Question 1

Extracellular fluid is most similar in chemical composition to

Accepted Answer

A) fresh water. 
B) seawater. 
C) alcoholic beverages. 
D) caffeinated energy drinks. 
A) fresh water. 
B) seawater. 
C) alcoholic beverages. 
D) caffeinated energy drinks.

Question 2

A neuron typically reaches threshold for an action potential when it is depolarized by at least _________mV.

Accepted Answer

A) 1-2 
B)  2-5​ 
C) 5-10 
D) 10-12 
A) 1-2 
B)  2-5​ 
C) 5-10 
D) 10-12

Question 3

Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs)generally result when _________ channels are opened.

Accepted Answer

A) postsynaptic calcium 
B)  postsynaptic sodium​ 
C) presynaptic potassium or chloride 
D) postsynaptic potassium or chloride 
A) postsynaptic calcium 
B)  postsynaptic sodium​ 
C) presynaptic potassium or chloride 
D) postsynaptic potassium or chloride

Question 4

As much as 20 to 40 percent of the energy required by the brain is used by

Accepted Answer

A) sodium-potassium pumps. 
B) calcium pumps. 
C) anterograde transport within neurons. 
D) retrograde transport within neurons. 
A) sodium-potassium pumps. 
B) calcium pumps. 
C) anterograde transport within neurons. 
D) retrograde transport within neurons.

Question 5

Myelinated axons in human beings conduct action potentials about _________ unmyelinated axons in invertebrates do.

Accepted Answer

A) as fast as 
B)  half as fast as​ 
C) six times faster than 
D) 24 times faster than 
A) as fast as 
B)  half as fast as​ 
C) six times faster than 
D) 24 times faster than

Question 6

What is an axon hillock,and why is it important in electrical signaling?

Accepted Answer

The axon hillock is a cone-sha

Question 7

What determines the type of process used to terminate chemical communication at the synapse?

Accepted Answer

A) the type of neurotransmitter involved 
B)  the quantity of neurotransmitter involved​ 
C)  the physical characteristics of the postsynaptic cell, such as being unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar​ 
D)  whether the neurotransmitter molecules interacted with metabotropic or ionotropic receptors​ 
A) the type of neurotransmitter involved 
B)  the quantity of neurotransmitter involved​ 
C)  the physical characteristics of the postsynaptic cell, such as being unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar​ 
D)  whether the neurotransmitter molecules interacted with metabotropic or ionotropic receptors​

Question 8

-The relative refractory period begins approximately _________ msec after the rise of the action potential.

Accepted Answer

A) zero 
B) 1.5 
C) 2 
D) 3.5 
A) zero 
B) 1.5 
C) 2 
D) 3.5

Question 9

Which of the following statements best describes the propagation of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

A) The action potential is reproduced repeatedly down the length of the axon. 
B)  One action potential is formed at the axon hillock, and this same signal travels down the length of the axon.​ 
C)  When the axon hillock reaches threshold, action potentials are simultaneously formed down the length of the axon.​ 
D)  One action potential is formed at the axon hillock, triggering the movement of chemical messengers that travel the length of the axon.​ 
A) The action potential is reproduced repeatedly down the length of the axon. 
B)  One action potential is formed at the axon hillock, and this same signal travels down the length of the axon.​ 
C)  When the axon hillock reaches threshold, action potentials are simultaneously formed down the length of the axon.​ 
D)  One action potential is formed at the axon hillock, triggering the movement of chemical messengers that travel the length of the axon.​

Question 10

Bipolar neurons have _________ leaving the cell body.

Accepted Answer

A) one branch 
B)  one axon and many dendrites​ 
C) two branches 
D) one dendrite and many axons 
A) one branch 
B)  one axon and many dendrites​ 
C) two branches 
D) one dendrite and many axons

Question 11

Ion pumps differ from ion channels in that

Accepted Answer

A) they allow different types of ions to cross the neural membrane. 
B)  pumps respond to ligands and drugs whereas channels respond to the electrical environment in their immediate vicinity.​ 
C)  channels require energy to operate whereas pumps do not.​ 
D)  pumps require energy to function whereas channels do not.​ 
A) they allow different types of ions to cross the neural membrane. 
B)  pumps respond to ligands and drugs whereas channels respond to the electrical environment in their immediate vicinity.​ 
C)  channels require energy to operate whereas pumps do not.​ 
D)  pumps require energy to function whereas channels do not.​

Question 12

After synaptic vesicles release their contents into the synaptic gap,the vesicle membranes

Accepted Answer

A) are broken down by special enzymes. 
B)  are pinched off the axon terminal membrane and formed into new vesicles.​ 
C)  diffuse away from the synaptic gap in the extracellular fluid.​ 
D)  are digested by microglia.​ 
A) are broken down by special enzymes. 
B)  are pinched off the axon terminal membrane and formed into new vesicles.​ 
C)  diffuse away from the synaptic gap in the extracellular fluid.​ 
D)  are digested by microglia.​

Question 13

A structural matrix for neurons is provided by

Accepted Answer

A) astrocytes. 
B) oligodendrocytes. 
C) Schwann cells. 
D) microglia. 
A) astrocytes. 
B) oligodendrocytes. 
C) Schwann cells. 
D) microglia.

Question 14

In the disease multiple sclerosis,axons that were designed to be myelinated lose their myelin.What impact will this have for electrical signaling?

Accepted Answer

In multiple sclerosis (MS), the immune s

Question 15

What role do neurons and astrocytes possibly share?

Accepted Answer

There is growing evidence that

Question 16

The uncovered section axon membrane between two segments of myelin is known as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) axon terminal. 
B)  axon hillock.​ 
C) collateral. 
D) node of Ranvier. 
A) axon terminal. 
B)  axon hillock.​ 
C) collateral. 
D) node of Ranvier.

Question 17

When potassium concentrations in the extracellular fluid are increased,the resting potential

Accepted Answer

A) remains the same. 
B)  is reduced, making signaling less likely.​ 
C)  is reduced, making signaling more likely.​ 
D)  is increased, making signaling more likely.​ 
A) remains the same. 
B)  is reduced, making signaling less likely.​ 
C)  is reduced, making signaling more likely.​ 
D)  is increased, making signaling more likely.​

Question 18

A neural structure that typically carries messages to other neurons is known as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) axon. 
B)  dendrite.​ 
C) spine. 
D) filopodium. 
A) axon. 
B)  dendrite.​ 
C) spine. 
D) filopodium.

Question 19

The neural cell membrane consists of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) outer layer of protein and an inner layer of phospholipid. 
B)  single layer of phospholipids.​ 
C)  double layer of phospholipids.​ 
D)  double layer of protein.​ 
A) outer layer of protein and an inner layer of phospholipid. 
B)  single layer of phospholipids.​ 
C)  double layer of phospholipids.​ 
D)  double layer of protein.​

Question 20

Channels that open when they come in contact with specific chemicals are known as

Accepted Answer

A) sodium-potassium pumps. 
B) ligand-gated channels. 
C) voltage-dependent channels. 
D) phospholipids pumps. 
A) sodium-potassium pumps. 
B) ligand-gated channels. 
C) voltage-dependent channels. 
D) phospholipids pumps.

Extracellular fluid is most similar in chemical composition to

A neuron typically reaches threshold for an action potential when it is depolarized by at least _________mV.

Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs)generally result when _________ channels are opened.

As much as 20 to 40 percent of the energy required by the brain is used by

Myelinated axons in human beings conduct action potentials about _________ unmyelinated axons in invertebrates do.

What is an axon hillock,and why is it important in electrical signaling?

What determines the type of process used to terminate chemical communication at the synapse?

$-The relative refractory period begins approximately _ msec after the rise of the action potential.$ -The relative refractory period begins approximately _ msec after the rise of the action potential.

Which of the following statements best describes the propagation of action potentials?

Bipolar neurons have _________ leaving the cell body.

Ion pumps differ from ion channels in that

After synaptic vesicles release their contents into the synaptic gap,the vesicle membranes

A structural matrix for neurons is provided by

In the disease multiple sclerosis,axons that were designed to be myelinated lose their myelin.What impact will this have for electrical signaling?

What role do neurons and astrocytes possibly share?

The uncovered section axon membrane between two segments of myelin is known as a(n)

When potassium concentrations in the extracellular fluid are increased,the resting potential

A neural structure that typically carries messages to other neurons is known as a(n)

The neural cell membrane consists of a(n)

Channels that open when they come in contact with specific chemicals are known as

What Is Behavioral Neuroscience

Functional Neuroanatomy and the Evolution of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain

Vision

Nonvisual Sensation and Perception

Movement

Homeostasis and Motivation

Sexual Behavior

Sleep and Waking

Learning and Memory

Hemispheric Asymmetry, language, and Intelligence

Emotion, reward, aggression, and Stress

Neuropsychology

Psychopathology

Filters

Exam 3: Neurophysiology: the Structure and Functions of the Cells of the Nervous System

Extracellular fluid is most similar in chemical composition to

A neuron typically reaches threshold for an action potential when it is depolarized by at least _________mV.

Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs)generally result when _________ channels are opened.

As much as 20 to 40 percent of the energy required by the brain is used by

Myelinated axons in human beings conduct action potentials about _________ unmyelinated axons in invertebrates do.

What is an axon hillock,and why is it important in electrical signaling?

What determines the type of process used to terminate chemical communication at the synapse?

-The relative refractory period begins approximately _________ msec after the rise of the action potential.

Which of the following statements best describes the propagation of action potentials?

Bipolar neurons have _________ leaving the cell body.

Ion pumps differ from ion channels in that

After synaptic vesicles release their contents into the synaptic gap,the vesicle membranes

A structural matrix for neurons is provided by

In the disease multiple sclerosis,axons that were designed to be myelinated lose their myelin.What impact will this have for electrical signaling?

What role do neurons and astrocytes possibly share?

The uncovered section axon membrane between two segments of myelin is known as a(n)

When potassium concentrations in the extracellular fluid are increased,the resting potential

A neural structure that typically carries messages to other neurons is known as a(n)

The neural cell membrane consists of a(n)

Channels that open when they come in contact with specific chemicals are known as

What Is Behavioral Neuroscience

Functional Neuroanatomy and the Evolution of the Nervous System

Psychopharmacology

Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain

Vision

Nonvisual Sensation and Perception

Movement

Homeostasis and Motivation

Sexual Behavior

Sleep and Waking

Learning and Memory

Hemispheric Asymmetry, language, and Intelligence

Emotion, reward, aggression, and Stress

Neuropsychology

Psychopathology

Filters

$-The relative refractory period begins approximately _ msec after the rise of the action potential.$ -The relative refractory period begins approximately _ msec after the rise of the action potential.