Exam 1: Basic Concepts and Methods

Theories generate testable predictions or ________ , which can be verified by scientific research.

The results of naturalistic observations research can be helpful when designing experimental studies. Which of the following best illustrates how natural observation research can be employed in formulating experimental research?

Keesha has two children. She spends many hours engaged with them and their activities. She has strict rules including bedtimes and TV restrictions. With which philosophical tradition does Keesha's parenting style agree?

Roberta's first baby was cheerful and compliant. Her second child, however, cried frequently and was difficult. This is an example of

Reading skills are acquired by some children before they enter formal school, by other children in kindergarten and first grade, but are not achieved by some children until third and fourth grades. Acquiring reading skills is an example of a

A number of descriptive methods are available to developmental scientists. Describe two and present one advantage and disadvantage for employing each. When would a researcher employ these? What kind of data do they produce?

___________ is the concern with the naturalistic observation method that the observer may have preconceived ideas about the behaviors they are viewing.

The_________ approach to development considers the expanded environment of the child and includes contexts beyond the child's immediate family.

An example of a normative age-graded change is

Patterson has employed the ecological approach to examine the roots of antisocial behaviors. His research indicates that early inappropriate behaviors can cascade and influence behavior in a number of settings. Which of the following behaviors did Patterson identify as an antecedent for later antisocial behaviors?

A major limitation of longitudinal designs in particular is

The philosophies of Augustine and Rousseau agree that development is a conflict between internal and external events. Which of the following best represents the major disagreement between these two world views?

Which of the following periods of development did G. S. Hall introduce?

The combination of the between-group comparisons of the cross-sectional design and the within-group comparisons of the longitudinal study results in which of the following designs?

A recent study conducted by Professor Brightman found that as the number of behavioral infractions committed by a child in the classroom rose, their grades fell. This is an example of a

Case histories are descriptive methods in which an individual child is studied at length. This method is most appropriate to employ when

______ were detailed observations of individual's development recorded by Darwin and other early researchers.

Dr. Ahmed's current study is investigating Internet use by young adolescents in the United States. He is concerned with the generalizability of his results. Dr. Ahmed should

The philosophical approach of empiricism held that differences in human capabilities are due to

Central School District is interested in improving the math scores of the enrolled fourth graders. They have elicited the assistance of Professor Glen. He informs the twenty fourth grade teachers that reviewing basic math facts is crucial to increasing the math scores. They are unconvinced. So, Professor Glen devised an experiment. All of the fourth graders were given the same math test. Then the teachers were randomly assigned to one of four groups. The groups differed on how many minutes per day were spent on reviewing basic math facts. All reviewing was identical and was conducted by completing and self grading of work sheets. The groups were ten minutes, fifteen minutes, twenty minutes, and thirty minutes. This continued for three months. At the end of the three-month period, the students were tested again on the same math test. In this experiment, the math score is the