Exam 13: Deformation, Mountain Building, and the Evolution of Continents

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What kind of movement has there been along the San Andreas Fault (i.e., which side has been moving in which relative direction)?

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Right-lateral/west side to the north/or, east side to the south

What kind of fault is the infamous San Andreas Fault in California?

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lateral/strike-slip

Why are some rock units folded and others of similar rock type faulted?

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Many factors affect the behavior of rocks, including type of stress applied, rate at which stress is applied, and the thickness of overlying rocks (or confining pressure).

___________ rocks show little or no plastic strain before fracture, while___________rocks show much plastic strain.

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What can we say about a fold if both its limbs dip in the same direction?

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Local geologic structures can be ignored in site selection for large structures because they formed so long ago.

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Normal faulting would result from compressional stress.

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A rock that behaves as a brittle solid and undergoes tensional stress would result in a___________ fault.

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Folding of rocks require that the rock behave in an elastic manner during the actual folding.

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What plate tectonic setting is responsible for the large mountain systems of the world?

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What is the strike of an inclined rock layer?

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Geologic structures found in mountain ranges formed by compression at convergent plate margins would likely include

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Give an example of a mountain range formed as a result of continental-continental plate collision.

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Stratified rocks which are not horizontal in exposure are exceptions to the principle of superposition.

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What are two types of strike-slip faults?

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Strain is deformation caused by stress.

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Monoclines are the result of

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How long ago did the Laramide orogeny begin?

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The youngest exposed rocks are found in the center of a structural basin.

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Describe the type of stress and expected structures associated with each type of plate tectonic boundary.

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