Question 1

Sclerenchyma

Accepted Answer

A)  is the supporting tissue that provides strength. 
B)  contains secondary cell walls which are impregnated with lignin. 
C)  is composed of long tubular cells arranged in longitudinal bundles. 
D)  is composed of irregularly shaped cells, sclereids, which play a role in plant protection. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  is the supporting tissue that provides strength. 
B)  contains secondary cell walls which are impregnated with lignin. 
C)  is composed of long tubular cells arranged in longitudinal bundles. 
D)  is composed of irregularly shaped cells, sclereids, which play a role in plant protection. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 2

The edible part of a potato plant, the tuber, is a

Accepted Answer

A)  corm. 
B)  modified secondary meristem. 
C)  specialised underground stem. 
D)  swollen root hair. 
E)  storage root. 
A)  corm. 
B)  modified secondary meristem. 
C)  specialised underground stem. 
D)  swollen root hair. 
E)  storage root.

Question 3

Which of the following cells are dead at functional maturity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cork cells 
B)  Vessel elements 
C)  Sclerenchyma cells 
D)  Cork cells and vessel elements 
E)  Cork cells, vessel elements and sclerenchyma cells 
A)  Cork cells 
B)  Vessel elements 
C)  Sclerenchyma cells 
D)  Cork cells and vessel elements 
E)  Cork cells, vessel elements and sclerenchyma cells

Question 4

Monocotlyedons and dicotlyedons differ in structure. Differences include

Accepted Answer

A)  leaves of monocotyledons have parallel veins. 
B)  scattered vascular bundles in monocotyledons. 
C)  absence of secondary growth in monocotyledons. 
D)  absence of primary roots in monocotyledons. 
E)  absence of adventitious roots in dicotyledons. 
A)  leaves of monocotyledons have parallel veins. 
B)  scattered vascular bundles in monocotyledons. 
C)  absence of secondary growth in monocotyledons. 
D)  absence of primary roots in monocotyledons. 
E)  absence of adventitious roots in dicotyledons.

Question 5

Different plant tissues often have specific functions. If the roles of one tissue include being a physical barrier to pathogens, water loss prevention and protection from harmful sun's rays, what tissue would this be?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mucilage 
B)  Bundle sheath 
C)  Cell membrane 
D)  Cell wall 
E)  Cuticle 
A)  Mucilage 
B)  Bundle sheath 
C)  Cell membrane 
D)  Cell wall 
E)  Cuticle

Question 6

If bark is present it consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  all of the tissue outside the vascular cambium in a tree trunk. 
B)  only primary tissue (e.g. epidermis, cortex and/or phloem) in young stems. 
C)  secondary phloem, cork cambium and cork in old stems. 
D)  phelloderm and cork cambrium. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  all of the tissue outside the vascular cambium in a tree trunk. 
B)  only primary tissue (e.g. epidermis, cortex and/or phloem) in young stems. 
C)  secondary phloem, cork cambium and cork in old stems. 
D)  phelloderm and cork cambrium. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 7

In plants, lateral roots arise from the

Accepted Answer

A)  pericycle. 
B)  endodermis. 
C)  cortex. 
D)  epidermis. 
E)  primary phloem. 
A)  pericycle. 
B)  endodermis. 
C)  cortex. 
D)  epidermis. 
E)  primary phloem.

Question 8

Aquatic, especially submerged, plants

Accepted Answer

A)  have simple roots. 
B)  are highly vascularised. 
C)  do not need cortical aerenchyma. 
D)  contain large palisade cells which store water. 
E)  transpire heavily. 
A)  have simple roots. 
B)  are highly vascularised. 
C)  do not need cortical aerenchyma. 
D)  contain large palisade cells which store water. 
E)  transpire heavily.

Question 9

An ectomycorrhizal association is most likely to be established between

Accepted Answer

A)  a legume and a bacterium. 
B)  a zygomycete and a grass. 
C)  Rhizobium and coralloid roots. 
D)  Rhizobium and proteoid roots. 
E)  proteoid roots and bacteria. 
A)  a legume and a bacterium. 
B)  a zygomycete and a grass. 
C)  Rhizobium and coralloid roots. 
D)  Rhizobium and proteoid roots. 
E)  proteoid roots and bacteria.

Question 10

The heartwood of a tree consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  functional xylem. 
B)  collenchyma. 
C)  non-functional xylem. 
D)  phloem. 
E)  non-functional phloem. 
A)  functional xylem. 
B)  collenchyma. 
C)  non-functional xylem. 
D)  phloem. 
E)  non-functional phloem.

Question 11

In woody dicots root hairs are most abundant on that part of the root where

Accepted Answer

A)  primary growth cells are differentiating. 
B)  the vascular cambium is active. 
C)  lateral roots are developing. 
D)  cell division and elongation are occurring. 
E)  the meristematic zone where rapid cell growth occurs. 
A)  primary growth cells are differentiating. 
B)  the vascular cambium is active. 
C)  lateral roots are developing. 
D)  cell division and elongation are occurring. 
E)  the meristematic zone where rapid cell growth occurs.

Question 12

Dorsiventral leaves

Accepted Answer

A)  are internally and externally similar on both sides. 
B)  tend to hang vertically. 
C)  are arranged to enhance illumination on one side. 
D)  maintain an orientation for equal illumination on both sides of the leaf. 
E)  are modified to enhance illumination on both sides. 
A)  are internally and externally similar on both sides. 
B)  tend to hang vertically. 
C)  are arranged to enhance illumination on one side. 
D)  maintain an orientation for equal illumination on both sides of the leaf. 
E)  are modified to enhance illumination on both sides.

Question 13

Ground tissue of the plant includes

Accepted Answer

A)  parenchyma. 
B)  collenchyma. 
C)  sclerenchyma. 
D)  chlorenchyma. 
E)  All of the answers are part of plant ground tissue. 
A)  parenchyma. 
B)  collenchyma. 
C)  sclerenchyma. 
D)  chlorenchyma. 
E)  All of the answers are part of plant ground tissue.

Question 14

There are three major zones of development in plant roots. Starting behind the root cap these are the

Accepted Answer

A)  zone of cell differentiation, pericycle and elongation zone. 
B)  meristematic zone, elongation zone and zone of cell differentiation. 
C)  elongation zone, meristematic zone and cortex. 
D)  meristematic zone, pericycle and elongation zone. 
E)  meristematic zone, zone of cell differentiation, elongation zone. 
A)  zone of cell differentiation, pericycle and elongation zone. 
B)  meristematic zone, elongation zone and zone of cell differentiation. 
C)  elongation zone, meristematic zone and cortex. 
D)  meristematic zone, pericycle and elongation zone. 
E)  meristematic zone, zone of cell differentiation, elongation zone.

Question 15

How are leaves typically arranged and what mathematical relationship describes this pattern?

Accepted Answer

A)  In an ordered and regular pattern, described by a Romelli sequence 
B)  All the options listed here are incorrect 
C)  In a random, sporadic pattern, described by a Fibonacci sequence 
D)  In an ordered and regular pattern, described by a Marconi sequence 
E)  In a random, sporadic pattern, described by a Spirello sequence 
A)  In an ordered and regular pattern, described by a Romelli sequence 
B)  All the options listed here are incorrect 
C)  In a random, sporadic pattern, described by a Fibonacci sequence 
D)  In an ordered and regular pattern, described by a Marconi sequence 
E)  In a random, sporadic pattern, described by a Spirello sequence

Question 16

Adventitious roots

Accepted Answer

A)  are common at the nodes of dicotyledons. 
B)  form at the base of the stems. 
C)  form from the radicle of the embryo. 
D)  arise from the taproot. 
E)  are modified roots assisting clasping in climbing plants. 
A)  are common at the nodes of dicotyledons. 
B)  form at the base of the stems. 
C)  form from the radicle of the embryo. 
D)  arise from the taproot. 
E)  are modified roots assisting clasping in climbing plants.

Question 17

Which of the following statements describes the structural adaptations of leaves in succulent plants, and the type of habitat are they adapted to?

Accepted Answer

A)  Large parenchyma cells with a central vacuole that contains dissolved substances and water. This is an adaptation to a dry or arid environment. 
B)  Large parenchyma cells with a central vacuole that contains dissolved substances and water. This is an adaptation to a cold, sub-alpine environment. 
C)  Hard, needle-like leaves with thick cuticle and sunken stomata. This is an adaptation to a boreal environment. 
D)  Large, wide, thin leaves with low palisade mesophyll content. This is an adaptation to a cool, shaded environment. 
E)  Hard, wide, thick leaves with an extensive epidermis and low chlorophyll count. This is an adaptation to a sclerophyllous environment. 
A)  Large parenchyma cells with a central vacuole that contains dissolved substances and water. This is an adaptation to a dry or arid environment. 
B)  Large parenchyma cells with a central vacuole that contains dissolved substances and water. This is an adaptation to a cold, sub-alpine environment. 
C)  Hard, needle-like leaves with thick cuticle and sunken stomata. This is an adaptation to a boreal environment. 
D)  Large, wide, thin leaves with low palisade mesophyll content. This is an adaptation to a cool, shaded environment. 
E)  Hard, wide, thick leaves with an extensive epidermis and low chlorophyll count. This is an adaptation to a sclerophyllous environment.

Question 18

Guard cells in a leaf

Accepted Answer

A)  are a protection against herbivores. 
B)  control the exchange of gases and loss of water. 
C)  are epidermal cells without chloroplasts. 
D)  are connected directly to the vascular system. 
E)  secrete oil in eucalypts. 
A)  are a protection against herbivores. 
B)  control the exchange of gases and loss of water. 
C)  are epidermal cells without chloroplasts. 
D)  are connected directly to the vascular system. 
E)  secrete oil in eucalypts.

Question 19

What does the vascular tissue of leaves arise from?

Accepted Answer

A)  Branching of the stem vascular system 
B)  Shoot apical meristem 
C)  Vascular cambium 
D)  Epicormic buds 
E)  Budding originating from petioles 
A)  Branching of the stem vascular system 
B)  Shoot apical meristem 
C)  Vascular cambium 
D)  Epicormic buds 
E)  Budding originating from petioles

Question 20

In roots

Accepted Answer

A)  the Casparian strip allows the back flow of water into the root cortex. 
B)  the endodermis prevents the loss of sucrose from the phloem. 
C)  ions move by diffusion through the living cells of the stele. 
D)  water and ions moving through root tissue cannot switch between the apoplastic and symplastic pathways. 
E)  the apoplastic pathway ensures the physiological control of water uptake by plants. 
A)  the Casparian strip allows the back flow of water into the root cortex. 
B)  the endodermis prevents the loss of sucrose from the phloem. 
C)  ions move by diffusion through the living cells of the stele. 
D)  water and ions moving through root tissue cannot switch between the apoplastic and symplastic pathways. 
E)  the apoplastic pathway ensures the physiological control of water uptake by plants.

Exam 17: Structure of Plants

Sclerenchyma

The edible part of a potato plant, the tuber, is a

Which of the following cells are dead at functional maturity?

Monocotlyedons and dicotlyedons differ in structure. Differences include

Different plant tissues often have specific functions. If the roles of one tissue include being a physical barrier to pathogens, water loss prevention and protection from harmful sun's rays, what tissue would this be?

If bark is present it consists of

In plants, lateral roots arise from the

Aquatic, especially submerged, plants

An ectomycorrhizal association is most likely to be established between

The heartwood of a tree consists of

In woody dicots root hairs are most abundant on that part of the root where

Dorsiventral leaves

Ground tissue of the plant includes

There are three major zones of development in plant roots. Starting behind the root cap these are the

How are leaves typically arranged and what mathematical relationship describes this pattern?

Adventitious roots

Which of the following statements describes the structural adaptations of leaves in succulent plants, and the type of habitat are they adapted to?

Guard cells in a leaf

What does the vascular tissue of leaves arise from?

In roots

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