Exam 9: Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups

Which person is LEAST likely to be in a group with the other three?

Both social facilitation and social loafing are examples of the influence that the presence of others has on our behaviors.These phenomena differ, however, in that presence of others ________ in social facilitation situations and ________ in social loafing situations.

According to the contingency theory of leadership, in ________ situations, the leader has poor relationships with subordinates, and directs tasks that are not clearly defined.

Recall that in the Stanford Prison Study conducted by Haney, Banks, and Zimbardo (1973), guards became increasingly aggressive and prisoners became increasingly submissive and withdrawn, all in under a week.Results of this (aborted) study suggest that

According to the authors of your text, threats

Under certain conditions, people will choose the cooperative option when playing the "prisoner's dilemma" game.For example, when a player ________, that player will be more likely to play cooperatively.

The leader who would be most effective is one who uses

Recall that in one condition of the experiment conducted by Stasser and Titus (1985) about Student Senate president candidates, all group members had access to the same information, and that in another condition, members had unique information that other group members didn't know.In the second (unshared information) condition, the group made a worse decision than in the first (shared information) condition.This occurred because groups

Baron (1986) has found that flashing lights can cause the same social facilitation effects as the presence of other people.These findings support the idea that ________ is the source of arousal that enhances performance on simple tasks.

President Kennedy's failure at the Bay of Pigs in Cuba is an example of

There is a powerful scene in the classic film, To Kill a Mockingbird; Atticus Finch, a small town lawyer, is on the courthouse steps standing guard over Tom Robinson, an African-American prisoner whom he is defending.A mob of townspeople and local farmers approaches the courthouse, demanding that Atticus turn over Robinson; they are intent on administering their own form of vigilante justice.Suddenly, Atticus's young daughter Scout steps forward.She doesn't understand what's about to happen, and begins to address people in the crowd, "Hey, Mr.Cunningham.How's your boy? I like Walter, but I haven't seen him in awhile." As Scout innocently addresses a number of individuals in the crowd, they begin to leave one by one, until the whole lynch mob is disbanded.Scout's behavior disrupts the ________ that might have led to a lynching.

Complete the following.________: riskier decisions :: group polarization: ________.

The group processes of social loafing and deindividuation share the common feature that they are both caused in part by

Jan is the leader of a cohesive "knowledge masters" group that is preparing to compete against teams from other colleges.To prevent groupthink and ensure that her group is successful, she should

Social facilitation refers to the tendency of people to perform ________ on simple tasks and ________ on complex tasks when others are present.

When is high cohesiveness likely to be a problem for a group?

Experimental research on social conflicts has shown that the greatest amount of cooperation occurs when

In describing his experiences during the decision making process that preceded the disastrous Bay of Pigs invasion, Kennedy's adviser, Arthur Schlesinger, reported that although he was opposed to the invasion, he didn't speak out because "others would regard it as presumptuous of him, a college professor, to take issue with august heads of government institutions." This example best reflects ________ as a symptom of groupthink.

Sometimes famous performers have horrible final rehearsals in empty auditoriums prior to a big performance, yet they end up having wonderful performances in front of audiences.Why would the presence of others increase performance on a well-rehearsed task, such as musical performance?

Which study, discussed in your text, best mirrors the prisoner abuse at Abu Ghraib?