Question 1

Why are expert diagnostic decision support systems not integrated into clinical settings? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  They have not been shown to be comparable to the performance of human experts. 
B)  Clinicians generally must go out of their routine workflows to use the systems, and these systems generally require time-consuming data entry. 
C)  There are limited financial incentives to use such systems. 
D)  The systems have been found to be detrimental to patient care. 
E)  The software has been shown to be insecure. 
A)  They have not been shown to be comparable to the performance of human experts. 
B)  Clinicians generally must go out of their routine workflows to use the systems, and these systems generally require time-consuming data entry. 
C)  There are limited financial incentives to use such systems. 
D)  The systems have been found to be detrimental to patient care. 
E)  The software has been shown to be insecure. B, C

Question 2

A healthcare system has implemented a functionality where patients who are overdue or almost due for a mammogram are sent letters notifying them to schedule a mammogram based on available data and current clinical care guidelines. Which type of CDS system is this?

Accepted Answer

A)  This is not a CDS. 
B)  A personal health record system 
C)  A reminder system 
D)  An alerting system 
A)  This is not a CDS. 
B)  A personal health record system 
C)  A reminder system 
D)  An alerting system C

Question 3

Which statement is not part of the Ten Commandments of CDS?

Accepted Answer

A)  Speed is everything. 
B)  Fit into the user's workflow. 
C)  Alerting is the most effective approach to CDS. 
D)  Ask for additional information only when you really need it. 
A)  Speed is everything. 
B)  Fit into the user's workflow. 
C)  Alerting is the most effective approach to CDS. 
D)  Ask for additional information only when you really need it. C

Question 4

Which group would have a financial incentive to implement CDS?

Accepted Answer

A)  A community hospital 
B)  An inner-city clinic 
C)  A national insurer 
D)  Depends on CDS and healthcare payment model 
A)  A community hospital 
B)  An inner-city clinic 
C)  A national insurer 
D)  Depends on CDS and healthcare payment model

Question 5

Why have most clinical decision support (CDS) systems not shown to significantly impact patient outcomes in clinical trials, despite the fact that a majority of systems have been shown to significantly improve care processes?

Accepted Answer

A)  CDS systems have not been evaluated in clinical trials. 
B)  Very few studies have assessed the impact of CDS systems on patient outcomes. 
C)  Many CDS system evaluation trials are underpowered to detect changes in care outcomes. 
D)  CDS systems have been implemented and evaluated in too many diverse institutions. 
A)  CDS systems have not been evaluated in clinical trials. 
B)  Very few studies have assessed the impact of CDS systems on patient outcomes. 
C)  Many CDS system evaluation trials are underpowered to detect changes in care outcomes. 
D)  CDS systems have been implemented and evaluated in too many diverse institutions.

Question 6

Which of the following are challenges or barriers to CDS adoption? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Lack of evidence of CDS effectiveness 
B)  Misaligned financial incentives 
C)  Inadequate EHR adoption 
D)  Lack of widely adopted standards for CDS 
E)  Concerns over "cookbook medicine" 
A)  Lack of evidence of CDS effectiveness 
B)  Misaligned financial incentives 
C)  Inadequate EHR adoption 
D)  Lack of widely adopted standards for CDS 
E)  Concerns over "cookbook medicine"

Question 7

Which incentive has the strongest potential to spur the nationwide adoption of advanced CDS?

Accepted Answer

A)  Freely available CDS knowledge in a machine-executable form 
B)  Significant government funding for research efforts to share CDS 
C)  Shift of healthcare payment from a fee-for-service model to approaches rewarding the delivery of better quality and outcomes at lower cost 
D)  Meaningful Use Stage 1 requirements related to CDS 
A)  Freely available CDS knowledge in a machine-executable form 
B)  Significant government funding for research efforts to share CDS 
C)  Shift of healthcare payment from a fee-for-service model to approaches rewarding the delivery of better quality and outcomes at lower cost 
D)  Meaningful Use Stage 1 requirements related to CDS

Question 8

Which tools are examples of CDS? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  An order set 
B)  A reminder 
C)  A phone call 
D)  An infobutton 
E)  An expert system 
A)  An order set 
B)  A reminder 
C)  A phone call 
D)  An infobutton 
E)  An expert system

Question 9

Why is CDS important for healthcare institutions? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  It can reduce the need for registered nurses. 
B)  It can help reduce medical errors. 
C)  It is a required element of Meaningful Use regulations. 
D)  It can help improve care value. 
E)  It can slow the growth in use of facilities to manageable levels. 
A)  It can reduce the need for registered nurses. 
B)  It can help reduce medical errors. 
C)  It is a required element of Meaningful Use regulations. 
D)  It can help improve care value. 
E)  It can slow the growth in use of facilities to manageable levels.

Question 10

Which of the following practices are included in the CDS Five Rights? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Providing the right information 
B)  Providing to the right person 
C)  Providing at the right point in the workflow 
D)  Providing the right reference information 
E)  Using the right intervention format 
A)  Providing the right information 
B)  Providing to the right person 
C)  Providing at the right point in the workflow 
D)  Providing the right reference information 
E)  Using the right intervention format

Exam 10: Clinical Decision Support Systems in Healthcare

Why are expert diagnostic decision support systems not integrated into clinical settings? (Select all that apply.)

A healthcare system has implemented a functionality where patients who are overdue or almost due for a mammogram are sent letters notifying them to schedule a mammogram based on available data and current clinical care guidelines. Which type of CDS system is this?

Which statement is not part of the Ten Commandments of CDS?

Which group would have a financial incentive to implement CDS?

Why have most clinical decision support (CDS) systems not shown to significantly impact patient outcomes in clinical trials, despite the fact that a majority of systems have been shown to significantly improve care processes?

Which of the following are challenges or barriers to CDS adoption? (Select all that apply.)

Which incentive has the strongest potential to spur the nationwide adoption of advanced CDS?

Which tools are examples of CDS? (Select all that apply.)

Why is CDS important for healthcare institutions? (Select all that apply.)

Which of the following practices are included in the CDS Five Rights? (Select all that apply.)

An Introduction to Health Informatics

Theoretical Foundations of Health Informatics

Evidence-Based Practice, Practice-Based Evidence, and Informatics

Models, Theories, and Research for Program Evaluation

Technical Infrastructure to Support Healthcare

Electronic Health Records and Applications for Managing Patient Care

Administrative Applications Supporting Healthcare Delivery

Telehealth and Applications for Delivering Care at a Distance

Home Health and Related Community-Based Systems

Public Health Informatics

The Evolving Epatient

Social Media Tools for Practice and Education

Personal Health Records PHRS

Mhealththe Intersection of Mobile Technology and Health

Identifying and Selecting an Information System Solution

Project Management Principles and Clinical Systems

Contract Negotiations and Software Licensing

Implementing and Upgrading an Information System Solution

Health Information Systems: Downtime and Disaster Recovery

Improving the User Experience for Health Information Technology Products

Informatics-Related Standards and Standards-Setting Organizations

Data Science and Analytics in Healthcare

Patient Safety and Quality Initiatives in Informatics

Legal Issues, Federal Regulations, and Accreditation

Privacy and Security

The Health Information Technology for Education and Clinical Health Hitech Act, Meaningful Use Mu, and Medicare Access & Chip Reauthorization Act of 2015 Macra

Health Policy and Health Informatics

Health Information Technology Governance

Informatics in the Curriculum for Healthcare Professionals

Distance Education: Applications, Techniques, and Issues

Informatics Tools for Educating Health Professionals

Simulation in Healthcare Education

International Informatics Efforts

The Evolution of Health Informatics

Future Directions and Future Research in Health Informatics

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