Exam 6: Learning and Behavior Analysis

A man and woman are farm workers. The man is paid every week for his work, while the woman is paid for every two bushels of fruit she picks. The man is under a ________ schedule of reinforcement and the woman is under a ________ schedule of reinforcement.

Imagine conditioning a rat to elicit a pain response to a previously neutral stimulus. Based on the work of John Garcia and Robert Koelling, you are LEAST likely to be successful in creating the pain response if you use ________ as the neutral stimulus.

You deprive your dog of food just before you begin training him to sit down on command. You give your dog food only when he sits on the floor after you press on his back. Pretty soon your dog is sitting on the floor consistently. According to Skinner, your dog's behavior has been caused by

All of the following are accurate statements concerning the career of Ivan Pavlov EXCEPT for which one?

John Watson founded the school of psychology known as ________ and wrote the book entitled ________.

A researcher pairs a tone of 1200 Hz with an electric shock in a conditioning experiment. On some trials, he presents tones of 1000 Hz or 1500 Hz without the shock. The procedure he is using resembles the method used to bring about

The first time a child is inoculated for measles, he responds by crying. The next time he visits the doctor for his booster shot, he cries as soon as he sees the nurse who gave him the first shot. In the context of classical conditioning, the pain associated with being injected represents the ________ and the nurse represents the ________.

Suppose your nephew's parents have forbidden his viewing of television shows that depict violent acts, preferring that he watch shows with prosocial themes. Your nephew knows you are familiar with the impact of television on learning and hopes that you can intercede on his behalf. Based on the research, you can honestly tell his parents that

The most widely used type of conditioning, in which the CS occurs prior to and continues at least until the UCS is presented, is called ________ conditioning.

In a study quoted in your text, researchers found that the effects of classical conditioning could be used to explain ________ in people undergoing chemotherapy treatment for various forms of cancer.

All of the following are likely to be conditioned reinforcers EXCEPT a

B. F. Skinner argued that all behavior could be understood in terms of

While trying to study in the library, you are distracted by two students who are arguing about which CS-UCS time interval is most effective. One student claims that a second or less is best, but the other is positive that longer intervals of five to fifteen seconds work best. Finally, you go over and tell them that the

A boy is teaching his younger sister how to make her bed. At first, he tells her she did a good job if she gets the bedspread pulled up, even if the sheets are still rumpled. Each following day, he encourages her to be a little neater before telling her she did a good job. The boy may not know it, but he is using

Classical conditioning is a form of learning in which an organism learns a new association between

Acquisition is the process during which the CR is first elicited and gradually increases in frequency over trials. In general, for a conditioned response to be acquired, the ________ must be paired several times.

Covering your ears when you find yourself in a room that is too noisy is an example of ________ conditioning; wearing earplugs that reduce sound intensity before going into a room that you know will be too noisy is an example of ________ conditioning.

Suppose that laboratory animals are taught that a tone predicts food delivery. Then, a light is added as a second CS and they are given additional trials paired with food. If the animals now are tested with the light alone, they will

Learning is a process that can take place only through