Exam 55: Understanding Bone Growth, Development, and Disorders: Exploring Diagnosis, Treatment, and Pathogenesis

A public health nurse has learned that a colleague has been screening for scoliosis during visits made to schools even though such screening is not mandated. How should the nurse best respond to the colleague?

Which of the following clients is most likely to have low bone density?

A nurse is teaching a wellness group among a group of older adult women. One of the women has asked for advice about preventing osteoporosis, which affects many of her friends. What is the nurse's best response to the woman's query?

The infant of a family that has recently immigrated to the United States from South Asia has been diagnosed with rickets. Bone density scanning would yield which of the following characterizations of the infant's bones?

The osteoporosis patient asks the nurse to explain what a bisphosphonate medication does. The nurse will respond,

While an infant is in the supine position with both knees flexed, the clinician applies gentle downward pressure to both knees, and the knee and thigh are abducted as an upward and medial pressure is applied to the proximal thigh. This examination technique, used to screen for a reducible dislocation, is called

Child/parents are coming into the physician's office to get the results of some diagnostic testing relating to his knee pain and unusual stiffness and fatigue. The physician suspects the child may have slipped capital femoral epiphysis. The nurse should anticipate that the treatment will involve: Select all that apply.

When explaining to a class of nursing students the effects of dysregulation of the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway, the instructor emphasizes that this plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of: Select all that apply.

A patient comes into the orthopedic clinic complaining of severe pain in his hip that was not caused by a fall. On inspection, the femur and tibia are bowed. There is also a reduced angle of the femoral neck, which gives the patient a "waddling gait" appearance. The doctor suspects Paget disease. The patient asks how he got that. The nurse will respond,

A 16-month-old boy has a normal weight for his age but a height far below the normal range. His list of symptoms includes a protruding abdomen, lethargy, bow legs, muscle weakness, and irritability. His teeth have not yet developed, and he has difficulty standing. What is the child's most likely diagnosis?

Which of the following newborn infants demonstrates the highest risk of presenting with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH)?

Following genetic testing and a thorough history from the child's mother and father, a 5-month-old boy has been diagnosed with osteogenesis imperfecta. What teaching point should the care team provide to the mother and father?

Which of the following is an aspect of the bone growth and development that occurs during the first two decades of life?

Following bone density scanning and diagnostic imaging, a 4-year-old boy has been diagnosed with Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease. Which of the following findings, signs, and symptoms would lead clinicians to this conclusion? Select all that apply.

The parents of a newborn who has been diagnosed with developmental dysplasia of the hip ask the nurse about the reason this harness has to be on their child. The nurse responds,

When a 4-year-old boy stands erect with his medial malleoli touching, the distance between his knees is 2 inches. What is the child's most likely diagnosis and treatment?

A patient is suspected to have osteomalacia based on his clinical manifestations and lab/diagnostic workup (low calcium levels, transverse lines on x-ray). The nurse would expect the patient to have which of the following clinical manifestations? Select all that apply.

While measuring the height of a 12-year-old girl during an office visit, the primary care physician noted a deviation of the girl's spine. This was subsequently quantified as being a right curve scoliosis of approximately 10-degree deviation. Which of the following treatment options is most clearly indicated?

A female toddler has been diagnosed with toeing-in (metatarsus adductus). What teaching should the pediatrician provide to the parents of the child about her diagnosis?

A 74-year-old female has been diagnosed with osteoporosis after her bone density scan indicated osteopenia. Which of the following factors would her care team be most likely to rule out as contributors to her health problem?