Exam 4: Encoding Messages: Spoken Language

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A list of all the words of a language is known as a lexicon.

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One of the goals of most communication schools is to train and encourage students to use newspeak.

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Explain and give an example of each of the following kinds of language. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using each kind? Kinds: ambiguous language, abstract language, euphemistic language, metaphorical language, immediate language.

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Jargon is specialized language known to in-group members.

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Which is true of gender and communication?

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According to linguistic determinism

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Boys' play often involves boasting, mocking insults, and teasing.

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Which is NOT true of the word boys?

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Ling belongs to a __________ culture therefore, it is not necessary to spell out messages explicitly and she seldom says things she believes listeners already know.

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John and Sandra Condry asked people to interpret why a newborn was crying. Those who were told the baby was a girl assumed the baby was

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The term "natural language" refers to spoken language.

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John never answers a question directly. Although he stays on topic, he hems and haws and is far from clear. He violates which maxim?

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The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis outlines the maxims that must be followed for cooperative communication.

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__________ knowledge allows us to pronounce familiar words correctly and know how unfamiliar words sound.

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A speech act is

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Sometimes people send indirect messages by intentionally violating conversational maxims.

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A phoneme is the smallest unit of the semantic subsystem of language.

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Research on girls' play shows that girls' games often focus on matters of inclusion and exclusion.

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According to CMM theory, what four levels of context must we take into account during communication? Give an example of a pragmatic rule at each of the four levels.

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Rapport talk is more characteristic of men than of women.

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