Exam 7: Introducing a Difference: Independent Variables

Independent variables are key parts of impact and judgment studies. In what way(s) do impact studies and judgment studies differ from one another?

Are participants aware of what factors affect or influence their behavior? Rely on insights from research by Nisbett and Wilson (1977) to answer this question.

An independent variable:

Langer (1975) found that people were willing to request a higher resale value for a lottery card they selected themselves (over $8) than one they were given by others (less than $2). Langer termed the phenomenon driving people's perceptions the:

Discuss several ways an experimenter can try to increase the impact of an independent variable that does not (initially anyway) lead to the expected change in behavior.