Exam 8: Layer 1 Networking Protocols

The C-bit parity frame structure differs from the M13 frame format, primarily in Blocks 3, 5, and 7.

The stratum clock hierarchy defines how ________ the timing source is.

The digital signal standard used in North America to define the bit-per-second rate is the North American Digital ________.

In the SONET hierarchy, the Term VT:

The T1 circuit is able to carry ________ Mbps.

In bidirectional line switched ring, protection switching occurs at the ________ level of the network.

In the DS-13 M13 frame format, the overhead bits used for messages are the:

Although it is unlikely that the DS-2 signal will emerge as a popular transmission method, it will always be found embedded in the ________ signal.

The DS-2 circuit uses a(n) ________-interleaved structure when multiplexing ones and zeros.

Part 15 of the FCC's Rules and Regulations docket states that no more than ________ consecutive zeros can be transmitted in a row so that the terminating equipment doesn't become confused.

The highest clock level provided by GPS is stratum:

How many 64 kbps can travel on one DS-1 circuit?

The T1 circuit standard is built around a(n) ________-interleaved format.

________ bit signaling occurs when the least significant bit is used to form a pattern that represents on-hook, off-hook, ringing, no ringing, busy, and so forth.

Framing bits that are used for signaling are called:

The seven interfaces commonly used in the SONET hierarchy are VT-1.5, VT-6, OC-1, OC-3, OC-12, OC-48, and ________.

In the DS-2 frame format, M bits are used to align the ________.

Framing bits that synchronize the equipment are also called synchronization flags, or:

As defined by the North American Digital Hierarchy, the DS-0 channel has a rate of ________ kbps and is equivalent to one channel of information.

The purpose of the SONET hierarchy is to simplify the way lower rate signals are multiplexed into higher rate signals.