Question 1

What is the term for the study of all the proteins expressed by a certain cell or tissue under specific conditions?

Accepted Answer

A) genetics 
B) proteomics 
C) embryogenesis 
D) mutagenesis 
A) genetics 
B) proteomics 
C) embryogenesis 
D) mutagenesis B

Question 2

What is PCR-based mutagenesis used to create?

Accepted Answer

A) specifically altered proteins 
B) generally modified plasmid vectors 
C) mutant bacterial strains 
D) mutant DNA libraries 
A) specifically altered proteins 
B) generally modified plasmid vectors 
C) mutant bacterial strains 
D) mutant DNA libraries A

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT required to perform in vitro cloning to produce a library of eukaryotic genomic DNA?

Accepted Answer

A) DNA ligase 
B) a vector such as a plasmid 
C) restriction endonuclease 
D) mRNA 
A) DNA ligase 
B) a vector such as a plasmid 
C) restriction endonuclease 
D) mRNA D

Question 4

Which of the following is a method used to insert or transform cells with a plasmid?

Accepted Answer

A) add the DNA to bacterial cells that have been lightly treated with lysozyme to produce "holes" in the cell wall 
B) add the DNA to a heated suspension of cells at 42°C 
C) treat the bacteria with Ca²⁺,add the DNA,and briefly heat to 42°C 
D) incubate the DNA with the cells overnight at 4°C 
A) add the DNA to bacterial cells that have been lightly treated with lysozyme to produce "holes" in the cell wall 
B) add the DNA to a heated suspension of cells at 42°C 
C) treat the bacteria with Ca²⁺,add the DNA,and briefly heat to 42°C 
D) incubate the DNA with the cells overnight at 4°C

Question 5

What is the most promising vector for human gene therapy?

Accepted Answer

A) bacteriophage γ 
B) E.coli 
C) human papilloma virus 
D) adenovirus 
A) bacteriophage γ 
B) E.coli 
C) human papilloma virus 
D) adenovirus

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of plasmids?

Accepted Answer

A) They are naturally occurring,circular extrachromosomal DNA. 
B) They are able to perpetuate themselves without a host organism. 
C) Artificial plasmids can be constructed by restriction endonuclease digestion,insertion,and ligation. 
D) An origin of replication must be included in the plasmid to facilitate propagation. 
A) They are naturally occurring,circular extrachromosomal DNA. 
B) They are able to perpetuate themselves without a host organism. 
C) Artificial plasmids can be constructed by restriction endonuclease digestion,insertion,and ligation. 
D) An origin of replication must be included in the plasmid to facilitate propagation.

Question 7

Which of the following is the best procedure in order to position a gene in an expression vector downstream from a promoter (i.e.,perform directional cloning)?

Accepted Answer

A) Use a vector with 2 sites for the same restriction endonuclease. 
B) Treat the gene with DNase I. 
C) Restrict both the gene and the plasmid with 1 restriction endonuclease,and then screen all colonies for those that express the gene. 
D) Restrict each end of the DNA fragment (gene)with a different restriction endonuclease,and do likewise for the plasmid. 
A) Use a vector with 2 sites for the same restriction endonuclease. 
B) Treat the gene with DNase I. 
C) Restrict both the gene and the plasmid with 1 restriction endonuclease,and then screen all colonies for those that express the gene. 
D) Restrict each end of the DNA fragment (gene)with a different restriction endonuclease,and do likewise for the plasmid.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a step in the sequence for construction of a chimeric plasmid?

Accepted Answer

A) annealing the ends of the vector and foreign DNA 
B) cutting the source of the foreign DNA with a restriction endonuclease 
C) reannealing the ends of the vector back together 
D) cutting the vector plasmid with the same restriction endonuclease 
A) annealing the ends of the vector and foreign DNA 
B) cutting the source of the foreign DNA with a restriction endonuclease 
C) reannealing the ends of the vector back together 
D) cutting the vector plasmid with the same restriction endonuclease

Question 9

How does RT-PCR differ from basic PCR?

Accepted Answer

A) Reverse temperatures are used for annealing and transcription. 
B) Transcription is reversed from 5'- to 3'-ends. 
C) Reverse transcriptase is used to synthesize a cDNA strand complementary to an RNA strand. 
D) Reverse transcriptase is used to synthesize an RNA strand from the DNA strand. 
A) Reverse temperatures are used for annealing and transcription. 
B) Transcription is reversed from 5'- to 3'-ends. 
C) Reverse transcriptase is used to synthesize a cDNA strand complementary to an RNA strand. 
D) Reverse transcriptase is used to synthesize an RNA strand from the DNA strand.

Question 10

Which procedure looks at all the genes that are activated during a major metabolic shift or during embryogenesis and development of organisms?

Accepted Answer

A) fractional expression 
B) genetic fractionation 
C) functional genomics 
D) mutagenesis 
A) fractional expression 
B) genetic fractionation 
C) functional genomics 
D) mutagenesis

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a strategy for human gene therapy?

Accepted Answer

A) use of transcription factors 
B) incorporation into expression vectors 
C) transfer into patient cells 
D) introduction of transformed stem cells 
A) use of transcription factors 
B) incorporation into expression vectors 
C) transfer into patient cells 
D) introduction of transformed stem cells

Question 12

To express a eukaryotic protein in E.coli,the eukaryotic cDNA must be cloned in an expression vector.What does the expression vector need to contain?

Accepted Answer

A) promoter and ribosomal-binding site 
B) promoter and transition start site 
C) ribosomal-binding site and hybridization complex 
D) introns and exons 
A) promoter and ribosomal-binding site 
B) promoter and transition start site 
C) ribosomal-binding site and hybridization complex 
D) introns and exons

Question 13

How does RNA interference function?

Accepted Answer

A) siRNA binds to genes and prevents transcription. 
B) A single strand of the siRNA binds to the gene transcript,preventing translation. 
C) The double-stranded siRNA binds to mRNA to prevent ribosomal association. 
D) siRNA binds to RNA polymerase,preventing mRNA production. 
A) siRNA binds to genes and prevents transcription. 
B) A single strand of the siRNA binds to the gene transcript,preventing translation. 
C) The double-stranded siRNA binds to mRNA to prevent ribosomal association. 
D) siRNA binds to RNA polymerase,preventing mRNA production.

Question 14

Which of the following is an advantage of using the pET plasmid?

Accepted Answer

A) The genes to be expressed are under the control of a T7 operator. 
B) The T7 polymerase is slower than a typical E.coli polymerase. 
C) The expressed protein never accounts for more than 5% of the total cell protein. 
D) The T7 polymerase is under the control of the lac operon and is thus active only when induced by an agent such as IPTG. 
A) The genes to be expressed are under the control of a T7 operator. 
B) The T7 polymerase is slower than a typical E.coli polymerase. 
C) The expressed protein never accounts for more than 5% of the total cell protein. 
D) The T7 polymerase is under the control of the lac operon and is thus active only when induced by an agent such as IPTG.

Question 15

How are hybrid proteins or fusion proteins produced?

Accepted Answer

A) by incubation of 2 proteins with a protease 
B) by expression of genes coding for multiple proteins 
C) by translation of mRNAs without removing exons 
D) by translation of recombinant sequences from expression vectors carrying cDNA inserts cloned directly into the coding sequence of a vector-born protein-coding gene 
A) by incubation of 2 proteins with a protease 
B) by expression of genes coding for multiple proteins 
C) by translation of mRNAs without removing exons 
D) by translation of recombinant sequences from expression vectors carrying cDNA inserts cloned directly into the coding sequence of a vector-born protein-coding gene

Question 16

Which of the following steps is NOT involved with each cycle of amplification in PCR?

Accepted Answer

A) the addition of fresh dNTPs to the reaction mixture 
B) annealing of oligodeoxyribonucleotide primers to DNA 
C) thermal denaturation of the target duplex DNA 
D) reaction with DNA polymerase at approximately 70°C 
A) the addition of fresh dNTPs to the reaction mixture 
B) annealing of oligodeoxyribonucleotide primers to DNA 
C) thermal denaturation of the target duplex DNA 
D) reaction with DNA polymerase at approximately 70°C

Question 17

Which vector would be most useful if DNA fragments of about 4 kb are to be cloned?

Accepted Answer

A) plasmid 
B) cosmid 
C) YACs (yeast artificial chromosomes) 
D) bacteriophage lambda 
A) plasmid 
B) cosmid 
C) YACs (yeast artificial chromosomes) 
D) bacteriophage lambda

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of YACs (yeast artificial chromosomes)?

Accepted Answer

A) can successfully propagate DNA molecules of 2 megabase pairs in length 
B) have been transferred into animals 
C) must include a centromere 
D) must include primers 
A) can successfully propagate DNA molecules of 2 megabase pairs in length 
B) have been transferred into animals 
C) must include a centromere 
D) must include primers

Question 19

What is a genomic DNA library?

Accepted Answer

A) a collection of short fragments from nuclear DNA digestion 
B) a circular DNA molecule of 1 kb to 200 kb found in bacteria and yeast cells 
C) a set of cloned fragments that collectively represent the genes of a particular organism 
D) a short segment of DNA whose sequence is complementary to a portion of the DNA of interest 
A) a collection of short fragments from nuclear DNA digestion 
B) a circular DNA molecule of 1 kb to 200 kb found in bacteria and yeast cells 
C) a set of cloned fragments that collectively represent the genes of a particular organism 
D) a short segment of DNA whose sequence is complementary to a portion of the DNA of interest

Question 20

Which in vitro process makes it possible to systematically alter the nucleotide sequence of a cloned gene?

Accepted Answer

A) protein synthesis 
B) mRNA synthesis 
C) hybridization 
D) mutagenesis 
A) protein synthesis 
B) mRNA synthesis 
C) hybridization 
D) mutagenesis

Exam 27: Recombinant Dna: Cloning and Creation of Chimeric Genes

What is the term for the study of all the proteins expressed by a certain cell or tissue under specific conditions?

What is PCR-based mutagenesis used to create?

Which of the following is NOT required to perform in vitro cloning to produce a library of eukaryotic genomic DNA?

Which of the following is a method used to insert or transform cells with a plasmid?

What is the most promising vector for human gene therapy?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of plasmids?

Which of the following is the best procedure in order to position a gene in an expression vector downstream from a promoter (i.e.,perform directional cloning)?

Which of the following is NOT a step in the sequence for construction of a chimeric plasmid?

How does RT-PCR differ from basic PCR?

Which procedure looks at all the genes that are activated during a major metabolic shift or during embryogenesis and development of organisms?

Which of the following is NOT a strategy for human gene therapy?

To express a eukaryotic protein in E.coli,the eukaryotic cDNA must be cloned in an expression vector.What does the expression vector need to contain?

How does RNA interference function?

Which of the following is an advantage of using the pET plasmid?

How are hybrid proteins or fusion proteins produced?

Which of the following steps is NOT involved with each cycle of amplification in PCR?

Which vector would be most useful if DNA fragments of about 4 kb are to be cloned?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of YACs (yeast artificial chromosomes)?

What is a genomic DNA library?

Which in vitro process makes it possible to systematically alter the nucleotide sequence of a cloned gene?

The Facts of Life: Chemistry Is the Logic of Biological Phenomena

Water: the Medium of Life

Thermodynamics of Biological Systems

Amino Acids

Proteins: Their Primary Structure and Biological Functions

Proteins: Secondary, tertiary, and Quaternary Structure

Carbohydrates and the Glycoconjugates of Cell Surfaces

Lipids

Lipid Biosynthesis

Membranes and Membrane Transport

The Reception and Transmission of Extracellular Information

Enzymes Kinetics and Specificity

Mechanisms of Enzyme Action

Enzyme Regulation

Molecular Motors

Nutrition and the Organization of Metabolism

Glycolysis

The Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Photosynthesis

Gluconeogenesis, glycogen Metabolism, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Catabolism

Nitrogen Acquisition and Amino Acid Metabolism

Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids

Structure of Nucleic Acids

Synthesis and Degradation of Nucleotides

DNA Metabolism: Replication, recombination, and Repair

Transcription and the Regulation of Gene Expression

Protein Synthesis

Post-Transcriptional Regulation of Gene Expression

Completing the Protein Life Cycle: Folding, processing, and Degradation

Metabolic Integration and Organ Specialization

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