Question 1

Julia, who forgot to return her best friend's library books for her, may feel guilty.When someone is a nickel short of bus fare, Julia

Accepted Answer

A)  will be too self-absorbed to help. 
B)  will give the stranger a nickel to alleviate her guilt. 
C)  will give the person a nickel, but only if she knows them. 
D)  doesn't even notice that the person needs a nickel. 
A)  will be too self-absorbed to help. 
B)  will give the stranger a nickel to alleviate her guilt. 
C)  will give the person a nickel, but only if she knows them. 
D)  doesn't even notice that the person needs a nickel. B

Question 2

While waiting for a bus, witnesses hear a man growing increasingly frantic as he cries, "My nitro tablets.Where are my nitro pills? I can't find my nitro tablets, and I'm having a heart attack!" He collapses to the ground, clutching his chest.Everyone knows that it is a medical emergency.In this situation, who is most likely to help?

Accepted Answer

A)  James, who has recently completed a CPR course 
B)  Anita, who hears a voice from the back of the crowd, "Let me through! I'm a doctor!" and follows the lead of this model 
C)  Gene, who has been sued before for leaving the scene of an accident 
D)  Arthur, who notices that blood is streaming down the man's chin and onto his shirt 
A)  James, who has recently completed a CPR course 
B)  Anita, who hears a voice from the back of the crowd, "Let me through! I'm a doctor!" and follows the lead of this model 
C)  Gene, who has been sued before for leaving the scene of an accident 
D)  Arthur, who notices that blood is streaming down the man's chin and onto his shirt A

Question 3

________ refers to the ability to experience events or emotions from another person's perspective.

Accepted Answer

A)  Empathy 
B)  Identification 
C)  Altruism 
D)  Transference 
A)  Empathy 
B)  Identification 
C)  Altruism 
D)  Transference A

Question 4

Greitemeyer and his colleagues have conducted a number of studies to examine the effects of video games on helping.They have some participants play a prosocial video game and others play a neutral video game.The dependent variable of this research is the

Accepted Answer

A)  degree of helping. 
B)  type of video game. 
C)  participants. 
D)  temperature of the room where they play the game. 
A)  degree of helping. 
B)  type of video game. 
C)  participants. 
D)  temperature of the room where they play the game.

Question 5

According to research in the text, churchgoers were more likely to contribute to charity before they attended confession than after confession.These findings are most compatible with

Accepted Answer

A)  feel good; do good. 
B)  feel bad; do good. 
C)  feel bad; do bad. 
D)  do bad; feel good. 
A)  feel good; do good. 
B)  feel bad; do good. 
C)  feel bad; do bad. 
D)  do bad; feel good.

Question 6

One of the major problems with the empathy-altruism hypothesis, which Batson himself admits, is that

Accepted Answer

A)  people rarely experience empathy. 
B)  people are motivated strongly by rewards. 
C)  it can be difficult to know people's true motives when helping. 
D)  helping is difficult to do because of the costs involved. 
A)  people rarely experience empathy. 
B)  people are motivated strongly by rewards. 
C)  it can be difficult to know people's true motives when helping. 
D)  helping is difficult to do because of the costs involved.

Question 7

Elaine explains that she donates money to charity because, "It makes me feel like I'm investing in the future.It just feels good!" Her motive for helping is best described by which theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  evolutionary 
B)  social exchange 
C)  kin selection 
D)  empathy-altruism 
A)  evolutionary 
B)  social exchange 
C)  kin selection 
D)  empathy-altruism

Question 8

The main tenet of social exchange theory is that we will help others when

Accepted Answer

A)  the rewards outweigh the costs. 
B)  the rewards are high. 
C)  the costs are low. 
D)  they have already helped us. 
A)  the rewards outweigh the costs. 
B)  the rewards are high. 
C)  the costs are low. 
D)  they have already helped us.

Question 9

Recall that participants in an experiment described in the text (Toi & Batson, 1982) listened to an (alleged) radio interview in which a student in their introductory psychology class described an accident that caused her to fall behind in the course.Some participants were encouraged to empathize with "Carol," whereas others were encouraged to listen objectively to the interview.Some participants in each of these two groups were led to believe that Carol would be returning to their psychology course; others were led to believe that she would finish out the term at home, and that they would never see her again.These researchers found that when participants ________, their decision to help was guided by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  empathized with Carol; social exchange concerns 
B)  listened objectively; their own personal experiences 
C)  empathized with Carol; their own personal experiences 
D)  did not empathize with Carol; social exchange concerns 
A)  empathized with Carol; social exchange concerns 
B)  listened objectively; their own personal experiences 
C)  empathized with Carol; their own personal experiences 
D)  did not empathize with Carol; social exchange concerns

Question 10

The authors of your text tell a story about Abraham Lincoln in which Lincoln ordered a coach to stop so he could save some piglets from drowning.Lincoln claimed that he helped because "I should have had no peace of mind all day had I gone on and left that suffering old sow worrying over those pigs." Lincoln argued that he was helping because of

Accepted Answer

A)  altruism. 
B)  self-interest. 
C)  social exchange concerns. 
D)  the reciprocity norm. 
A)  altruism. 
B)  self-interest. 
C)  social exchange concerns. 
D)  the reciprocity norm.

Question 11

Which of the following emotions is NOT associated with promoting helping behavior, according to research on feeling bad and doing good?

Accepted Answer

A)  sadness 
B)  distress 
C)  anger 
D)  guilt 
A)  sadness 
B)  distress 
C)  anger 
D)  guilt

Question 12

Dima just finished listening to a charity album filled with songs about helping and caring for others who are victims of war in Darfur, tornadoes in the American South, and famine in Somalia.Why would she be more likely to help the lady parked near her whose car has a flat tire?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thoughts of helping are cognitively accessible after listening to the album. 
B)  Listening to the album increased her desire to get rewards and credit for being helpful. 
C)  As it turns out, she is related to the lady whose car has a flat. 
D)  She has nothing better to do. 
A)  Thoughts of helping are cognitively accessible after listening to the album. 
B)  Listening to the album increased her desire to get rewards and credit for being helpful. 
C)  As it turns out, she is related to the lady whose car has a flat. 
D)  She has nothing better to do.

Question 13

Stemming from the urban overload hypothesis, consider what you would do in the following situation.You have just run over a nail with your car during a long road trip, but luckily you have run-flat tires and can drive up to fifty miles before your tire will deflate.Based on what you know from the urban overload hypothesis, where should you drive to if you were going to seek help from strangers for your tire?

Accepted Answer

A)  the nearest major city 
B)  the nearest moderately sized city 
C)  a completely deserted road 
D)  a small, rural town 
A)  the nearest major city 
B)  the nearest moderately sized city 
C)  a completely deserted road 
D)  a small, rural town

Question 14

Based on information from your text about the rates of volunteerism, which of the following countries has the highest rate of volunteerism in its population (47 percent)?

Accepted Answer

A)  France 
B)  the United States 
C)  Canada 
D)  Germany 
A)  France 
B)  the United States 
C)  Canada 
D)  Germany

Question 15

The groups of people who live among those who are ________ may be more likely to survive than those people who live among groups of people who are ________.This idea is referred to as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  selfless; selfish; altruism 
B)  selfish; selfless; natural selection 
C)  selfless; selfish; group selection 
D)  selfish; selfless; altruism 
A)  selfless; selfish; altruism 
B)  selfish; selfless; natural selection 
C)  selfless; selfish; group selection 
D)  selfish; selfless; altruism

Question 16

When Darley and Latané exposed participants to a faked seizure in one of three experimental conditions (participants were lone witnesses, one of three witnesses, or one of five witnesses), they found that

Accepted Answer

A)  although participants who believed they were lone witnesses took longer to help, more of them did eventually help than in the other conditions. 
B)  when lone participants thought the experimenter also overheard the seizure, they took longer to help. 
C)  participants who thought they were lone witnesses helped more and helped faster. 
D)  helping is not substantially reduced when the number of witnesses increases from two to five. 
A)  although participants who believed they were lone witnesses took longer to help, more of them did eventually help than in the other conditions. 
B)  when lone participants thought the experimenter also overheard the seizure, they took longer to help. 
C)  participants who thought they were lone witnesses helped more and helped faster. 
D)  helping is not substantially reduced when the number of witnesses increases from two to five.

Question 17

Marla has revised her will to ensure that upon her death, all of her functioning organs (corneas, liver, kidneys, heart, and so on) will be used to help transplant patients.She's told no one about her actions, and expects nothing in return.This is an example of a(n) ________ behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  altruistic 
B)  evolutionarily adaptive 
C)  self-sacrificing 
D)  normative 
A)  altruistic 
B)  evolutionarily adaptive 
C)  self-sacrificing 
D)  normative

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the urban-overload hypothesis (Milgram, 1970)? People who

Accepted Answer

A)  live in cities feel out of touch with others, so use helping as a way to "reach out." 
B)  live in cities often feel overwhelmed, so simplify things by keeping to themselves. 
C)  visit cities from rural areas feel overwhelmed, so avoid the urban dwellers. 
D)  visit cities from rural areas feel isolated, so use helping as way to "reach out" to others. 
A)  live in cities feel out of touch with others, so use helping as a way to "reach out." 
B)  live in cities often feel overwhelmed, so simplify things by keeping to themselves. 
C)  visit cities from rural areas feel overwhelmed, so avoid the urban dwellers. 
D)  visit cities from rural areas feel isolated, so use helping as way to "reach out" to others.

Question 19

According to evolutionary theory (Darwin, 1859), natural selection favors genes that promote individual survival.This tenet is most troublesome in explaining

Accepted Answer

A)  aggression. 
B)  altruism. 
C)  prosocial behavior. 
D)  the protection of the young. 
A)  aggression. 
B)  altruism. 
C)  prosocial behavior. 
D)  the protection of the young.

Question 20

A principal theory in social psychology is social exchange theory.According to this theory, we will be most likely to help others

Accepted Answer

A)  when the benefits outweigh the costs. 
B)  who are closely related to us. 
C)  who have already helped us. 
D)  for whom we feel empathy. 
A)  when the benefits outweigh the costs. 
B)  who are closely related to us. 
C)  who have already helped us. 
D)  for whom we feel empathy.

Julia, who forgot to return her best friend's library books for her, may feel guilty.When someone is a nickel short of bus fare, Julia

________ refers to the ability to experience events or emotions from another person's perspective.

Greitemeyer and his colleagues have conducted a number of studies to examine the effects of video games on helping.They have some participants play a prosocial video game and others play a neutral video game.The dependent variable of this research is the

According to research in the text, churchgoers were more likely to contribute to charity before they attended confession than after confession.These findings are most compatible with

One of the major problems with the empathy-altruism hypothesis, which Batson himself admits, is that

Elaine explains that she donates money to charity because, "It makes me feel like I'm investing in the future.It just feels good!" Her motive for helping is best described by which theory?

The main tenet of social exchange theory is that we will help others when

Which of the following emotions is NOT associated with promoting helping behavior, according to research on feeling bad and doing good?

Dima just finished listening to a charity album filled with songs about helping and caring for others who are victims of war in Darfur, tornadoes in the American South, and famine in Somalia.Why would she be more likely to help the lady parked near her whose car has a flat tire?

Based on information from your text about the rates of volunteerism, which of the following countries has the highest rate of volunteerism in its population (47 percent)?

The groups of people who live among those who are may be more likely to survive than those people who live among groups of people who are .This idea is referred to as .

When Darley and Latané exposed participants to a faked seizure in one of three experimental conditions (participants were lone witnesses, one of three witnesses, or one of five witnesses), they found that

Marla has revised her will to ensure that upon her death, all of her functioning organs (corneas, liver, kidneys, heart, and so on) will be used to help transplant patients.She's told no one about her actions, and expects nothing in return.This is an example of a(n) ________ behavior.

Which of the following best describes the urban-overload hypothesis (Milgram, 1970)? People who

According to evolutionary theory (Darwin, 1859), natural selection favors genes that promote individual survival.This tenet is most troublesome in explaining

A principal theory in social psychology is social exchange theory.According to this theory, we will be most likely to help others

Introducing Social Psychology

Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research

Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

The Need to Justify Our Actions: the Costs and Benefits of Dissonance Reduction

Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Conformity: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People Can We Prevent It

Prejudice: Causes Consequences and Cures

Making a Difference With Social Psychology: Attaining a Sustainable Future

Social Psychology and Health

Social Psychology and the Law

Filters

Exam 11: Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help

Julia, who forgot to return her best friend's library books for her, may feel guilty.When someone is a nickel short of bus fare, Julia

________ refers to the ability to experience events or emotions from another person's perspective.

Greitemeyer and his colleagues have conducted a number of studies to examine the effects of video games on helping.They have some participants play a prosocial video game and others play a neutral video game.The dependent variable of this research is the

According to research in the text, churchgoers were more likely to contribute to charity before they attended confession than after confession.These findings are most compatible with

One of the major problems with the empathy-altruism hypothesis, which Batson himself admits, is that

Elaine explains that she donates money to charity because, "It makes me feel like I'm investing in the future.It just feels good!" Her motive for helping is best described by which theory?

The main tenet of social exchange theory is that we will help others when

Which of the following emotions is NOT associated with promoting helping behavior, according to research on feeling bad and doing good?

Dima just finished listening to a charity album filled with songs about helping and caring for others who are victims of war in Darfur, tornadoes in the American South, and famine in Somalia.Why would she be more likely to help the lady parked near her whose car has a flat tire?

Based on information from your text about the rates of volunteerism, which of the following countries has the highest rate of volunteerism in its population (47 percent)?

The groups of people who live among those who are ________ may be more likely to survive than those people who live among groups of people who are ________.This idea is referred to as ________.

When Darley and Latané exposed participants to a faked seizure in one of three experimental conditions (participants were lone witnesses, one of three witnesses, or one of five witnesses), they found that

Marla has revised her will to ensure that upon her death, all of her functioning organs (corneas, liver, kidneys, heart, and so on) will be used to help transplant patients.She's told no one about her actions, and expects nothing in return.This is an example of a(n) ________ behavior.

Which of the following best describes the urban-overload hypothesis (Milgram, 1970)? People who

According to evolutionary theory (Darwin, 1859), natural selection favors genes that promote individual survival.This tenet is most troublesome in explaining

A principal theory in social psychology is social exchange theory.According to this theory, we will be most likely to help others

Introducing Social Psychology

Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research

Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World

Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context

The Need to Justify Our Actions: the Costs and Benefits of Dissonance Reduction

Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing Thoughts and Feelings

Conformity: Influencing Behavior

Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships

Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People Can We Prevent It

Prejudice: Causes Consequences and Cures

Making a Difference With Social Psychology: Attaining a Sustainable Future

Social Psychology and Health

Social Psychology and the Law

Filters

The groups of people who live among those who are may be more likely to survive than those people who live among groups of people who are .This idea is referred to as .