of this matter, so as to maintain a good relationship. Would you still make the same decision if the neighbor was obviously reselling the stolen office supplies at frequent garage sales, held across the street from your house, sales that your friends and relatives attended?

Matching: Common Rationalizations -A secretary is frustrated with his or her supervisor's messy desk and knows that many of the documents on the desk are outmoded and irrelevant to the work. One day, he or she cleans off the desk, throws old papers away, and puts everything in order. The supervisor is angry that his or her possessions were disturbed without his or her permission. In response, the secretary uses which rationalization?

Choose three of the following issues and write what the value conflicts or preferences would be between those who support the policy and those who oppose it. 1) Should tobacco be classified as an illegal drug? 2) Should colleges mail student grades to parents who are paying tuition? 3) Should the media be allowed to expose personal problems of politicians? 4) Should high school administrators be able to exclude controversial articles from the student newspaper? 5) Should birth parents be allowed to take their natural children back from adoptive parents after one year?

More Matching: Tests for Ethical Decision Making. Match each example to the test which is considered in the example. -You purchase an item at your corner grocery store and are given a ten dollar bill instead of the one dollar bill you should have received in change. You are ready to pocket the cash. Then you wonder to yourself, "How would I feel if I accidentally paid an extra nine dollars and the cashier kept my money?"

Matching: Common Rationalizations -This rationalization fits in the case of someone who works for a grocery store giving food to the homeless behind the owner's back.

Define ideal value and real value, using examples.

Matching: Common Rationalizations -A student notices that the majority of his or her classmates are cheating on a test and feels justified in cheating him or herself.

The process of choosing the most important values in an issue is known as value prioritization.

"Thoroughly research any claims you make."

Describe the difference between value assumptions and reality assumptions; use examples to support your descriptions.

Matching: Common Rationalizations -This rationalization works on the assumption that if there is no clear and immediate harm to others, then the action must not be wrong.

More Matching: Tests for Ethical Decision Making. Match each example to the test which is considered in the example. -You are at a social gathering that is important to your career. Several of your co-workers are talking negatively about your boss. The boss has been good to you and others, and you want to defend her or him but are afraid of being left out of the group. You begin to wonder if honesty is always the best policy.

"Give credit to secondary sources of information."

"Do not leave out or distort important information."

Matching: Common Rationalizations -This rationalization is based on a false assumption that whatever reward the individual is helping himself or herself to (without proper clearance and approval) is justified, because the individual has earned this reward for services rendered.

Toulmin's model includes identifying claims, reasons, and warrants.

More Matching -The unstated assumptions made by the speaker or writer