Exam 1: Concepts, Variables, and Measurement

------------- refers to the degree to which a measure yields consistent results.

Discuss two factors that must be considered when operationalizing a variable.

Attributes are -------------- when the categories do not overlap.

A logical set of characteristics for a variable is referred to as:

Which type of chart is used to represent interval/ratio data?

The process of defining what we mean by a concept is called ----------.

The process of developing a variable that measures a concept is called -------------.

The U.S. Census is an example of----------- data.

Identify the independent and the dependent variable, as well as the unit of analysis, in the following hypothesis: Urban residents are more likely than rural residents to be overweight. Dependent variable: Independent variable: Unit of analysis:

Race is measured at the --------------- level of measurement.

Pie charts are common ways of presenting data for:

The General Social Survey is an example of ----------- data.

Suppose a researcher finds an association between age and home ownership. Three conditions must be satisfied in order to argue a causal connection. Name and discuss two of these three conditions.

A(n)-------------- is defined as anything that may vary from one case to the next.

Ordinal variables have attributes based on relative numeric values.

Bar charts are common ways of presenting data for:

The categories used in the 2006 General Social Survey for the variable Class include the following: lower, working, middle, and upper class. Identify the level of measurement for this variable.

Identify the dependent variable in the following hypothesis: If age increases then income increases.

Age at first marriage is measured at the --------------- level of measurement.

Histograms are used to display data for nominal variables.