Chat with AIExam 3: Personality Psychology As Science: Research Methods
Why would you recommend aggregation to a researcher interested in measuring shyness? Explain why aggregation improves the reliability of psychological assessments such as measures of shyness.
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Answered by Examlex AI CopilotI would recommend aggregation to a researcher interested in measuring shyness because it helps improve the reliability of psychological assessments. Aggregation involves combining multiple sources of data or multiple measurements to create a more reliable and accurate assessment of a particular trait or behavior, such as shyness.
When measuring shyness, using aggregation can help account for the variability that may exist in an individual's behavior across different situations or over time. By aggregating data from multiple sources, such as self-report surveys, observer ratings, and behavioral observations, researchers can obtain a more comprehensive and representative picture of an individual's shyness.
Aggregation also helps to reduce the impact of random measurement error, as it allows researchers to identify and account for inconsistencies or outliers in the data. This can lead to a more accurate and stable assessment of shyness, as it minimizes the influence of temporary or situational factors that may affect individual measurements.
Furthermore, aggregation can also help to capture the underlying trait of shyness more effectively by averaging out the effects of specific situations or temporary fluctuations in behavior. This can lead to a more reliable and generalizable assessment of shyness, as it provides a more stable and consistent measure of the trait across different contexts.
In summary, aggregation improves the reliability of psychological assessments such as measures of shyness by providing a more comprehensive, representative, and stable assessment of the trait. By combining data from multiple sources and averaging out inconsistencies, aggregation helps researchers obtain a more accurate and robust measure of shyness, which can enhance the validity and usefulness of their research findings.
Imagine that you could draw a line through the points on a scatter plot depicting the relation between X and Y that slopes upward from left to right. Which of the following is a possible value for the correlation coefficient that you would compute from these data?
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VerifiedD
The only difference between the experimental and correlational methods is that in the experimental method the presumed causal variable is ________, whereas in the correlational method the same variable is ________.
(31) VerifiedC
Egon Brunswik's concept that research should be designed to sample across all of the domains (e.g., people, methods, and stimuli) to which the investigator wishes to apply the results is referred to as ________.
(36) A researcher can increase the reliability of a personality test by ________.
(31) Mood researchers are less concerned with validity than are trait researchers.
(33) The most important and generally useful way to enhance reliability is to ________.
(32) What is null-hypothesis significance testing? What does a p-value tell researchers? What are the potential limitations of relying solely on this approach to data analysis?
(29) Psychology is relatively unique among the sciences because it uses the case method.
(34) Imagine that a researcher conducts a study and finds a statistically significant correlation between eating pizza and aggression. However, there is no real association between eating pizza and aggression in the population. What kind of error has this researcher made?
(27) Imagine that a researcher conducts a study and FAILS to find a statistically significant correlation between exercise and weight loss. However, there is a real association between exercise and weight loss in the population. What kind of error has this researcher made?
(23) A researcher constructs a scatter plot and notices that it shows a linear trend such that scores on the X-axis increase as scores on the Y-axis decrease. The correlation coefficient that describes the relationship between X and Y should therefore be negative.
(30) Reliability and validity are actually both aspects of a broader concept called ________.
(29) To do an experimental study of the effect of smoking on physical health, we would have to ________.
(33) Imagine that you find a correlation between emotional instability (neuroticism) and relationship quality of -.25 in a study of 200 married couples. How could you use the Binomial Effect Size Display to illustrate the size of this correlation? What could you conclude from this translation?
(32) Using the Binomial Effect Size Display, if there is a correlation of .30 between drinking alcohol and the likelihood of having a car accident, then out of 100 people who have been drinking, you would expect ________ of them to have an accident.
(32) According to the text, the tendency of a group of people who lived at a particular time to differ in some way from those who lived earlier or later is called a ________.
(39) Which of the following is the biggest concern that Funder has about the use of deception in psychological research?
(27) Imagine the construct of intelligence. What would researchers do to validate measures of this construct? Why is validity harder to establish and evaluate than reliability?
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