Question 1

In pterobranchs, what is the function of the two tentacles on the collar?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gas exchange 
B)  Waste excretion 
C)  Thermal regulation 
D)  Feeding 
E)  Current sensory 
A)  Gas exchange 
B)  Waste excretion 
C)  Thermal regulation 
D)  Feeding 
E)  Current sensory

Question 2

The pharyngeal slits of early chordates were modified through evolution to provide a range of functions including

Accepted Answer

A)  gills. 
B)  gas exchange. 
C)  vocalisation. 
D)  hearing. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  gills. 
B)  gas exchange. 
C)  vocalisation. 
D)  hearing. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 3

All craniates have

Accepted Answer

A)  a distinct head with a cranium. 
B)  a backbone composed of vertebrae. 
C)  dermal bones. 
D)  a bony head. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  a distinct head with a cranium. 
B)  a backbone composed of vertebrae. 
C)  dermal bones. 
D)  a bony head. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 4

Mammals

Accepted Answer

A)  have a four-chambered heart and double circulation. 
B)  are amniotes in which epidermal hair is present at some stage of development. 
C)  have mammary glands which provide food for the young. 
D)  are endothermic. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  have a four-chambered heart and double circulation. 
B)  are amniotes in which epidermal hair is present at some stage of development. 
C)  have mammary glands which provide food for the young. 
D)  are endothermic. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 5

At some stage of development, chordates possess

Accepted Answer

A)  pharyngeal slits. 
B)  a hollow dorsal nerve cord. 
C)  a notochord. 
D)  pharyngeal slits and a hollow dorsal nerve cord. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  pharyngeal slits. 
B)  a hollow dorsal nerve cord. 
C)  a notochord. 
D)  pharyngeal slits and a hollow dorsal nerve cord. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 6

Echinodems

Accepted Answer

A)  have larvae that are radially symmetrical and free-swimming. 
B)  are marine animals that have a five-rayed symmetry and no head. 
C)  have a water vascular system of radial muscles that pump water through the animal. 
D)  have dipleurula larva derived from a double-layered balstula. 
E)  have an external skeleton composed of spicules which give it its 'spiny skin'. 
A)  have larvae that are radially symmetrical and free-swimming. 
B)  are marine animals that have a five-rayed symmetry and no head. 
C)  have a water vascular system of radial muscles that pump water through the animal. 
D)  have dipleurula larva derived from a double-layered balstula. 
E)  have an external skeleton composed of spicules which give it its 'spiny skin'.

Question 7

The limbs of tetrapods (amphibians, birds, reptiles and mammals) are

Accepted Answer

A)  similar to the fins of sharks and rays. 
B)  similar to the fins of ray-finned fish. 
C)  similar to the fins of lobe-finned fish. 
D)  similar to the fins of cartilaginous fish. 
E)  not similar to any of these. 
A)  similar to the fins of sharks and rays. 
B)  similar to the fins of ray-finned fish. 
C)  similar to the fins of lobe-finned fish. 
D)  similar to the fins of cartilaginous fish. 
E)  not similar to any of these.

Question 8

With the exception of humans, what regions do primates inhabit?

Accepted Answer

A)  Arid 
B)  Temperate 
C)  Tundra 
D)  Intertropical 
E)  Taiga 
A)  Arid 
B)  Temperate 
C)  Tundra 
D)  Intertropical 
E)  Taiga

Question 9

Amphibians are not amniotes because

Accepted Answer

A)  the whole zygote contributes to the structures of the embryo. 
B)  the zygote does not produce numerous extra-embryonic membranes. 
C)  fertilisation in amphibians is internal. 
D)  the whole zygote contributes to the structures of the embryo and the zygote does not produce numerous extra-embryonic membranes. 
E)  the whole zygote contributes to the structures of the embryo and fertilisation in amphibians is internal. 
A)  the whole zygote contributes to the structures of the embryo. 
B)  the zygote does not produce numerous extra-embryonic membranes. 
C)  fertilisation in amphibians is internal. 
D)  the whole zygote contributes to the structures of the embryo and the zygote does not produce numerous extra-embryonic membranes. 
E)  the whole zygote contributes to the structures of the embryo and fertilisation in amphibians is internal.

Question 10

Mammals are the only animals that

Accepted Answer

A)  always bear their young alive. 
B)  have a four-chambered heart. 
C)  feed their young with body secretions from a mammary gland. 
D)  have bicuspid teeth. 
E)  have two condyles on the skull to articulate with the vertebral column. 
A)  always bear their young alive. 
B)  have a four-chambered heart. 
C)  feed their young with body secretions from a mammary gland. 
D)  have bicuspid teeth. 
E)  have two condyles on the skull to articulate with the vertebral column.

Question 11

A zookeeper is responsible for a wallaby enclosure in a zoo. A new, young female has recently joined the enclosure and is soon mated with a virile male. Soon after, blood tests show that the female is pregnant but after a month the female still fails to show any signs of pregnancy. Why could this be so?

Accepted Answer

A)  The female still has a very young offspring in her pouch which is halting the development of the new foetus. 
B)  Like all marsupials, wallabies have a long gestation period. There will be no indications of pregnancy for several more months. 
C)  The blood test is faulty. 
D)  The foetus has a developmental retardation mutation. 
E)  Young females can exhibit 'phantom' pregnancies that mimic real pregnancy at the biochemical level as a means of placating aggressive males on heat. 
A)  The female still has a very young offspring in her pouch which is halting the development of the new foetus. 
B)  Like all marsupials, wallabies have a long gestation period. There will be no indications of pregnancy for several more months. 
C)  The blood test is faulty. 
D)  The foetus has a developmental retardation mutation. 
E)  Young females can exhibit 'phantom' pregnancies that mimic real pregnancy at the biochemical level as a means of placating aggressive males on heat.

Question 12

Reptiles are not considered a monophyletic group. This means that

Accepted Answer

A)  not all reptiles have an amnion. 
B)  reptiles have different evolutionary origins. 
C)  reptiles live in diverse environments. 
D)  reptiles are very diverse in structure. 
E)  birds as well as reptiles should be classified together. 
A)  not all reptiles have an amnion. 
B)  reptiles have different evolutionary origins. 
C)  reptiles live in diverse environments. 
D)  reptiles are very diverse in structure. 
E)  birds as well as reptiles should be classified together.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a primate characteristic?

Accepted Answer

A)  A well-developed clavicle 
B)  Prehensile digits 
C)  Monocular vision 
D)  Relatively large brain 
E)  Plantigrade limbs 
A)  A well-developed clavicle 
B)  Prehensile digits 
C)  Monocular vision 
D)  Relatively large brain 
E)  Plantigrade limbs

Question 14

Jawed vertebrates have jaws derived from

Accepted Answer

A)  dermal bones. 
B)  unfused cranial bones. 
C)  anterior branchial arches of the gill. 
D)  bones of the inner ear. 
E)  the notochord during embryonic development. 
A)  dermal bones. 
B)  unfused cranial bones. 
C)  anterior branchial arches of the gill. 
D)  bones of the inner ear. 
E)  the notochord during embryonic development.

Question 15

The earliest larval stage of echinoderms

Accepted Answer

A)  is called the dipleurula larva in approximately half of all living species. 
B)  is called a trochophore larva. 
C)  is radially symmetrical. 
D)  develops projecting arms. 
E)  does not have a through gut, with a mouth and anus. 
A)  is called the dipleurula larva in approximately half of all living species. 
B)  is called a trochophore larva. 
C)  is radially symmetrical. 
D)  develops projecting arms. 
E)  does not have a through gut, with a mouth and anus.

Question 16

Which of these statements about echinoderms is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

A)  The skeleton of echinoderms is ectodermal in origin. 
B)  Feather stars belong to the class Echinoidea. 
C)  Echinoderms are unsegmented. 
D)  Echinoderm embryos develop into a trochophore larvae. 
E)  Some echinoderms are colonial. 
A)  The skeleton of echinoderms is ectodermal in origin. 
B)  Feather stars belong to the class Echinoidea. 
C)  Echinoderms are unsegmented. 
D)  Echinoderm embryos develop into a trochophore larvae. 
E)  Some echinoderms are colonial.

Question 17

The tube feet in echinoderms are extended by forcing water into them from the

Accepted Answer

A)  madreporite. 
B)  ring canal. 
C)  radial canal. 
D)  ampullae. 
E)  mouth. 
A)  madreporite. 
B)  ring canal. 
C)  radial canal. 
D)  ampullae. 
E)  mouth.

Question 18

Although echinoderms appear to have radial symmetry, their bilateral origins are revealed by

Accepted Answer

A)  the shape of their water vascular system. 
B)  the symmetry of their larvae. 
C)  the development of an oral/aboral surface. 
D)  their baso-lateral anatomy. 
E)  their five-rayed symmetry. 
A)  the shape of their water vascular system. 
B)  the symmetry of their larvae. 
C)  the development of an oral/aboral surface. 
D)  their baso-lateral anatomy. 
E)  their five-rayed symmetry.

Question 19

A natural history museum curator has been tasked with finding fossil specimens of an early human ancestor, specifically Homo ergaster. Where could the curator begin his search to find such a fossil, and how far back in the fossil record would he need to examine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Southern Eurasia, ~175 million years 
B)  South-East Asia, ~150 million years 
C)  Europe, ~125 million years 
D)  Americas, ~100 million years 
E)  Rift Valley, Africa, ~50 million years 
A)  Southern Eurasia, ~175 million years 
B)  South-East Asia, ~150 million years 
C)  Europe, ~125 million years 
D)  Americas, ~100 million years 
E)  Rift Valley, Africa, ~50 million years

Question 20

Most amphibians return to water to lay their eggs because

Accepted Answer

A)  the egg lacks an amniotic membrane. 
B)  water is isotonic with their egg fluids. 
C)  amphibians need water to mate. 
D)  embryos rapidly dry out as they do not have a covering. 
E)  fertilisation is external. 
A)  the egg lacks an amniotic membrane. 
B)  water is isotonic with their egg fluids. 
C)  amphibians need water to mate. 
D)  embryos rapidly dry out as they do not have a covering. 
E)  fertilisation is external.

Exam 41: Echinoderms and Chordates

In pterobranchs, what is the function of the two tentacles on the collar?

The pharyngeal slits of early chordates were modified through evolution to provide a range of functions including

All craniates have

Mammals

At some stage of development, chordates possess

Echinodems

The limbs of tetrapods (amphibians, birds, reptiles and mammals) are

With the exception of humans, what regions do primates inhabit?

Amphibians are not amniotes because

Mammals are the only animals that

Reptiles are not considered a monophyletic group. This means that

Which of the following is NOT a primate characteristic?

Jawed vertebrates have jaws derived from

The earliest larval stage of echinoderms

Which of these statements about echinoderms is CORRECT?

The tube feet in echinoderms are extended by forcing water into them from the

Although echinoderms appear to have radial symmetry, their bilateral origins are revealed by

A natural history museum curator has been tasked with finding fossil specimens of an early human ancestor, specifically Homo ergaster. Where could the curator begin his search to find such a fossil, and how far back in the fossil record would he need to examine?

Most amphibians return to water to lay their eggs because

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