Question 1

Figure 54.7  
-After looking at the experiment in Figure 54.7,what can be said about nutrient export in ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

A) Nutrient export is typically 10 times lower in a clear-cut watershed. 
B) Nutrient export is typically 10 times higher in a clear-cut watershed. 
C) Nutrient export is typically 10 times higher in an uncut watershed. 
D) Nutrient export is not affected by any form of cutting. 
A) Nutrient export is typically 10 times lower in a clear-cut watershed. 
B) Nutrient export is typically 10 times higher in a clear-cut watershed. 
C) Nutrient export is typically 10 times higher in an uncut watershed. 
D) Nutrient export is not affected by any form of cutting. B

Question 2

Figure 54.3  
-What is the leading hypothesis as to why terrestrial productivity is higher in equatorial climates?

Accepted Answer

A) Productivity increases with temperature. 
B) Productivity increases with water availability. 
C) Productivity increases with available sunlight. 
D) The hypothesis is most likely a combination of the other answers. 
A) Productivity increases with temperature. 
B) Productivity increases with water availability. 
C) Productivity increases with available sunlight. 
D) The hypothesis is most likely a combination of the other answers. D

Question 3

Considering the global carbon cycle,where are humans having a large impact?

Accepted Answer

A) terrestrial ecosystems 
B) oceans 
C) atmosphere 
D) beneath the surface of the Earth 
E) in both terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere 
A) terrestrial ecosystems 
B) oceans 
C) atmosphere 
D) beneath the surface of the Earth 
E) in both terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere E

Question 4

From which one of the following environmental issues have we not documented either a slowdown,partial recovery,or significant recovery?

Accepted Answer

A) phosphate pollution 
B) global warming 
C) acid rain 
D) ozone hole 
A) phosphate pollution 
B) global warming 
C) acid rain 
D) ozone hole

Question 5

Figure 54.10  
-Based on Figure 54.10,and given the populations of the following countries,which country uses the most oil overall?

Accepted Answer

A) United States (population = 300 million) 
B) Canada (population = 33 million) 
C) China (population = 1.32 billion) 
D) Russia (population = 142 million) 
E) United Kingdom (population = 60 million) 
A) United States (population = 300 million) 
B) Canada (population = 33 million) 
C) China (population = 1.32 billion) 
D) Russia (population = 142 million) 
E) United Kingdom (population = 60 million)

Question 6

Figure 54.6  
-In Figure 54.6,which number represents secondary production?

Accepted Answer

A) 1)6% 
B) 17.7% 
C) 80.7% 
D) none of the above 
A) 1)6% 
B) 17.7% 
C) 80.7% 
D) none of the above

Question 7

Figure 54.8  
-Considering the global water cycle depicted in Figure 54.8,where does one find the largest amount of water changing phases?

Accepted Answer

A) groundwater runoff to oceans 
B) movement of water vapor from ocean to land 
C) evaporation/transpiration and precipitation over land 
D) evaporation and precipitation over the oceans 
E) all of the above show equal amounts of water changing between phases 
A) groundwater runoff to oceans 
B) movement of water vapor from ocean to land 
C) evaporation/transpiration and precipitation over land 
D) evaporation and precipitation over the oceans 
E) all of the above show equal amounts of water changing between phases

Question 8

Why are changes in the global carbon cycle important?

Accepted Answer

A) Burning reduces available carbon for primary producers and therefore primary consumers. 
B) Deforestation and suburbanization reduce an area's net primary productivity. 
C) Increasing atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide could alter Earth's climate. 
D) By using fossil fuels we are destroying a nonrenewable resource. 
E) All of the above are why changes in the global carbon cycle are important. 
A) Burning reduces available carbon for primary producers and therefore primary consumers. 
B) Deforestation and suburbanization reduce an area's net primary productivity. 
C) Increasing atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide could alter Earth's climate. 
D) By using fossil fuels we are destroying a nonrenewable resource. 
E) All of the above are why changes in the global carbon cycle are important.

Question 9

Considering the current scientific literature on global warming,which statement best summarizes the most recent findings?

Accepted Answer

A) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concluded that carbon dioxide is the sole cause of global warming. 
B) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concluded that the evidence for global warming is unequivocal and that it is very likely due to human-induced changes in greenhouse gases. 
C) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concluded that current evidence suggests that most of the warming over the past 50 years is attributable to human activities. 
D) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concluded that current evidence suggests no link between human activity and climate change. 
A) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concluded that carbon dioxide is the sole cause of global warming. 
B) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concluded that the evidence for global warming is unequivocal and that it is very likely due to human-induced changes in greenhouse gases. 
C) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concluded that current evidence suggests that most of the warming over the past 50 years is attributable to human activities. 
D) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change concluded that current evidence suggests no link between human activity and climate change.

Question 10

Figure 54.4  
-After looking at the experiment in Figure 54.4,what can be said about productivity in marine ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

A) Nothing can be said based on this information. 
B) Marine organisms break down iron for energy and thus for productivity. 
C) Iron can be a limiting nutrient in productivity. 
D) Productivity increases when chlorophyll a is added. 
A) Nothing can be said based on this information. 
B) Marine organisms break down iron for energy and thus for productivity. 
C) Iron can be a limiting nutrient in productivity. 
D) Productivity increases when chlorophyll a is added.

Question 11

Regarding soil and organic matter in humus,which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Humus is composed of inorganic nutrients,and organic matter is composed only of organic matter. 
B) Soil organic matter is completely decayed. 
C) Completely decayed soil organic matter is called humus. 
D) Eventually,the nutrients in soil organic matter are converted to organic form. 
A) Humus is composed of inorganic nutrients,and organic matter is composed only of organic matter. 
B) Soil organic matter is completely decayed. 
C) Completely decayed soil organic matter is called humus. 
D) Eventually,the nutrients in soil organic matter are converted to organic form.

Question 12

Figure 54.3  
-Which habitat type in Figure 54.3 makes available the most new tissue to consumers?

Accepted Answer

A) tropical wet forest 
B) open ocean 
C) algal beds and reefs 
D) wetlands 
A) tropical wet forest 
B) open ocean 
C) algal beds and reefs 
D) wetlands

Question 13

Which of the following most often controls the rate of nutrient cycling in ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

A) rate of decomposition of detritus 
B) primary productivity 
C) secondary productivity 
D) both primary and secondary productivity 
A) rate of decomposition of detritus 
B) primary productivity 
C) secondary productivity 
D) both primary and secondary productivity

Question 14

Figure 54.1
-When primary producers expend energy to build new tissue,this is _____.

Accepted Answer

A) net primary productivity 
B) the amount of energy available to consumers 
C) maintenance costs 
D) net primary productivity and the amount of energy available to consumers 
E) maintenance costs and the amount of energy available to consumers 
A) net primary productivity 
B) the amount of energy available to consumers 
C) maintenance costs 
D) net primary productivity and the amount of energy available to consumers 
E) maintenance costs and the amount of energy available to consumers

Question 15

Which of the following could be a cause of eutrophication?

Accepted Answer

A) adding a large amount of a limiting resource to an aquatic ecosystem 
B) adding a large amount of a limiting resource to a terrestrial ecosystem 
C) removing a limiting resource from an aquatic ecosystem 
D) removing a limiting resource from a terrestrial ecosystem 
A) adding a large amount of a limiting resource to an aquatic ecosystem 
B) adding a large amount of a limiting resource to a terrestrial ecosystem 
C) removing a limiting resource from an aquatic ecosystem 
D) removing a limiting resource from a terrestrial ecosystem

Question 16

Considering the global carbon cycle,where is the largest reservoir of carbon?

Accepted Answer

A) terrestrial ecosystems 
B) oceans 
C) atmosphere 
D) beneath the surface of the Earth 
A) terrestrial ecosystems 
B) oceans 
C) atmosphere 
D) beneath the surface of the Earth

Question 17

Figure 54.9  
-How much nitrogen is fixed from human processes?

Accepted Answer

A) It is equal to the amount fixed by natural means. 
B) It is about half that fixed by natural means. 
C) It is about double that fixed by natural means. 
D) We cannot calculate this value. 
A) It is equal to the amount fixed by natural means. 
B) It is about half that fixed by natural means. 
C) It is about double that fixed by natural means. 
D) We cannot calculate this value.

Question 18

Figure 54.3  
-Figure 54.3 represents net primary productivity in what way?

Accepted Answer

A) organized by biome 
B) organized by geography 
C) organized by region 
D) randomly organized 
A) organized by biome 
B) organized by geography 
C) organized by region 
D) randomly organized

Question 19

Figure 54.10  
-Upon looking at Figure 54.10,what can be concluded?

Accepted Answer

A) Residents in colder climates use more energy per person. 
B) Residents of industrialized countries use more energy per person. 
C) Residents of more populated countries use more energy per person. 
D) English-speaking countries tend to use more energy per person. 
A) Residents in colder climates use more energy per person. 
B) Residents of industrialized countries use more energy per person. 
C) Residents of more populated countries use more energy per person. 
D) English-speaking countries tend to use more energy per person.

Question 20

Figure 54.9  
-Considering the global nitrogen cycle depicted in Figure 54.9,what is the limiting portion of the cycle for plants?

Accepted Answer

A) industrial nitrogen fixation 
B) nitrogen lost to the atmosphere 
C) internal nitrogen cycling in the oceans 
D) nitrogen fixation by bacteria 
A) industrial nitrogen fixation 
B) nitrogen lost to the atmosphere 
C) internal nitrogen cycling in the oceans 
D) nitrogen fixation by bacteria

Exam 54: Ecosystems

Figure 54.7 -After looking at the experiment in Figure 54.7,what can be said about nutrient export in ecosystems?

Figure 54.3 -What is the leading hypothesis as to why terrestrial productivity is higher in equatorial climates?

Considering the global carbon cycle,where are humans having a large impact?

From which one of the following environmental issues have we not documented either a slowdown,partial recovery,or significant recovery?

Figure 54.10 -Based on Figure 54.10,and given the populations of the following countries,which country uses the most oil overall?

Figure 54.6 -In Figure 54.6,which number represents secondary production?

Figure 54.8 -Considering the global water cycle depicted in Figure 54.8,where does one find the largest amount of water changing phases?

Why are changes in the global carbon cycle important?

Considering the current scientific literature on global warming,which statement best summarizes the most recent findings?

Figure 54.4 -After looking at the experiment in Figure 54.4,what can be said about productivity in marine ecosystems?

Regarding soil and organic matter in humus,which of the following statements is true?

Figure 54.3 -Which habitat type in Figure 54.3 makes available the most new tissue to consumers?

Which of the following most often controls the rate of nutrient cycling in ecosystems?

Figure 54.1 -When primary producers expend energy to build new tissue,this is _____.

Which of the following could be a cause of eutrophication?

Considering the global carbon cycle,where is the largest reservoir of carbon?

Figure 54.9 -How much nitrogen is fixed from human processes?

Figure 54.3 -Figure 54.3 represents net primary productivity in what way?

Figure 54.10 -Upon looking at Figure 54.10,what can be concluded?

Figure 54.9 -Considering the global nitrogen cycle depicted in Figure 54.9,what is the limiting portion of the cycle for plants?

Biology and the Tree of Life

Water and Carbon: the Chemical Basis of Life

Protein Structure and Function

Nucleic Acids and the Rna World

An Introduction to Carbohydrates

Lipids, membranes, and the First Cells

Inside the Cell

Cell-Cell Interactions

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis

Mendel and the Gene

Dna and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair

How Genes Work

Transcription and Translation

Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria

Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analyzing and Engineering Genes

Genomics

Principles of Development

An Introduction to Animal Development

An Introduction to Plant Development

Evolution by Natural Selection

Evolutionary Processes

Speciation

Phylogenies and the History of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Green Plants

Fungi

An Introduction to Animals

Protostome Animals

Deuterostome Animals

Viruses

Plant Form and Function

Water and Sugar Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Sensory Systems, signals, and Responses

Plant Reproduction

Animal Form and Function

Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange and Circulation

Electrical Signals in Animals

Animal Sensory Systems and Movement

Chemical Signals in Animals

Animal Reproduction

The Immune System in Animals

An Introduction to Ecology

Behavioral Ecology

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Biodiversity and Conservation Biology

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