Question 1

If RNA polymerase is missing _____ then transcription initiation would not occur but elongation could.

Accepted Answer

A) amino acids 
B) mRNA 
C) sigma 
D) the holoenzyme 
A) amino acids 
B) mRNA 
C) sigma 
D) the holoenzyme C

Question 2

Ribosomes can attach to prokaryotic messenger RNA _____.

Accepted Answer

A) once post-transcriptional modification is complete 
B) before transcription is complete 
C) once replication is complete 
D) once the primary transcript has been released from RNA polymerase 
A) once post-transcriptional modification is complete 
B) before transcription is complete 
C) once replication is complete 
D) once the primary transcript has been released from RNA polymerase B

Question 3

Put the following events of elongation in prokaryotic translation in chronological order.
1)Binding of mRNA with small ribosomal subunit
2)Recognition of initiation codon
3)Complementary base pairing between initiator codon and anticodon of initiator tRNA
4)Base pairing of the mRNA codon following the initiator codon with its complementary tRNA
5)Attachment of the large subunit

Accepted Answer

A) 1,2,3,4,5 
B) 2,1,4,3,5 
C) 5,4,3,2,1 
D) 1,2,3,5,4 
A) 1,2,3,4,5 
B) 2,1,4,3,5 
C) 5,4,3,2,1 
D) 1,2,3,5,4 D

Question 4

The TATA box of the eukaryotic promoter is analogous to which structure of the prokaryotic promoter?

Accepted Answer

A) sigma 
B) the -10 box 
C) the -35 box 
D) the site of initiation 
A) sigma 
B) the -10 box 
C) the -35 box 
D) the site of initiation

Question 5

Which one of the following,if missing,would prevent transcription from starting?

Accepted Answer

A) exon 
B) 5' cap 
C) AUG codon 
D) poly A tail 
A) exon 
B) 5' cap 
C) AUG codon 
D) poly A tail

Question 6

Which molecule or reaction supplies the energy for polymerization of nucleotides in the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

A) the interaction between RNA polymerase and the promoter 
B) the phosphate bonds in the nucleotide triphosphates that serve as substrates 
C) the energy released when hydrogen bonds are broken as the DNA molecule is unwound 
D) ATP only 
A) the interaction between RNA polymerase and the promoter 
B) the phosphate bonds in the nucleotide triphosphates that serve as substrates 
C) the energy released when hydrogen bonds are broken as the DNA molecule is unwound 
D) ATP only

Question 7

Figure 16.4.
  
-Refer to Figure 16.4.During elongation,which site in the ribosome represents the location where a codon is being read?

Accepted Answer

A) E site 
B) P site 
C) A site 
D) small subunit 
A) E site 
B) P site 
C) A site 
D) small subunit

Question 8

Put the following events of transcription in chronological order.
1)Sigma binds to the promoter region.
2)The double helix of DNA is unwound,breaking hydrogen bonds between complementary strands.
3)Sigma binds to RNA polymerase.
4)Sigma is released.
5)Transcription begins.

Accepted Answer

A) 2,3,4,5 
B) 2,3,1,4,5 
C) 3,1,2,5,4 
D) 3,2,1,4,5 
A) 2,3,4,5 
B) 2,3,1,4,5 
C) 3,1,2,5,4 
D) 3,2,1,4,5

Question 9

Once a peptide has been formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the P site and the amino acid associated with the tRNA in the A site,which process on the list occurs next?

Accepted Answer

A) translocation 
B) reading of the next codon of mRNA 
C) initiation 
D) The codon-anticodon hydrogen bonds holding the tRNA in the A site are broken. 
A) translocation 
B) reading of the next codon of mRNA 
C) initiation 
D) The codon-anticodon hydrogen bonds holding the tRNA in the A site are broken.

Question 10

What is the function of the group of amino acids on the RNA polymerase,called the rudder?

Accepted Answer

A) It provides the energy required for formation of phosphodiester bonds in the elongating RNA molecule. 
B) It helps unwind and open the DNA molecule. 
C) It moves template and non-template strands of DNA through channels inside the enzyme. 
D) It helps sigma bind to the RNA polymerase molecule. 
A) It provides the energy required for formation of phosphodiester bonds in the elongating RNA molecule. 
B) It helps unwind and open the DNA molecule. 
C) It moves template and non-template strands of DNA through channels inside the enzyme. 
D) It helps sigma bind to the RNA polymerase molecule.

Question 11

Which of the following is part of a DNA molecule?

Accepted Answer

A) sigma 
B) the holoenzyme 
C) initiation factors 
D) promoters 
A) sigma 
B) the holoenzyme 
C) initiation factors 
D) promoters

Question 12

Post-translational modifications include all of the following except _____.

Accepted Answer

A) removal of introns 
B) formation of hydrogen bonds among carbonyl and amino groups of the polypeptide backbone 
C) formation of covalent bonds between cysteine residues of the amino acid side chains 
D) addition of carbohydrates to form a glycoprotein 
A) removal of introns 
B) formation of hydrogen bonds among carbonyl and amino groups of the polypeptide backbone 
C) formation of covalent bonds between cysteine residues of the amino acid side chains 
D) addition of carbohydrates to form a glycoprotein

Question 13

As scientists were unraveling the mysteries associated with transcription and translation,they discovered there was not a one-to-one correspondence between nucleotide sequence of a gene and base sequence of the mRNA it codes for.They proposed the genes-in-pieces hypothesis.How can the genes-in-pieces hypothesis be explained?

Accepted Answer

A) Introns are noncoding segments of DNA that are present in the initial transcript,but are removed by splicing. 
B) Introns are noncoding segments of DNA that are not read or transcribed by RNA polymerase II. 
C) Exons are noncoding segments of DNA that are not read or transcribed by RNA polymerase II. 
D) Exons are noncoding segments of DNA that are present in the initial transcript,but are removed by splicing. 
A) Introns are noncoding segments of DNA that are present in the initial transcript,but are removed by splicing. 
B) Introns are noncoding segments of DNA that are not read or transcribed by RNA polymerase II. 
C) Exons are noncoding segments of DNA that are not read or transcribed by RNA polymerase II. 
D) Exons are noncoding segments of DNA that are present in the initial transcript,but are removed by splicing.

Question 14

Death cap mushrooms produce a substance called alpha-amanitin.Alpha-amanitin efficiently blocks synthesis of mRNA,but not of tRNA or rRNA in eukaryotic organisms.How is that possible?

Accepted Answer

A) Alpha-amanitin efficiently interferes with the action of RNA polymerase I,but not RNA polymerase II or III. 
B) Alpha-amanitin efficiently interferes with RNA polymerase III,but not RNA polymerase I and II. 
C) Alpha-amanitin efficiently blocks the action of one or more basic transcription factors. 
D) Alpha-amanitin efficiently interferes with the action of RNA polymerase II,but not RNA polymerase I or III. 
A) Alpha-amanitin efficiently interferes with the action of RNA polymerase I,but not RNA polymerase II or III. 
B) Alpha-amanitin efficiently interferes with RNA polymerase III,but not RNA polymerase I and II. 
C) Alpha-amanitin efficiently blocks the action of one or more basic transcription factors. 
D) Alpha-amanitin efficiently interferes with the action of RNA polymerase II,but not RNA polymerase I or III.

Question 15

Which of the following is not one of the steps in initiation of translation?

Accepted Answer

A) binding of the large ribosomal subunit to the small ribosomal subunit 
B) binding of tRNA carrying formyl methionine to the start codon and small ribosomal subunit 
C) recognition and binding of mRNA by the small ribosomal subunit 
D) formation of a polypeptide bond 
A) binding of the large ribosomal subunit to the small ribosomal subunit 
B) binding of tRNA carrying formyl methionine to the start codon and small ribosomal subunit 
C) recognition and binding of mRNA by the small ribosomal subunit 
D) formation of a polypeptide bond

Question 16

During elongation,RNA polymerase has three prominent channels,or grooves.These channels provide sites for all of the following,except _____.

Accepted Answer

A) a site for the double-stranded DNA molecule 
B) a site for the entry of ribonucleoside triphosphates 
C) a site for the exit of the diphosphates removed from the nucleotide triphosphates 
D) a site for the growing RNA strand 
A) a site for the double-stranded DNA molecule 
B) a site for the entry of ribonucleoside triphosphates 
C) a site for the exit of the diphosphates removed from the nucleotide triphosphates 
D) a site for the growing RNA strand

Question 17

Figure 16.3.
  
-Refer to Figure 16.3.What is the function of the ACC sequence at the 3' end?

Accepted Answer

A) It attaches to the amino acid. 
B) It base pairs with the codon of mRNA. 
C) It stabilizes the tRNA-amino acid complex. 
D) It is the active site of this ribozyme. 
A) It attaches to the amino acid. 
B) It base pairs with the codon of mRNA. 
C) It stabilizes the tRNA-amino acid complex. 
D) It is the active site of this ribozyme.

Question 18

David Pribnow studied the base sequences of promoters in bacteria and bacterial viruses.He found two conserved regions in these promoters (the -10 box and the -35 box).What is the function of these two regions of the promoter?

Accepted Answer

A) They signal the initiation site. 
B) They bind the sigma subunit that is associated with RNA polymerase. 
C) They attach the correct nucleotide triphosphate to the template DNA strand. 
D) They separate the two DNA strands. 
A) They signal the initiation site. 
B) They bind the sigma subunit that is associated with RNA polymerase. 
C) They attach the correct nucleotide triphosphate to the template DNA strand. 
D) They separate the two DNA strands.

Question 19

The mutation resulting in sickle cell anemia changes one base pair of DNA so it is an example of a _____.

Accepted Answer

A) point mutation 
B) frameshift mutation 
C) silent mutation 
D) missense mutation 
A) point mutation 
B) frameshift mutation 
C) silent mutation 
D) missense mutation

Question 20

A primary transcript in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is _____ the functional mRNA,while a primary transcript in a prokaryotic cell is _____ the functional mRNA.

Accepted Answer

A) the same size as;the same size as 
B) larger than;the same size as 
C) larger than;smaller than 
D) the same size as;larger than 
A) the same size as;the same size as 
B) larger than;the same size as 
C) larger than;smaller than 
D) the same size as;larger than

Exam 16: Transcription and Translation

If RNA polymerase is missing _____ then transcription initiation would not occur but elongation could.

Ribosomes can attach to prokaryotic messenger RNA _____.

The TATA box of the eukaryotic promoter is analogous to which structure of the prokaryotic promoter?

Which one of the following,if missing,would prevent transcription from starting?

Which molecule or reaction supplies the energy for polymerization of nucleotides in the process of transcription?

Figure 16.4. -Refer to Figure 16.4.During elongation,which site in the ribosome represents the location where a codon is being read?

Put the following events of transcription in chronological order. 1)Sigma binds to the promoter region. 2)The double helix of DNA is unwound,breaking hydrogen bonds between complementary strands. 3)Sigma binds to RNA polymerase. 4)Sigma is released. 5)Transcription begins.

Once a peptide has been formed between the amino acid attached to the tRNA in the P site and the amino acid associated with the tRNA in the A site,which process on the list occurs next?

What is the function of the group of amino acids on the RNA polymerase,called the rudder?

Which of the following is part of a DNA molecule?

Post-translational modifications include all of the following except _____.

Death cap mushrooms produce a substance called alpha-amanitin.Alpha-amanitin efficiently blocks synthesis of mRNA,but not of tRNA or rRNA in eukaryotic organisms.How is that possible?

Which of the following is not one of the steps in initiation of translation?

During elongation,RNA polymerase has three prominent channels,or grooves.These channels provide sites for all of the following,except _____.

Figure 16.3. -Refer to Figure 16.3.What is the function of the ACC sequence at the 3' end?

David Pribnow studied the base sequences of promoters in bacteria and bacterial viruses.He found two conserved regions in these promoters (the -10 box and the -35 box).What is the function of these two regions of the promoter?

The mutation resulting in sickle cell anemia changes one base pair of DNA so it is an example of a _____.

A primary transcript in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is _____ the functional mRNA,while a primary transcript in a prokaryotic cell is _____ the functional mRNA.

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Cell-Cell Interactions

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analyzing and Engineering Genes

Genomics

Principles of Development

An Introduction to Animal Development

An Introduction to Plant Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Electrical Signals in Animals

Animal Sensory Systems and Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

Filters

A primary transcript in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is _ the functional mRNA,while a primary transcript in a prokaryotic cell is _ the functional mRNA.