Chat with AIExam 2: Old Worlds, New Worlds
To what extent were the English adventurers and the Spanish conquistadors "brothers under the skin"? In what ways were the roles they played similar, from the point of view of the royal governments of England and Spain?
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Answered by Examlex AI CopilotThe English adventurers and the Spanish conquistadors were "brothers under the skin" to a certain extent in that they both sought to expand their respective empires through exploration and conquest. Both groups were driven by a desire for wealth, power, and glory, and were willing to take significant risks in pursuit of these goals.
From the point of view of the royal governments of England and Spain, the roles played by the adventurers and conquistadors were similar in that they were seen as instrumental in advancing the interests of the crown. Both groups were authorized and supported by their respective monarchs to explore new territories, establish colonies, and exploit the resources and inhabitants of these lands.
The English adventurers, such as Sir Francis Drake and Sir Walter Raleigh, were sanctioned by Queen Elizabeth I to conduct privateering raids and establish colonies in the New World, while the Spanish conquistadors, such as Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro, were granted permission by the Spanish crown to conquer and subjugate the indigenous peoples of the Americas.
In both cases, the adventurers and conquistadors were seen as serving the interests of their royal governments by expanding their influence and control over new territories, and by bringing back valuable resources and wealth to the homeland. Therefore, in the eyes of the royal governments of England and Spain, the roles played by the English adventurers and the Spanish conquistadors were similar in their contribution to the expansion and enrichment of the respective empires.
Compare and contrast Aztec society in the fifteenth century with that of early modern Europe.
(32) Answered by Examlex AI CopilotThe Aztec society in the fifteenth century and early modern Europe were vastly different in many aspects.
Firstly, the Aztec society was a Mesoamerican civilization with a complex social structure that revolved around a powerful emperor and a priestly class that held significant influence. In contrast, early modern Europe was characterized by a feudal system with kings, nobles, and a growing middle class.
Secondly, the economy of the Aztec society was primarily based on agriculture, with the majority of the population working as farmers. Early modern Europe, on the other hand, saw the rise of commerce and trade, leading to the growth of cities and the emergence of a market economy.
In terms of religion, the Aztecs practiced a polytheistic belief system with a pantheon of gods and complex rituals, including human sacrifice. In early modern Europe, the dominant religion was Christianity, with the Catholic Church playing a central role in society and politics.
Furthermore, the Aztec society had a highly developed system of writing and education, with an emphasis on literature and history. Early modern Europe was marked by the Renaissance, which saw a revival of learning, art, and culture, leading to significant advancements in science, philosophy, and the arts.
Overall, while the Aztec society and early modern Europe were both complex and sophisticated in their own right, they differed significantly in terms of social structure, economy, religion, and cultural development.
The Portuguese contributions to the European impact on the Americas included all of the following
EXCEPT
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Which Spanish explorer led the first official expedition to the North American mainland?
(36) England's thrust into North America-an interest renewed nearly a century after Cabot's voyages-can be understood in the context of a direct challenge to Spanish power. This challenge "fused" three elements, including all of the following EXCEPT
(47) What primary factors accounted for the rivalry between England and Spain in the late sixteenth century?
(39) What factor was most essential in encouraging early modern Europeans to undertake voyages of discovery in exploration?
(37) On what island, off the coast of what is now South Carolina, did Jean Ribault and 150 Huguenots established a simple village?
(40) Discuss conditions that encouraged early modern Europeans to undertake voyages of exploration and discovery.
(33) The nation of ________ led the way in exploring beyond Europe's known waters using the caravel, a lighter, more maneuverable ship.
(36) Consider the motives of early English promoters of colonization, like Gilbert and Raleigh. To what extent were such men motivated by idealistic goals? To what extent by economic interests?
(40) Although the Aztec eventually drove Cortés and his conquistadors out of their capital city of Tenochtitlán, it eventually fell to siege primarily because of the
(37) Could the direction of discovery and colonization in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries have been reversed-that is, could the Aztecs have discovered and colonized western Europe? Why or why not?
(34) How did Spain's colonial empire influence the development of western Europe during the sixteenth century?
(37) Characterize the conditions and changes in sixteenth-century Europe that contributed to the Protestant Reformation.
(35) "Adventurers such as Christopher Columbus and John Cabot were only the most visible representatives of a much larger expansion of European peoples and culture that began in the 1450s."
Briefly explain the changes in European society that led to that expansion.
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(35) How did Portuguese exploration prepare the way for the Spanish discovery of North America?
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