Question 1

Cells in the apical meristems of the roots of vascular plants divide by mitosis to produce

Accepted Answer

A)  vascular tissue. 
B)  dermal tissue. 
C)  ground tissue. 
D)  vascular tissue and dermal tissue. 
E)  vascular tissue, dermal tissue and ground tissue. 
A)  vascular tissue. 
B)  dermal tissue. 
C)  ground tissue. 
D)  vascular tissue and dermal tissue. 
E)  vascular tissue, dermal tissue and ground tissue.

Question 2

The three major tissue systems of vascular plants are

Accepted Answer

A)  dermal, ground and meristem. 
B)  meristem, xylem and phloem. 
C)  dermal, vascular and ground. 
D)  meristem, ground and vascular. 
E)  dermal, phloem, xylem. 
A)  dermal, ground and meristem. 
B)  meristem, xylem and phloem. 
C)  dermal, vascular and ground. 
D)  meristem, ground and vascular. 
E)  dermal, phloem, xylem.

Question 3

Which of the following responses is mediated by intermediate proteins and second messengers?

Accepted Answer

A)  An electrical signal is generated when a mechanoreceptor is distorted by water movement. 
B)  The rate of synthesis of a particular protein is increased when a hormone/receptor complex binds to a specific region of DNA. 
C)  Ion channels on the plasma membrane of a photoreceptor are closed after the absorption of a photon of light. 
D)  Water soluble ligands interact with receptors to open an ion channel and cause membrane depolarisation. 
E)  All of the answers are correct. 
A)  An electrical signal is generated when a mechanoreceptor is distorted by water movement. 
B)  The rate of synthesis of a particular protein is increased when a hormone/receptor complex binds to a specific region of DNA. 
C)  Ion channels on the plasma membrane of a photoreceptor are closed after the absorption of a photon of light. 
D)  Water soluble ligands interact with receptors to open an ion channel and cause membrane depolarisation. 
E)  All of the answers are correct.

Question 4

A PhD student has been given a tissue sample that looks like gut epithelium. How might the student go about gathering further evidence to support this experimentally?

Accepted Answer

A)  Test the DNA of the tissue for molecular markers that correspond to epithelium 
B)  Measure the cytoplasmic content of the tissue, the concentration of which proportional to the tissue volume is indicative of cell type 
C)  Determine if the tissue is absorptive and secretes enzymes 
D)  Extract total protein and run on a 2-D gel matrix 
E)  All options listed here are correct 
A)  Test the DNA of the tissue for molecular markers that correspond to epithelium 
B)  Measure the cytoplasmic content of the tissue, the concentration of which proportional to the tissue volume is indicative of cell type 
C)  Determine if the tissue is absorptive and secretes enzymes 
D)  Extract total protein and run on a 2-D gel matrix 
E)  All options listed here are correct

Question 5

Which tissue system of vascular plants is analogous to epithelial tissue in animals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ground tissue. 
B)  Dermal tissue. 
C)  Vascular tissue. 
D)  Cuticle. 
E)  None of the tissue systems of vascular plants is analogous to epithelial tissue. 
A)  Ground tissue. 
B)  Dermal tissue. 
C)  Vascular tissue. 
D)  Cuticle. 
E)  None of the tissue systems of vascular plants is analogous to epithelial tissue.

Question 6

Adenyl cyclase is a (n)

Accepted Answer

A)  cell surface receptor. 
B)  G-protein. 
C)  membrane-bound enzyme. 
D)  second messenger. 
E)  inactive form of cyclic AMP. 
A)  cell surface receptor. 
B)  G-protein. 
C)  membrane-bound enzyme. 
D)  second messenger. 
E)  inactive form of cyclic AMP.

Question 7

After observation under the microscope, an animal tissue was described as being composed of stratified, squamous epithelial cells. The tissue was a

Accepted Answer

A)  multiple layer of cube-shaped cells. 
B)  single layer of elongated cells. 
C)  single layer of flattened cells. 
D)  multiple layer of flattened cells. 
E)  single layer of cube-shaped cells. 
A)  multiple layer of cube-shaped cells. 
B)  single layer of elongated cells. 
C)  single layer of flattened cells. 
D)  multiple layer of flattened cells. 
E)  single layer of cube-shaped cells.

Question 8

Mechanoreceptors respond to physical stimuli including

Accepted Answer

A)  stretch and motion. 
B)  touch and membrane depolarisation. 
C)  gravity and magnetic fields. 
D)  sound and light. 
E)  mechanical distortion and electrical fields. 
A)  stretch and motion. 
B)  touch and membrane depolarisation. 
C)  gravity and magnetic fields. 
D)  sound and light. 
E)  mechanical distortion and electrical fields.

Question 9

Unlike animal organs, the organs of vascular plants are

Accepted Answer

A)  surrounded by an epidermis of closely packed cells covered by a water-insoluble cuticle. 
B)  each composed of a single tissue system. 
C)  composed of the same number of tissues but with different arrangements. 
D)  composed of variable numbers and arrangements of tissues. 
E)  not composed of tissues. 
A)  surrounded by an epidermis of closely packed cells covered by a water-insoluble cuticle. 
B)  each composed of a single tissue system. 
C)  composed of the same number of tissues but with different arrangements. 
D)  composed of variable numbers and arrangements of tissues. 
E)  not composed of tissues.

Question 10

Gene expression is one response that can result from the binding of a ligand to a cell receptor. How might the reception of such a signal travel from the receptor to produce such a cellular response?

Accepted Answer

A)  By direct interaction of the cell receptor with the target DNA 
B)  The receptor produces a transcript that travels to the nucles 
C)  It is not known how signals travel from receptors to induce gene expression 
D)  Via a cascade of molecular events 
E)  Via electron excitation transfer 
A)  By direct interaction of the cell receptor with the target DNA 
B)  The receptor produces a transcript that travels to the nucles 
C)  It is not known how signals travel from receptors to induce gene expression 
D)  Via a cascade of molecular events 
E)  Via electron excitation transfer

Question 11

Communicating junctions are protein channels that

Accepted Answer

A)  allow ions to cross freely between cells. 
B)  actively transport ions from one cell to the next. 
C)  prevent free-movement of molecules in the space between adjacent cells. 
D)  provide pathways of high electrical resistance. 
E)  use integrins to span the plasma membrane and link to a similar unit in an adjacent cell. 
A)  allow ions to cross freely between cells. 
B)  actively transport ions from one cell to the next. 
C)  prevent free-movement of molecules in the space between adjacent cells. 
D)  provide pathways of high electrical resistance. 
E)  use integrins to span the plasma membrane and link to a similar unit in an adjacent cell.

Question 12

The mechanism by which animals sense magnetic fields is

Accepted Answer

A)  unknown. 
B)  magnetite. 
C)  Fe-oxide. 
D)  Fe3O4. 
E)  light responsive cryptochromes. 
A)  unknown. 
B)  magnetite. 
C)  Fe-oxide. 
D)  Fe3O4. 
E)  light responsive cryptochromes.

Question 13

In plant cells, where would you find the middle lamella?

Accepted Answer

A)  Surrounding the endodermis 
B)  All options listed here are incorrect 
C)  Secreted in the rhizosphere 
D)  As a protective layer around developing fruits and seeds 
E)  As a thick layer laid down either side of thin cell wall sheets of adjacent cells 
A)  Surrounding the endodermis 
B)  All options listed here are incorrect 
C)  Secreted in the rhizosphere 
D)  As a protective layer around developing fruits and seeds 
E)  As a thick layer laid down either side of thin cell wall sheets of adjacent cells

Question 14

A particular tissue is observed under the microscope and found to consist of bundles of cylindrical cells of variable length and diameter. The cells have a striated appearance and individual cells contain multiple peripheral nuclei. There is no extracellular matrix. This tissue is most likely to be

Accepted Answer

A)  smooth muscle tissue. 
B)  cardiac muscle tissue. 
C)  skeletal muscle tissue. 
D)  fibrous connective tissue. 
E)  stratified epithelial tissue. 
A)  smooth muscle tissue. 
B)  cardiac muscle tissue. 
C)  skeletal muscle tissue. 
D)  fibrous connective tissue. 
E)  stratified epithelial tissue.

Question 15

What is the name given to epithelial tissue that forms the lining of some internal structures, such as blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

A)  Endothelia 
B)  Apothelia 
C)  Exothelia 
D)  Ectothelia 
E)  Enterothelia 
A)  Endothelia 
B)  Apothelia 
C)  Exothelia 
D)  Ectothelia 
E)  Enterothelia

Question 16

The nervous systems of lobsters include giant axons, which are connected so that electrical signals spread directly from one cell to the next without delay, and with no loss of signal strength. The intercellular connections between giant axons are

Accepted Answer

A)  tight junctions. 
B)  gap junctions. 
C)  desmosomes. 
D)  adherens junctions. 
E)  cadherins. 
A)  tight junctions. 
B)  gap junctions. 
C)  desmosomes. 
D)  adherens junctions. 
E)  cadherins.

Question 17

A scientist is designing a new drug that will mimic a particular signal molecule and reduce its activity. It is therefore necessary to produce a molecule that will

Accepted Answer

A)  bind specifically to the receptor molecule, induce a change in shape of the molecule which will ultimately prevent a cellular response. 
B)  bind specifically to adenylyl cyclase to activate protein kinase A and stimulate the cellular response. 
C)  bind to the membrane bilayer and cause membrane depolarisation to prevent the response. 
D)  bind to the membrane receptor and open a ligand-gated channel. 
E)  bind to phospholipase C and activate the G-protein to prevent a cellular response. 
A)  bind specifically to the receptor molecule, induce a change in shape of the molecule which will ultimately prevent a cellular response. 
B)  bind specifically to adenylyl cyclase to activate protein kinase A and stimulate the cellular response. 
C)  bind to the membrane bilayer and cause membrane depolarisation to prevent the response. 
D)  bind to the membrane receptor and open a ligand-gated channel. 
E)  bind to phospholipase C and activate the G-protein to prevent a cellular response.

Question 18

Cell adhesion molecules

Accepted Answer

A)  are ligands, located on the surface of cells or bound to the extracellular matrix. 
B)  bind to a specific sequence in DNA to induce gene expression. 
C)  are membrane-bound signal molecules on the surface of a cell. 
D)  are produced by a cell in response to a direct interaction between membrane-bound receptors and surface ligands on other cells or the extracellular matrix. 
E)  bind to ligands on the surfaces of other cells or components of the extracellular matrix. 
A)  are ligands, located on the surface of cells or bound to the extracellular matrix. 
B)  bind to a specific sequence in DNA to induce gene expression. 
C)  are membrane-bound signal molecules on the surface of a cell. 
D)  are produced by a cell in response to a direct interaction between membrane-bound receptors and surface ligands on other cells or the extracellular matrix. 
E)  bind to ligands on the surfaces of other cells or components of the extracellular matrix.

Question 19

Biochemical analysis of a particular tissue shows high levels of the protein collagen. This tissue must be

Accepted Answer

A)  nervous tissue. 
B)  connective tissue. 
C)  cartilage. 
D)  epithelial tissue. 
E)  muscle tissue. 
A)  nervous tissue. 
B)  connective tissue. 
C)  cartilage. 
D)  epithelial tissue. 
E)  muscle tissue.

Question 20

Neurons are highly specialised cells that are assisted in normal functioning by

Accepted Answer

A)  glial cells. 
B)  dendritic cells. 
C)  myelin cells. 
D)  companion cells. 
E)  the extracellular matrix. 
A)  glial cells. 
B)  dendritic cells. 
C)  myelin cells. 
D)  companion cells. 
E)  the extracellular matrix.

Exam 7: Cells, Tissues and Signals

Cells in the apical meristems of the roots of vascular plants divide by mitosis to produce

The three major tissue systems of vascular plants are

Which of the following responses is mediated by intermediate proteins and second messengers?

A PhD student has been given a tissue sample that looks like gut epithelium. How might the student go about gathering further evidence to support this experimentally?

Which tissue system of vascular plants is analogous to epithelial tissue in animals?

Adenyl cyclase is a (n)

After observation under the microscope, an animal tissue was described as being composed of stratified, squamous epithelial cells. The tissue was a

Mechanoreceptors respond to physical stimuli including

Unlike animal organs, the organs of vascular plants are

Gene expression is one response that can result from the binding of a ligand to a cell receptor. How might the reception of such a signal travel from the receptor to produce such a cellular response?

Communicating junctions are protein channels that

The mechanism by which animals sense magnetic fields is

In plant cells, where would you find the middle lamella?

A particular tissue is observed under the microscope and found to consist of bundles of cylindrical cells of variable length and diameter. The cells have a striated appearance and individual cells contain multiple peripheral nuclei. There is no extracellular matrix. This tissue is most likely to be

What is the name given to epithelial tissue that forms the lining of some internal structures, such as blood vessels?

The nervous systems of lobsters include giant axons, which are connected so that electrical signals spread directly from one cell to the next without delay, and with no loss of signal strength. The intercellular connections between giant axons are

A scientist is designing a new drug that will mimic a particular signal molecule and reduce its activity. It is therefore necessary to produce a molecule that will

Cell adhesion molecules

Biochemical analysis of a particular tissue shows high levels of the protein collagen. This tissue must be

Neurons are highly specialised cells that are assisted in normal functioning by

Nature of Molecules

Biomolecules

The Chemistry of Life

Functioning Cells

Movement Across Membranes

Harvesting Energy

Cell Division

Inheritance

Genes, Chromosomes and Dna

The Genetic Code

Gene Expression

Genomes, Mutation and Cancer

Viruses

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology

Reproduction, Growth and Development of Flowering Plants

Structure of Plants

Plant Nutrition, Transport and Adaptation to Stress

Plant Hormones and Growth Responses

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Homeostasis: Water, Solutes and Excretion

Gas Exchange in Animals

Circulation

Metabolism, Temperature Regulation and Environmental Stress

Animal and Human Nutrition

Innate Defences and the Immune System

Hormonal Control in Animals

Nervous Systems

Animal Movement

Animal Behaviour

Evolving Life

Evolving Earth

Mechanisms of Evolution

Bacteria

The Protists

Plants

Fungi

Simple Animals: Sponges to Flatworms

Annelids, Molluscs, Nematodes and Arthropods

Echinoderms and Chordates

Australian Biota

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