Exam 7: Cells, Tissues and Signals

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In mammals, the hormone epinephrine activates an intracellular signalling pathway that leads to the breakdown of glycogen in the liver. The binding of epinephrine to a G-protein linked receptor on the surface of liver cells activates a succession of relay molecules including the adenyl cyclase, cAMP and protein kinase A, The final protein to be activated is the enzyme glycogen phosphorylase, which catalyses the breakdown of glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate. In this signalling pathway, the second messenger is

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D

Which of the following statements about cell responses to signals is INCORRECT?

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B

Which statement in relation to the binding of insulin to an insulin receptor is CORRECT?

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A

A type of sensory organ found in many invertebrates consists of a spherical, fluid filled chamber that contains grains of sand or other dense granules. The cells lining the chamber are mechanoreceptors with sensitive cilia that project into the lumen. The granules settle at the low point within the chamber, deforming the cilia underneath and stimulating the cells directly below them. In this sensory organ, the responses of multiple mechanoreceptors are combined to enable the detection of

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Desmosomes are one type of intercellular connection found between the epithelial cells lining the lumen of the intestine of mammals. They function to

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Mammals have cold-sensitive nerve cells, which respond to decreasing temperature and warm-sensitive nerve cells, which respond to increasing temperature. Detection of an increase in temperature leads to

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Plasmodesmata

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In a physiology experiment, a zoologist observes that one connective tissue (A) has much greater tolerance for repeated bending than another (B). The most likely explanation for this difference is that the

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Occluding junctions are found between the epithelial cells lining the lumen of the intestine of mammals. They function to

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Why is nitrous oxide (NO) an exception among other water-soluble chemical signals?

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Connective tissues are composed of

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Glycosaminoglycans

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Lipid-soluble ligand-receptor complexes trigger a cellular response by

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Which of the following statements about G proteins is INCORRECT?

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Secondary plant cell walls are strengthened by

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If a signalling molecule (ligand) triggers an effect (protein phosphorylation) via a second messenger system, which will produce the greatest change in the magnitude of the effect in a target cell?

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To assist them to locate food, the bills of platypus have a class of sensory receptor previously thought to have occurred only in fish. This receptor is sensitive to

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Some chemical signal molecules are excluded from entering the cell whereas others are able to enter. Based on your knowledge of the structure of cell membranes, which of the following signal molecules would be able to pass through the cell membrane?

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Cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae use chemical signalling to identify individuals of the opposite mating type and initiate the mating process. Each cell secretes a mating factor that binds to receptor proteins on the other cell. You would expect successful mating to occur between cells with

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Hemidesmosomes are

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