Question 1

Which of the following statements concerning pairs of sugars is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone are stereoisomers. 
B) Glucose has fewer chiral centres than fructose. 
C) Galactose and fructose are diastereomers. 
D) Glucose and fructose are epimers. 
A) Glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone are stereoisomers. 
B) Glucose has fewer chiral centres than fructose. 
C) Galactose and fructose are diastereomers. 
D) Glucose and fructose are epimers. A

Question 2

Which of the following sugars has xylulose as an epimer?

Accepted Answer

A) sorbose 
B) ribulose 
C) arabinose 
D) xylose 
A) sorbose 
B) ribulose 
C) arabinose 
D) xylose B

Question 3

Which of the following statements explains why the disaccharide sucrose is a reducing sugar?

Accepted Answer

A) The primary hydroxyl groups are reduced to carboxylic acids. 
B) It is composed of a furanose and a pyranose. 
C) Both anomeric carbons are involved in formation of the glycosidic bond. 
D) The glycosidic bond is in the β configuration. 
A) The primary hydroxyl groups are reduced to carboxylic acids. 
B) It is composed of a furanose and a pyranose. 
C) Both anomeric carbons are involved in formation of the glycosidic bond. 
D) The glycosidic bond is in the β configuration. B

Question 4

Which of the following substances is a mucopolysaccharide that forms protective coats on animal cells?

Accepted Answer

A) chitin 
B) glycogen 
C) glucuronic acids 
D) hyaluronic acids 
A) chitin 
B) glycogen 
C) glucuronic acids 
D) hyaluronic acids

Question 5

Which of the following compounds has a glycosidic bond?

Accepted Answer

A) β-D-galactosamine 
B) methyl-β-D-glucoside 
C) β-D-glucose-6-phosphate 
D) α-D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate 
A) β-D-galactosamine 
B) methyl-β-D-glucoside 
C) β-D-glucose-6-phosphate 
D) α-D-fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

Question 6

Which of the following is a property of cartilage matrix proteoglycan?

Accepted Answer

A) It contains only N-linked oligosaccharides. 
B) It is responsible for the inflexibility of cartilage. 
C) It is has a hyaluronic acid binding domain. 
D) It is an integral transmembrane protein. 
A) It contains only N-linked oligosaccharides. 
B) It is responsible for the inflexibility of cartilage. 
C) It is has a hyaluronic acid binding domain. 
D) It is an integral transmembrane protein.

Question 7

Which of the following sugars is an aldopentose?

Accepted Answer

A) galactose 
B) ribulose 
C) ribose 
D) xylulose 
A) galactose 
B) ribulose 
C) ribose 
D) xylulose

Question 8

Which of the following regarding agarose is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Agarose readily forms gels that are only 50% water. 
B) Agarose forms a double helix with a central core large enough to accommodate large quantities of water. 
C) Agarose consists of only a linear component. 
D) Agarose is a chain of alternating D-glucose and 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose,with side-chains of 6-methyl-D-glucose. 
A) Agarose readily forms gels that are only 50% water. 
B) Agarose forms a double helix with a central core large enough to accommodate large quantities of water. 
C) Agarose consists of only a linear component. 
D) Agarose is a chain of alternating D-glucose and 3,6-anhydro-L-galactose,with side-chains of 6-methyl-D-glucose.

Question 9

Which of the following terms classifies the enzyme cellulase?

Accepted Answer

A) α(1→4)glucosidase 
B) β(1→4)glucosidase 
C) α(1→6)glucosidase 
D) β(1→6)glucosidase 
A) α(1→4)glucosidase 
B) β(1→4)glucosidase 
C) α(1→6)glucosidase 
D) β(1→6)glucosidase

Question 10

Which of the following sugars is the enantiomer of D-mannose?

Accepted Answer

A) L-mannose 
B) D-glucose 
C) D-galactose 
D) L-arabinose 
A) L-mannose 
B) D-glucose 
C) D-galactose 
D) L-arabinose

Question 11

Which of the following are proteoglycans,a group of macromolecules,formed from?

Accepted Answer

A) proteases and monosaccharides 
B) proteases and glycosaminoglycans 
C) proteins and monosaccharides 
D) proteins and glycosaminoglycans 
A) proteases and monosaccharides 
B) proteases and glycosaminoglycans 
C) proteins and monosaccharides 
D) proteins and glycosaminoglycans

Question 12

Which of the following are the predominant components of honey?

Accepted Answer

A) sucrose and mannitol 
B) glucose and ribose 
C) fructose and glucose 
D) sucrose and sorbitol 
A) sucrose and mannitol 
B) glucose and ribose 
C) fructose and glucose 
D) sucrose and sorbitol

Question 13

Which of the following functional groups does an alcohol react with when forming cyclic structures in sugars,resulting in the creation of an additional asymmetric centre?

Accepted Answer

A) a secondary alcohol 
B) a phosphate group 
C) a thiol group 
D) an aldehyde or a ketone 
A) a secondary alcohol 
B) a phosphate group 
C) a thiol group 
D) an aldehyde or a ketone

Question 14

Which of the following alcohols is a constituent of the flavin coenzymes?

Accepted Answer

A) sorbitol 
B) mannitol 
C) xylitol 
D) ribitol 
A) sorbitol 
B) mannitol 
C) xylitol 
D) ribitol

Question 15

Which of the following characteristics is common to both cellulose and a-amylose?

Accepted Answer

A) Both are linear homopolymers of glucose. 
B) Both have (1→4)linkages. 
C) Both form an extended ribbon,the most stable conformation. 
D) Both have extensive intramolecular hydrogen bonding. 
A) Both are linear homopolymers of glucose. 
B) Both have (1→4)linkages. 
C) Both form an extended ribbon,the most stable conformation. 
D) Both have extensive intramolecular hydrogen bonding.

Question 16

Which of the following is part of the honeybee's processing of honey?

Accepted Answer

A) producing a large amount of gluconic acid 
B) reduce the concentration of the sugars to an unsaturated state 
C) producing an emulsion of glucose hydrate and fructose hydrate crystals in a thick syrup 
D) conversion of some glucose and fructose into sucrose 
A) producing a large amount of gluconic acid 
B) reduce the concentration of the sugars to an unsaturated state 
C) producing an emulsion of glucose hydrate and fructose hydrate crystals in a thick syrup 
D) conversion of some glucose and fructose into sucrose

Question 17

Which of the following is a feature of dextrans?

Accepted Answer

A) They are synthesized from fructose. 
B) They are used in research laboratories as a support for ion exchange chromatography. 
C) They are repeating units of maltose. 
D) The branches may be 1→2,1→3,or 1→4 in various species. 
A) They are synthesized from fructose. 
B) They are used in research laboratories as a support for ion exchange chromatography. 
C) They are repeating units of maltose. 
D) The branches may be 1→2,1→3,or 1→4 in various species.

Question 18

Which of the following structures does glucose most commonly form?

Accepted Answer

A) a pyranose using the hydroxyl group on carbon 4 
B) a pyranose using the hydroxyl group on carbon 5 
C) a furanose using the hydroxyl group on carbon 3 
D) a furanose using the hydroxyl group on carbon 4 
A) a pyranose using the hydroxyl group on carbon 4 
B) a pyranose using the hydroxyl group on carbon 5 
C) a furanose using the hydroxyl group on carbon 3 
D) a furanose using the hydroxyl group on carbon 4

Question 19

Which form of D-glucose does NOT exist as a result of mutarotation?

Accepted Answer

A) L-glucopyranose 
B) b-anomer 
C) free aldehyde 
D) a-anomer 
A) L-glucopyranose 
B) b-anomer 
C) free aldehyde 
D) a-anomer

Question 20

Which of the following terms refers to a cyclic hemiacetal with a 6-membered,oxygen-containing ring?

Accepted Answer

A) aldehyde 
B) pyranose 
C) ketopentose 
D) furanose 
A) aldehyde 
B) pyranose 
C) ketopentose 
D) furanose

Exam 7: Carbohydrates and the Glycoconjugates of Cell Surfaces

Which of the following statements concerning pairs of sugars is correct?

Which of the following sugars has xylulose as an epimer?

Which of the following statements explains why the disaccharide sucrose is a reducing sugar?

Which of the following substances is a mucopolysaccharide that forms protective coats on animal cells?

Which of the following compounds has a glycosidic bond?

Which of the following is a property of cartilage matrix proteoglycan?

Which of the following sugars is an aldopentose?

Which of the following regarding agarose is correct?

Which of the following terms classifies the enzyme cellulase?

Which of the following sugars is the enantiomer of D-mannose?

Which of the following are proteoglycans,a group of macromolecules,formed from?

Which of the following are the predominant components of honey?

Which of the following functional groups does an alcohol react with when forming cyclic structures in sugars,resulting in the creation of an additional asymmetric centre?

Which of the following alcohols is a constituent of the flavin coenzymes?

Which of the following characteristics is common to both cellulose and a-amylose?

Which of the following is part of the honeybee's processing of honey?

Which of the following is a feature of dextrans?

Which of the following structures does glucose most commonly form?

Which form of D-glucose does NOT exist as a result of mutarotation?

Which of the following terms refers to a cyclic hemiacetal with a 6-membered,oxygen-containing ring?

The Facts of Life: Chemistry Is the Logic of Biological Phenomena

Water: the Medium of Life

Thermodynamics of Biological Systems

Amino Acids

Proteins: Their Primary Structure and Biological Functions

Proteins: Secondary, tertiary, and Quaternary Structure

Lipids

Lipid Biosynthesis

Membranes and Membrane Transport

The Reception and Transmission of Extracellular Information

Enzymes Kinetics and Specificity

Mechanisms of Enzyme Action

Enzyme Regulation

Molecular Motors

Nutrition and the Organization of Metabolism

Glycolysis

The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Gluconeogenesis, glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Nitrogen Acquisition and Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Structure of Nucleic Acids

Synthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides

Recombinant Dna: Cloning and Creation of Chimeric Genes

DNA Metabolism: Replication, recombination, and Repair

Transcription and the Regulation of Gene Expression

Protein Synthesis

Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression

Completing the Protein Life Cycle: Folding, processing, and Degradation

Metabolic Integration and Organ Specialization

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