Question 1

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Distal parenting

Accepted Answer

A pattern of caregiving in which parents have physical contact with babies but emphasize face-to-face verbal and vocal interaction, and encourage infants to look at toys or other objects while they talk about and manipulate them together, reinforcing the value of independence and self-reliance.

Question 2

William was adopted from a Russian orphanage at the age of 12 months. Compared to children from the same orphanage who were adopted before the age of 6 months, William will probably

Accepted Answer

A)  be more advanced physically and cognitively 
B)  suffer less from stunted growth 
C)  have more emotional and social problems 
D)  develop a more secure attachment relationship with his new family 
A)  be more advanced physically and cognitively 
B)  suffer less from stunted growth 
C)  have more emotional and social problems 
D)  develop a more secure attachment relationship with his new family C

Question 3

Sibling conflicts

Accepted Answer

A)  are relatively rare, so most studies of siblings focus on cooperation and positive play 
B)  often become more aggressive as infant siblings develop cognitively and socially 
C)  undermine children's understanding of others' thoughts, feelings, and actions 
D)  are unrelated to conflicts involving peers 
A)  are relatively rare, so most studies of siblings focus on cooperation and positive play 
B)  often become more aggressive as infant siblings develop cognitively and socially 
C)  undermine children's understanding of others' thoughts, feelings, and actions 
D)  are unrelated to conflicts involving peers B

Question 4

Research indicates that a secure attachment relationship depends upon all of the following occurring except

Accepted Answer

A)  high levels of maternal sensitivity 
B)  dyadic synchrony 
C)  responsiveness to infants' distress 
D)  natural child birth and breast feeding 
A)  high levels of maternal sensitivity 
B)  dyadic synchrony 
C)  responsiveness to infants' distress 
D)  natural child birth and breast feeding

Question 5

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Attachment behaviors

Accepted Answer

Infants' built-in behaviors, s

Question 6

Martha wants her firstborn son to have a good relationship with his newborn brother. To help them get along together, she should try to do all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  talk with her older son about his baby brother's needs and feelings 
B)  promote a secure attachment relations by responding to the baby's distress quickly and sensitively, just as she did when her older son was an infant 
C)  be understanding if her older son becomes more clingy or aggressive for a while or even develops problems sleeping or using the toilet 
D)  send her older son to stay with his grandparents for a few weeks after the baby comes home 
A)  talk with her older son about his baby brother's needs and feelings 
B)  promote a secure attachment relations by responding to the baby's distress quickly and sensitively, just as she did when her older son was an infant 
C)  be understanding if her older son becomes more clingy or aggressive for a while or even develops problems sleeping or using the toilet 
D)  send her older son to stay with his grandparents for a few weeks after the baby comes home

Question 7

All of the following observations about becoming a sibling have been supported except

Accepted Answer

A)  it is unusual for firstborn children to experience the birth of a sibling negatively 
B)  children younger than 18 months tend to show little disruption and negativity in comparison with preschool-age children 
C)  preschool-age boys tend to react more negatively than preschool-age girls to the birth of a younger sibling 
D)  firstborn children respond more positively to the birth of a sibling if they and their friends engage in fantasy and pretend play that involves sibling-related themes 
A)  it is unusual for firstborn children to experience the birth of a sibling negatively 
B)  children younger than 18 months tend to show little disruption and negativity in comparison with preschool-age children 
C)  preschool-age boys tend to react more negatively than preschool-age girls to the birth of a younger sibling 
D)  firstborn children respond more positively to the birth of a sibling if they and their friends engage in fantasy and pretend play that involves sibling-related themes

Question 8

Studies of cross-cultural differences in parents' management of infants' and toddlers' sleep have found all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  Dutch parents are more concerned with providing their newborns with rest and regularity, whereas U.S. parents focus on providing stimulating interaction 
B)  Italian and Japanese parents are sympathetic to their young children's sleep problems and are more likely to report co-sleeping than are nonHispanic white parents in the United States 
C)  in the United States, nonHispanic white parents are more likely to report co-sleeping than are African American parents 
D)  in cultures that value interpersonal relatedness, parents reinforce this socialization goal through close physical contact with infants and toddlers 
A)  Dutch parents are more concerned with providing their newborns with rest and regularity, whereas U.S. parents focus on providing stimulating interaction 
B)  Italian and Japanese parents are sympathetic to their young children's sleep problems and are more likely to report co-sleeping than are nonHispanic white parents in the United States 
C)  in the United States, nonHispanic white parents are more likely to report co-sleeping than are African American parents 
D)  in cultures that value interpersonal relatedness, parents reinforce this socialization goal through close physical contact with infants and toddlers

Question 9

Robin and her 5-month-old son have developed their own style of interaction, which includes looking at each other often, sharing emotions, and communicating vocally and verbally. Researchers would say that their interactions are characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  dyadic synchrony 
B)  unidirectionality 
C)  horizontality 
D)  dual socialization 
A)  dyadic synchrony 
B)  unidirectionality 
C)  horizontality 
D)  dual socialization

Question 10

A widely used assessment of attachment security that is based on observations of behavior in a laboratory setting is the

Accepted Answer

A)  Attachment Q-Sort 
B)  Strange Situation 
C)  Dyadic Assessment 
D)  Synchrony Scale 
A)  Attachment Q-Sort 
B)  Strange Situation 
C)  Dyadic Assessment 
D)  Synchrony Scale

Question 11

Josie and Jasmine attend the same child care center and are in the same classroom. Given that they are friends, they are likely to engage in all of the following activities except

Accepted Answer

A)  smiling and laughing together while looking at each other 
B)  choosing the same activities during free play time 
C)  frequent episodes of conflict about which games to play when they go outside 
D)  excluding other children from their conversations and activities 
A)  smiling and laughing together while looking at each other 
B)  choosing the same activities during free play time 
C)  frequent episodes of conflict about which games to play when they go outside 
D)  excluding other children from their conversations and activities

Question 12

Ruth (from Israel), Midori (from Japan), Maria (from Mexico), and Heidelise (from Germany) meet at the park when they bring their 2-year-olds there to play every day. They begin talking about the "ideally secure" child and discover that

Accepted Answer

A)  they agree about the amount of physical contact that the "ideal" child should maintain with the mother 
B)  they agree that the "ideal" child should use the mother as a base for exploration 
C)  there are few differences in their views about the "ideal" child's willingness to interact with other adults 
D)  there is little variability in their belief about the importance of the "ideal" child showing positive emotions when complying with the mother's requests 
A)  they agree about the amount of physical contact that the "ideal" child should maintain with the mother 
B)  they agree that the "ideal" child should use the mother as a base for exploration 
C)  there are few differences in their views about the "ideal" child's willingness to interact with other adults 
D)  there is little variability in their belief about the importance of the "ideal" child showing positive emotions when complying with the mother's requests

Question 13

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Reactive attachment disorder (RAD)

Accepted Answer

A recently proposed type of at

Question 14

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Ethnotheories

Accepted Answer

Implicit, coherent ideas about parenting

Question 15

When 4-year-old Juan and 2-year-old Carlos, brothers who get along well most of the time, visited the home of their father's coworker for the first time, Carlos did not want to leave their mother's side until Juan took his hand and encouraged him to play ball in the backyard. This episode shows that

Accepted Answer

A)  older siblings are bossy 
B)  Juan appears to be securely attached to their mother, but Carlos seems to be insecurely attached to her 
C)  Juan provided a secure base for Carlos, enabling him to explore the new environment 
D)  Carlos feels emotionally closer to his brother than to their mother 
A)  older siblings are bossy 
B)  Juan appears to be securely attached to their mother, but Carlos seems to be insecurely attached to her 
C)  Juan provided a secure base for Carlos, enabling him to explore the new environment 
D)  Carlos feels emotionally closer to his brother than to their mother

Question 16

What is the definition of the following terms?
-Effectance

Accepted Answer

The feeling of influencing oth

Question 17

All of the following have been found in studies of siblings except

Accepted Answer

A)  older siblings rarely serve as their younger sibling's secure base for exploration 
B)  siblings typically play complementary roles, such as leader and follower 
C)  older siblings are more likely to direct positive behaviors toward their young sibling if their mother refers to the younger sibling's emotions or actions 
D)  sibling relationships change from nearly vertical in early childhood to nearly horizontal by the end of adolescence 
A)  older siblings rarely serve as their younger sibling's secure base for exploration 
B)  siblings typically play complementary roles, such as leader and follower 
C)  older siblings are more likely to direct positive behaviors toward their young sibling if their mother refers to the younger sibling's emotions or actions 
D)  sibling relationships change from nearly vertical in early childhood to nearly horizontal by the end of adolescence

Question 18

All of the following statements about maltreatment are supported by research except

Accepted Answer

A)  the effects of child maltreatment are so severe that they can rarely be buffered by the presence of a nonabusive caregiver 
B)  toddlers who are physically abused are more likely to be more aggressive and to have less empathy toward others' emotions than toddlers who are not physically abused 
C)  prolonged maltreatment is linked to higher levels of stress hormones than briefer exposure to abuse and neglect 
D)  the quality of the infant-caregiver attachment relationship tends to be poor and jeopardizes other relationships in which maltreated children participate 
A)  the effects of child maltreatment are so severe that they can rarely be buffered by the presence of a nonabusive caregiver 
B)  toddlers who are physically abused are more likely to be more aggressive and to have less empathy toward others' emotions than toddlers who are not physically abused 
C)  prolonged maltreatment is linked to higher levels of stress hormones than briefer exposure to abuse and neglect 
D)  the quality of the infant-caregiver attachment relationship tends to be poor and jeopardizes other relationships in which maltreated children participate

Question 19

According to attachment theory, all of the following statements are true except

Accepted Answer

A)  over the course of the first year of life, infants create internal working models that represent their caregiving experiences 
B)  attachment behaviors have to be learned, a process that takes most of the first year of life 
C)  infants begin to differentiate between their usual caregiver and a stranger between 2 and 7 months of age, showing a preference for their usual caregiver between 6 and 9 months 
D)  from 7 to 24 months, infants' increasing mobility offers them new ways to show their preference for a particular caregiver by seeking to be close to him or her when they are distressed or uncertain about a situation 
A)  over the course of the first year of life, infants create internal working models that represent their caregiving experiences 
B)  attachment behaviors have to be learned, a process that takes most of the first year of life 
C)  infants begin to differentiate between their usual caregiver and a stranger between 2 and 7 months of age, showing a preference for their usual caregiver between 6 and 9 months 
D)  from 7 to 24 months, infants' increasing mobility offers them new ways to show their preference for a particular caregiver by seeking to be close to him or her when they are distressed or uncertain about a situation

Question 20

All of the following statements about attachment are supported by research except

Accepted Answer

A)  securely attached infants use the caregiver as an effective source of comfort when the infant is distressed 
B)  securely attached infants hug their caregivers, whereas insecurely attached infants rarely make physical contact with their caregivers 
C)  infants with insecure-resistant attachment resist making contact or even show anger and distress when the caregiver returns 
D)  insecure-avoidant infants may behave as they do because their caregivers have been overstimulating or intrusive during their interactions 
A)  securely attached infants use the caregiver as an effective source of comfort when the infant is distressed 
B)  securely attached infants hug their caregivers, whereas insecurely attached infants rarely make physical contact with their caregivers 
C)  infants with insecure-resistant attachment resist making contact or even show anger and distress when the caregiver returns 
D)  insecure-avoidant infants may behave as they do because their caregivers have been overstimulating or intrusive during their interactions

What is the definition of the following terms? -Distal parenting

William was adopted from a Russian orphanage at the age of 12 months. Compared to children from the same orphanage who were adopted before the age of 6 months, William will probably

Sibling conflicts

Research indicates that a secure attachment relationship depends upon all of the following occurring except

What is the definition of the following terms? -Attachment behaviors

Martha wants her firstborn son to have a good relationship with his newborn brother. To help them get along together, she should try to do all of the following except

All of the following observations about becoming a sibling have been supported except

Studies of cross-cultural differences in parents' management of infants' and toddlers' sleep have found all of the following except

Robin and her 5-month-old son have developed their own style of interaction, which includes looking at each other often, sharing emotions, and communicating vocally and verbally. Researchers would say that their interactions are characterized by

A widely used assessment of attachment security that is based on observations of behavior in a laboratory setting is the

Josie and Jasmine attend the same child care center and are in the same classroom. Given that they are friends, they are likely to engage in all of the following activities except

Ruth (from Israel), Midori (from Japan), Maria (from Mexico), and Heidelise (from Germany) meet at the park when they bring their 2-year-olds there to play every day. They begin talking about the "ideally secure" child and discover that

What is the definition of the following terms? -Reactive attachment disorder (RAD)

What is the definition of the following terms? -Ethnotheories

When 4-year-old Juan and 2-year-old Carlos, brothers who get along well most of the time, visited the home of their father's coworker for the first time, Carlos did not want to leave their mother's side until Juan took his hand and encouraged him to play ball in the backyard. This episode shows that

What is the definition of the following terms? -Effectance

All of the following have been found in studies of siblings except

All of the following statements about maltreatment are supported by research except

According to attachment theory, all of the following statements are true except

All of the following statements about attachment are supported by research except

Beliefs About Babies: Historical Perspectives on Children and Childhood

Research Methods

Genetics, Conception, and Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn

Physical Growth, Health, and Nutrition

Sensation, Perception, and Motor Development

Cognition, Learning, and Intelligence

Language and Communication

Temperament, Emotions, and the Self

Building Better Babies: Childcare and Early Intervention

Babies of Today and Tomorrow: Music, Media, and Computers

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Exam 9: Relationships and Social Development

What is the definition of the following terms? -Distal parenting

William was adopted from a Russian orphanage at the age of 12 months. Compared to children from the same orphanage who were adopted before the age of 6 months, William will probably

Sibling conflicts

Research indicates that a secure attachment relationship depends upon all of the following occurring except

What is the definition of the following terms? -Attachment behaviors

Martha wants her firstborn son to have a good relationship with his newborn brother. To help them get along together, she should try to do all of the following except

All of the following observations about becoming a sibling have been supported except

Studies of cross-cultural differences in parents' management of infants' and toddlers' sleep have found all of the following except

Robin and her 5-month-old son have developed their own style of interaction, which includes looking at each other often, sharing emotions, and communicating vocally and verbally. Researchers would say that their interactions are characterized by

A widely used assessment of attachment security that is based on observations of behavior in a laboratory setting is the

Josie and Jasmine attend the same child care center and are in the same classroom. Given that they are friends, they are likely to engage in all of the following activities except

Ruth (from Israel), Midori (from Japan), Maria (from Mexico), and Heidelise (from Germany) meet at the park when they bring their 2-year-olds there to play every day. They begin talking about the "ideally secure" child and discover that

What is the definition of the following terms? -Reactive attachment disorder (RAD)

What is the definition of the following terms? -Ethnotheories

What is the definition of the following terms? -Effectance

All of the following have been found in studies of siblings except

All of the following statements about maltreatment are supported by research except

According to attachment theory, all of the following statements are true except

All of the following statements about attachment are supported by research except

Beliefs About Babies: Historical Perspectives on Children and Childhood

Research Methods

Genetics, Conception, and Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn

Physical Growth, Health, and Nutrition

Sensation, Perception, and Motor Development

Cognition, Learning, and Intelligence

Language and Communication

Temperament, Emotions, and the Self

Building Better Babies: Childcare and Early Intervention

Babies of Today and Tomorrow: Music, Media, and Computers

Filters