Question 1

Which of the following mammalian cells do NOT contain the eicosanoid, arachidonic acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Smooth muscle cells 
B)  Bone cells 
C)  Erythrocytes 
D)  Platelets 
E)  Lymphocytes. 
A)  Smooth muscle cells 
B)  Bone cells 
C)  Erythrocytes 
D)  Platelets 
E)  Lymphocytes. C

Question 2

Glucagon

Accepted Answer

A)  has hyperglycaemic effects. 
B)  is secreted by the acini of the pancreas when blood glucose levels fall. 
C)  is secreted by beta cells of the islets of Langerhans. 
D)  induces gluconeogenesis. 
E)  works with insulin to reduce blood glucose. 
A)  has hyperglycaemic effects. 
B)  is secreted by the acini of the pancreas when blood glucose levels fall. 
C)  is secreted by beta cells of the islets of Langerhans. 
D)  induces gluconeogenesis. 
E)  works with insulin to reduce blood glucose. A

Question 3

Which of the following statements about mammalian reproductive systems is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Follicle stimulating hormone stimulates the secretion of oestrogen. 
B)  The corpus luteum secretes progesterone. 
C)  Follicle stimulating hormone is only present in females. 
D)  Luteinising hormone levels peak at ovulation. 
E)  Testosterone is converted to oestradiol in brain cells of most vertebrates. 
A)  Follicle stimulating hormone stimulates the secretion of oestrogen. 
B)  The corpus luteum secretes progesterone. 
C)  Follicle stimulating hormone is only present in females. 
D)  Luteinising hormone levels peak at ovulation. 
E)  Testosterone is converted to oestradiol in brain cells of most vertebrates. C

Question 4

Endocrine glands

Accepted Answer

A)  are organs with non-differentiated cells. 
B)  secrete hormones onto a body cavity or surface. 
C)  include organs such as the salivary glands. 
D)  secrete hormones through a duct. 
E)  All the options listed are incorrect. 
A)  are organs with non-differentiated cells. 
B)  secrete hormones onto a body cavity or surface. 
C)  include organs such as the salivary glands. 
D)  secrete hormones through a duct. 
E)  All the options listed are incorrect.

Question 5

The adrenal cortex

Accepted Answer

A)  secretes mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone, which mediates kidney function in response to the release of angiotensin. 
B)  is stimulated to release glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, by corticotrophin-releasing hormone. 
C)  secretes ADH primarily in response to adrenocorticotrophic hormone. 
D)  secretes angiotensin II in response to low blood Na+ levels. 
E)  secretes adrenocorticotrophic hormone in response to the release of corticotrophin-releasing hormone. 
A)  secretes mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone, which mediates kidney function in response to the release of angiotensin. 
B)  is stimulated to release glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, by corticotrophin-releasing hormone. 
C)  secretes ADH primarily in response to adrenocorticotrophic hormone. 
D)  secretes angiotensin II in response to low blood Na+ levels. 
E)  secretes adrenocorticotrophic hormone in response to the release of corticotrophin-releasing hormone.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about hormones in vertebrates is true? The hormones oxytocin and vasopressin

Accepted Answer

A)  are anterior pituitary hormones. 
B)  regulate metabolism of lipids. 
C)  regulate K+ and Na+ levels in the kidney. 
D)  are fat-soluble steroid hormones. 
E)  are both nona-peptides. 
A)  are anterior pituitary hormones. 
B)  regulate metabolism of lipids. 
C)  regulate K+ and Na+ levels in the kidney. 
D)  are fat-soluble steroid hormones. 
E)  are both nona-peptides.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is NOT true? In mammals, the adrenal gland

Accepted Answer

A)  secretes mainly protein-based hormones. 
B)  is located at the anterior end of the kidneys. 
C)  secretes glucocorticoids which influence protein metabolism.. 
D)  is essential for the maintenance of body sodium levels. 
E)  secretes mineralocorticosteroids in response to angiotensin II. 
A)  secretes mainly protein-based hormones. 
B)  is located at the anterior end of the kidneys. 
C)  secretes glucocorticoids which influence protein metabolism.. 
D)  is essential for the maintenance of body sodium levels. 
E)  secretes mineralocorticosteroids in response to angiotensin II.

Question 8

In vertebrates, the major neurosecretory region is found at the base of the brain and is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  hypophysis. 
B)  hypothalamus. 
C)  adenohypophysis. 
D)  neurohypophysis. 
E)  pituitary gland. 
A)  hypophysis. 
B)  hypothalamus. 
C)  adenohypophysis. 
D)  neurohypophysis. 
E)  pituitary gland.

Question 9

Ecdysone

Accepted Answer

A)  is important in regulating moulting in insects. 
B)  mobilises stored fuel reserves, such as fat and glycogen, at the onset of flight. 
C)  precipitates diapause. 
D)  is synthesised only in the prothoracic gland of insects. 
E)  induces social behaviour in the Hymenoptera. 
A)  is important in regulating moulting in insects. 
B)  mobilises stored fuel reserves, such as fat and glycogen, at the onset of flight. 
C)  precipitates diapause. 
D)  is synthesised only in the prothoracic gland of insects. 
E)  induces social behaviour in the Hymenoptera.

Question 10

What are the target cells of melatonin, and which hormone decreases their activity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypothalamus, the activity of which is decreased by IGF-II. 
B)  Thymus, the activity of which is decreased by luteinising hormone. 
C)  The pineal gland, the activity of which is decreased by parathyroid hormone. 
D)  Suprachiasmatic nucleus, the activity of which is decreased by melatonin. 
E)  Adenohypophysis, the activity of which is decreased by progesterone. 
A)  Hypothalamus, the activity of which is decreased by IGF-II. 
B)  Thymus, the activity of which is decreased by luteinising hormone. 
C)  The pineal gland, the activity of which is decreased by parathyroid hormone. 
D)  Suprachiasmatic nucleus, the activity of which is decreased by melatonin. 
E)  Adenohypophysis, the activity of which is decreased by progesterone.

Question 11

Diapause in insects is

Accepted Answer

A)  a period of dormancy. 
B)  a period of dispersal. 
C)  controlled by gonadotrophins. 
D)  the emergence of the adult form. 
E)  time between larval stages. 
A)  a period of dormancy. 
B)  a period of dispersal. 
C)  controlled by gonadotrophins. 
D)  the emergence of the adult form. 
E)  time between larval stages.

Question 12

At which stage during hemimetabolous development does ecdysone reach its peak concentration?

Accepted Answer

A)  1st instar 
B)  3rd instar 
C)  4th instar 
D)  Subadult 
E)  Adult 
A)  1st instar 
B)  3rd instar 
C)  4th instar 
D)  Subadult 
E)  Adult

Question 13

A person with dwarfism is found to have normal levels of circulating Growth Hormone (GH) and has fully functioning kidneys capable of producing sufficient levels of insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I, IGF-II). What is one reason why this person could still be a dwarf?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prolactin deficiency 
B)  Non-functional GH binding receptors on the kidneys 
C)  Excess levels of IGF-I 
D)  Excess levels of IGF-II 
E)  Overactive hypothalamus 
A)  Prolactin deficiency 
B)  Non-functional GH binding receptors on the kidneys 
C)  Excess levels of IGF-I 
D)  Excess levels of IGF-II 
E)  Overactive hypothalamus

Question 14

The endocrine cells of the thyroid gland

Accepted Answer

A)  are arranged in follicles of cuboidal cells with a large lumen when stimulated. 
B)  produce hormones such as thyroxine and TSH. 
C)  produce the thyroid peptide hormone thyroxine (T4) which contains iodine. 
D)  produce a protein precursor, thyroglobulin, which is stored in the lumen of the follicle. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  are arranged in follicles of cuboidal cells with a large lumen when stimulated. 
B)  produce hormones such as thyroxine and TSH. 
C)  produce the thyroid peptide hormone thyroxine (T4) which contains iodine. 
D)  produce a protein precursor, thyroglobulin, which is stored in the lumen of the follicle. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 15

A person consuming a diet devoid of unsaturated fatty acids would be deficient in which class of hormones?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pheromones 
B)  Autocrine hormones 
C)  Paracrine hormones 
D)  Prostaglandins 
E)  Gangliocrine hormones 
A)  Pheromones 
B)  Autocrine hormones 
C)  Paracrine hormones 
D)  Prostaglandins 
E)  Gangliocrine hormones

Question 16

In some reptiles, what becomes a functioning eye?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pineal gland 
B)  Parapineal gland 
C)  Adrenohypophysis 
D)  Olfactory nerve 
E)  Anterior pituitary gland 
A)  Pineal gland 
B)  Parapineal gland 
C)  Adrenohypophysis 
D)  Olfactory nerve 
E)  Anterior pituitary gland

Question 17

Which statement best describes the way in which a hormonal system functions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hormonal systems are generally used to communicate very rapidly over long distances to provide very transient responses. 
B)  Hormonal systems operate independently of nervous systems in facilitating responsiveness to the environment. 
C)  Hormonal systems operate in an integrated fashion with nervous systems and are generally used to produce sustained responses to sustained changes in the environment. 
D)  Hormone systems control growth and reproduction while the nervous system controls homeostasis. 
E)  Hormonal systems only operate on the basis of negative feedback loops involving suites of hormones. 
A)  Hormonal systems are generally used to communicate very rapidly over long distances to provide very transient responses. 
B)  Hormonal systems operate independently of nervous systems in facilitating responsiveness to the environment. 
C)  Hormonal systems operate in an integrated fashion with nervous systems and are generally used to produce sustained responses to sustained changes in the environment. 
D)  Hormone systems control growth and reproduction while the nervous system controls homeostasis. 
E)  Hormonal systems only operate on the basis of negative feedback loops involving suites of hormones.

Question 18

Polypeptide growth factors

Accepted Answer

A)  act as mitogens. 
B)  are secreted by a wide variety of cells. 
C)  are a group of polypeptide hormones. 
D)  bind to membrane bound receptors to activate an intracellular signal cascade. 
E)  All of the answers are true. 
A)  act as mitogens. 
B)  are secreted by a wide variety of cells. 
C)  are a group of polypeptide hormones. 
D)  bind to membrane bound receptors to activate an intracellular signal cascade. 
E)  All of the answers are true.

Question 19

In teleost fish, neural control of the anterior pituitary is

Accepted Answer

A)  endocrine as in all vertebrates. 
B)  under paracrine control by the hypothalamus. 
C)  inhibited by the release of specific anterior pituitary hormones. 
D)  under developed and does not function in hormonal control. 
E)  under the control of the median eminence. 
A)  endocrine as in all vertebrates. 
B)  under paracrine control by the hypothalamus. 
C)  inhibited by the release of specific anterior pituitary hormones. 
D)  under developed and does not function in hormonal control. 
E)  under the control of the median eminence.

Question 20

Endocrine hormone secreting cells are derived mostly from tissues in the

Accepted Answer

A)  digestive and excretory systems. 
B)  excretory and immune systems. 
C)  digestive and respiratory systems. 
D)  respiratory and immune systems. 
E)  excretory systems and immune systems. 
A)  digestive and excretory systems. 
B)  excretory and immune systems. 
C)  digestive and respiratory systems. 
D)  respiratory and immune systems. 
E)  excretory systems and immune systems.

Exam 28: Hormonal Control in Animals

Which of the following mammalian cells do NOT contain the eicosanoid, arachidonic acid?

Glucagon

Which of the following statements about mammalian reproductive systems is NOT true?

Endocrine glands

The adrenal cortex

Which of the following statements about hormones in vertebrates is true? The hormones oxytocin and vasopressin

Which of the following statements is NOT true? In mammals, the adrenal gland

In vertebrates, the major neurosecretory region is found at the base of the brain and is called the

Ecdysone

What are the target cells of melatonin, and which hormone decreases their activity?

Diapause in insects is

At which stage during hemimetabolous development does ecdysone reach its peak concentration?

A person with dwarfism is found to have normal levels of circulating Growth Hormone (GH) and has fully functioning kidneys capable of producing sufficient levels of insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I, IGF-II). What is one reason why this person could still be a dwarf?

The endocrine cells of the thyroid gland

A person consuming a diet devoid of unsaturated fatty acids would be deficient in which class of hormones?

In some reptiles, what becomes a functioning eye?

Which statement best describes the way in which a hormonal system functions?

Polypeptide growth factors

In teleost fish, neural control of the anterior pituitary is

Endocrine hormone secreting cells are derived mostly from tissues in the

Nature of Molecules

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Plant Hormones and Growth Responses

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